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Applied Sciences
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Physical and Chemical Approaches for Groundwater Contamination
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Physical and Chemical Approaches for Groundwater Contamination

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 February 2022) | Viewed by 2476

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Sang Yong Chung

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
Interests: hydrogeology; geostatistics; artificial intelligence
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Venkatramanan Senapathi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Disaster Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
Interests: environmental geochemistry; hydrogeological processes; sediment dynamics; remote sensing and GIS; environmental toxins; microplastic
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Groundwater is essential for human life. However, groundwater contamination has been continuously increased due to human, agricultural and industrial activities. We have to manage groundwater very well to reduce its contamination. Thus, we need to study the causes and sources of groundwater contamination through physical and chemical approaches. We should also study the effective management of groundwater, and the remediation of contaminated groundwater. This Special Issue deals with various aspects to conserve groundwater from its contamination.

The specific topics of this Special Issue are as follows:

  • Sustainable management of groundwater against contamination;
  • Modeling contaminant transport in groundwater;
  • Environmental risk assessments of contaminated groundwater;
  • Assessment of groundwater quality using geochemical and geostatistical methods;
  • Assessment of groundwater contamination vulnerability;
  • Estimation of groundwater physical and chemical data using artificial intelligence methods;
  • Remediation technologies of contaminated groundwater;
  • Isotopic analysis to determine contaminant sources or pathways.

Prof. Dr. Sang Yong Chung
Dr. Venkatramanan Senapathi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • hydrogeology
  • geostatistics
  • Artificial Intelligence

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

28 pages, 4957 KiB  
Article
Hydrogeochemical Survey along the Northern Coastal Region of Ramanathapuram District, Tamilnadu, India
by Sivakumar Karthikeyan, Prabakaran Kulandaisamy, Venkatramanan Senapathi, Sang Yong Chung, Kongeswaran Thangaraj, Muruganantham Arumugam, Sathish Sugumaran and Sung Ho-Na
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(11), 5595; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12115595 - 31 May 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2007
Abstract
Ramanathapuram is a drought-prone southern Indian district that was selected for conducting a hydrogeochemical study. Groundwater samples from 40 locations were collected during January 2020 (pandemic interdiction according to COVID) and January 2021. The hydrogeochemical properties of the groundwater samples were evaluated and [...] Read more.
Ramanathapuram is a drought-prone southern Indian district that was selected for conducting a hydrogeochemical study. Groundwater samples from 40 locations were collected during January 2020 (pandemic interdiction according to COVID) and January 2021. The hydrogeochemical properties of the groundwater samples were evaluated and compared with drinking water regulations to assess their water quality. The order of cation dominance was as follows: Na+ > Ca2+ > K+ > Mg2+ in January 2020 and Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ in January 2021 with respect to the mean value. The order of anion dominance was as follows: Cl− > HCO3− > SO42− > NO3− > F− in January 2020 and Cl− > SO42− > HCO3− > NO3− > F− in January 2021 with respect to the mean value. In the study area, the southern coastal region was identified as a groundwater-polluted zone through spatial analysis based on all analysis results. The irrigation water quality was analyzed using various calculated indices, such as Na% (percent sodium), SAR (sodium absorption ratio), PI (permeability index), MgC (magnesium risk), RSC (residual sodium concentration), and KI (Kelly ratio), demonstrating the suitability of the groundwater for irrigation in most parