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Fruit Crops Physiology and Nutrition
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Fruit Crops Physiology and Nutrition

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Food Science and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 October 2023) | Viewed by 11444

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Christos Chatzissavvidis

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Agricultural Development Democritus, University of Thrace, 68200 Orestiada, Greece
Interests: fruit tree physiology; fruit tree nutrition; pomology; fruit crop propagation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Τhe physiology of fruit crops is complicated, however, studying and understanding the physiological processes is necessary if we are to regulate effectively their vegetative and reproductive growth and development and fruit quality. The aim of this Special Issue is to bring the most updated information on the physiology and nutrition of perennial crops, mainly trees and other woody bushes cultivated for their fruits, such as pome and stone fruit trees, nut trees, berry crops etc. This Special Issue is devoted, but not restricted, to the following: propagation, orchard management tactics, canopy manipulation; environmental stresses and climate change, nutrients’ management, foliar nutrition, fertigation, use of new types of fertilizers, plant growth regulators and biostimulants. Except for basic and applied research articles, review articles and short communications related to the topic of the Special Issue are also welcome.

Prof. Dr. Christos Chatzissavvidis
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • fertilization
  • fruit trees
  • fruit crops physiology
  • fruit crops nutrition
  • fruit science
  • nutrient management
  • orchard management
  • pomology

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research

4 pages, 186 KiB  
Editorial
Fruit Crops Physiology and Nutrition
by Christos Chatzissavvidis
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(7), 2789; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14072789 - 27 Mar 2024
Viewed by 562
Abstract
Fruit crops are among the most intensive agricultural systems in terms of inputs of pesticides and fertilizers, as well as investments in capital and material [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fruit Crops Physiology and Nutrition)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

25 pages, 4589 KiB  
Article
Apricot Tree Nutrient Uptake, Fruit Quality and Phytochemical Attributes, and Soil Fertility under Organic and Integrated Management
by Peter Anargyrou Roussos, Anastasia Karabi, Loukas Anastasiou, Anna Assimakopoulou and Dionisios Gasparatos
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(4), 2596; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13042596 - 17 Feb 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1854
Abstract
Organic cultivation management has generated a great deal of interest during the last decades. As there are numerous conflicting results in the literature on the superiority of organic cultivation over an integrated one, a trial occurred using two apricot cultivars, i.e., ‘Bebecou’ and [...] Read more.
Organic cultivation management has generated a great deal of interest during the last decades. As there are numerous conflicting results in the literature on the superiority of organic cultivation over an integrated one, a trial occurred using two apricot cultivars, i.e., ‘Bebecou’ and ‘Diamantopoulou’, under integrated and organic cultivation (three orchards per cultivation system and cultivar). The trial occurred during a single cultivation period under different soil but the same climatic conditions. Fruit physiological (weight, diameters, skin color), organoleptic (pH, titratable acidity, and total soluble solids), and phytochemical (phenolic compounds, carbohydrates, organic acids, antioxidant activity, and carotenoids) attributes were assessed, along with plant nutrition, soil fertility status, and a sensory evaluation panel. The two cultivation practices exhibited similar effects in many of the parameters studied in this trial as well as small differences. Fruit weight was higher under organic management in ‘Bebecou’ and under integrated in ‘Diamantopoulou’, while copper was found at a higher concentration in the leaves of organically managed trees of both cultivars. The cultivar was found to have the greatest effects on the measured variables, while within each cultivation management, the farm also had a great impact, indicating that the outcome of specific cultivation practice is influenced by so many factors that it is almost impossible to come to a general conclusion about which practice is the best. Therefore, more research is needed, focused not only on the differences between organic and integrated cultivation management but primarily on the influence of specific cultivation practices within the same management system, to be able to elucidate, to some extent, the effects of individual factors on the measured variables. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fruit Crops Physiology and Nutrition)
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17 pages, 1128 KiB  
Article
Independent or Combinational Application of Sheep Manure and Litter from Indigenous Field Vegetation of Quercus sp. Influences Nutrient Uptake, Photosynthesis, Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency, and Foliar Sugar Concentrations in Olive Plants (Olea europaea L., cv. “Koroneiki”)
by Theocharis Chatzistathis, Christos Chatzissavvidis, Athanasios Papaioannou and Ioannis E. Papadakis
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 1127; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13021127 - 14 Jan 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1516
Abstract
The recent energy crisis has increased the cost of fertilization for olive growers. This is why alternative nutrient sources, such as manures and other organic materials, could be used to sustain olive production within the framework of sustainable agriculture, by decreasing chemical fertilization [...] Read more.
The recent energy crisis has increased the cost of fertilization for olive growers. This is why alternative nutrient sources, such as manures and other organic materials, could be used to sustain olive production within the framework of sustainable agriculture, by decreasing chemical fertilization inputs. A greenhouse pot experiment was established with a marl soil substrate that was modified with three amendments (sheep manure, or SM; litter from evergreen broadleaf species, or EBLS, such as Quercus sp.; their combination, i.e., SM + EBLS) and a control soil (no application of amendments) to investigate their influence on the nutrition, physiology, and leaf sugar concentrations of olive plants. Plant growth was not significantly affected by the amendments, while the lowest leaf N, K, and Zn concentrations were determined in the control soil. Significantly higher photosynthetic rate was determined in the SM + EBLS, compared to SM. Significantly higher intercellular CO2 was found in the EBLS and SM + EBLS, while significantly higher intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi) was found in the SM + EBLS and the control. Significantly higher translocated sugar content was recorded in the SM + EBLS compared to the control. Overall, it was concluded that the optimum treatment was SM + EBLS, i.e., the combinational application of SM and EBLS. However, multi-year research under field conditions is necessary to draw more stable conclusions about the beneficial role of organic amendments on the nutrition and physiology of olive trees. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fruit Crops Physiology and Nutrition)
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13 pages, 1879 KiB  
Article
Effect of Salinity on Physiological and Biochemical Parameters of Leaves in Three Pomegranate (Punica Granatum L.) Cultivars
by Olga Dichala, Anastasia Evripidis Giannakoula and Ioannis Therios
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(17), 8675; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12178675 - 30 Aug 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1267
Abstract
Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses affecting crop yield. It is important to exploit pomegranates’ potential against salts because they are considered beneficial plants for human health due to their antioxidants and they are often exposed to severe salinity stress [...] Read more.
Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses affecting crop yield. It is important to exploit pomegranates’ potential against salts because they are considered beneficial plants for human health due to their antioxidants and they are often exposed to severe salinity stress in the field. Three pomegranate cvs. were chosen as model plants for assessing the impact of different salt stress in the cultivation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological and biochemical response of three pomegranate varieties (Punica granatum L.) (Wonderful, Ermioni, and Grenada) under different saline conditions. The plants were grown in a sand/perlite substrate in a 1:1 ratio and, throughout the experiment, were irrigated with a Hoagland nutrient solution, modified to contain four concentrations (0, 25, 50, and 75 mM) of NaCl, KCl, and K2SO4. At the end of the experiment, we measured the (a) concentrations of carotenoids and porphyrin of leaves; (b) phenols and flavonoids contents, and antioxidant capacity of leaves; (c) lipid peroxidation level; (d) leaf water potential; and (e) proline concentration. Ermioni contained the maximum concentration of proline phenols and flavonoids and antioxidant capacity in all salts. Furthermore, reductions in chlorophyll and carotenoid concentration were recorded in all cultivars. Grenada possessed the lowest porphyrin concentration. In conclusion, our results showed that Grenada was the most salt-susceptible cultivar. Salinity treatment triggered the enhancement in lipid peroxidation in the sensitive cultivar, while no change in lipid peroxidation level was observed in the tolerant cultivars. These data provide further support to the hypothesis that a mechanism exists that excludes salinity from the roots of tolerant cultivars, as well as an internal mechanism of tolerance that minimizes the accumulation of lipid peroxides through a higher proline content related to osmoregulation and membrane stabilization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fruit Crops Physiology and Nutrition)
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16 pages, 1081 KiB  
Article
Preharvest Foliar Salicylic Acid Sprays Reduce Cracking of Fig Fruit at Harvest
by Athanasia D. Karantzi, Mina Kafkaletou, Giorgios Tsaniklidis, Jinhe Bai, Miltiadis V. Christopoulos, Dimitrios Fanourakis and Eleni Tsantili
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(23), 11374; https://doi.org/10.3390/app112311374 - 1 Dec 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1739
Abstract
Peel cracking and ostiole-end splitting (collectively termed cracking) are common disorders in ripe fig fruit, downgrading fruit quality and thus limiting marketability. This two-year field study addressed the possibility of alleviating cracking at harvest by two foliar salicylic acid (SA) sprays prior to [...] Read more.
Peel cracking and ostiole-end splitting (collectively termed cracking) are common disorders in ripe fig fruit, downgrading fruit quality and thus limiting marketability. This two-year field study addressed the possibility of alleviating cracking at harvest by two foliar salicylic acid (SA) sprays prior to harvest (8 and 5 d). Three SA concentrations (0, 1, and 2 mM) were employed in the first year, and based on the obtained results two (0 and 2 mM) in the second year. A local variety (‘Vasilika’) with excellent organoleptic profile, and high sensitivity to cracking was evaluated. Fruit was harvested at commercial maturity. Fruit marketability was mainly based on the incidence and severity of cracking. Fruit weight, peel color, flesh total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), and pH were estimated for fig quality. The contents of total anthocyanins (TAN), cyanidin-3-rutinoside (c-3-rut; the major anthocyanin in fig), and the expression of four genes coding for regulatory enzymes (phenylalanine ammonia lyase, anthocyanidin synthase, UDP-flavonoid glucosyl transferase 1, and UDP-flavonoid glucosyl transferase 2) of the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway were also determined in the peel. Preharvest SA application (2 mM) increased the percentage of fruit without cracking (sound fruit) by 1.4–2.6-fold, and of marketable fruit (sound and slightly cracked) by 2-fold. SA application (2 mM) was associated with increased flesh TSS and TA, as well as with decreased flesh pH and peel red coloration in stripe. The treatment (2 mM SA) decreased both TAN and c-3-rut contents, which were highly associated (r = 0.978). Responses of transcription level of the four genes to SA application varied, and did not correlate with the other variables in the study. In conclusion, SA appears to be a low-cost and environmentally-safe agent for improving fig fruit quality and marketability, and facilitates harvesting and postharvest management of figs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fruit Crops Physiology and Nutrition)
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24 pages, 4071 KiB  
Article
Amelioration Effects against Salinity Stress in Strawberry by Bentonite–Zeolite Mixture, Glycine Betaine, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in Terms of Plant Growth, Nutrient Content, Soil Properties, Yield, and Fruit Quality Characteristics
by Efstathios Ntanos, Panagiotis Kekelis, Anna Assimakopoulou, Dionisios Gasparatos, Nikoleta-Kleio Denaxa, Athanassios Tsafouros and Petros Anargyrou Roussos
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(19), 8796; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11198796 - 22 Sep 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2327
Abstract
Strawberry, the most significant berry crop, is characterized as a salt-sensitive plant. The present study aimed to examine ways to alleviate salinity symptoms (34 mM of NaCl in irrigation water) in strawberry plants. For this purpose, the osmolyte glycine betaine was foliarly applied, [...] Read more.
Strawberry, the most significant berry crop, is characterized as a salt-sensitive plant. The present study aimed to examine ways to alleviate salinity symptoms (34 mM of NaCl in irrigation water) in strawberry plants. For this purpose, the osmolyte glycine betaine was foliarly applied, a mixture of bentonite–zeolite was added to the substrate, and a microbial product based on Bacillys amyloliquefaciens as a soil drench were tested in terms of plant growth and nutrient status, yield, fruit physiological and organoleptic characteristics, as well as phytochemical properties (phenolic compounds, carbohydrates, organic acids, anthocyanins, and antioxidant capacity), and soil physicochemical properties. Salinity severely reduced plant growth and yield, while the effects on fruit quality were also distinct. Treatments alleviated to some extent these negative effects. Plant nutrient content was not severely affected by product application, and neither were most of the soil physicochemical properties. Among the products applied, the mixture of bentonite plus zeolite and glycine betaine proved to be more efficient in ameliorating toxicity symptoms, as both treatments preserved plant hydric status and plant growth, while glycine betaine resulted in an almost 30% higher yield than the treatment with saline water. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fruit Crops Physiology and Nutrition)
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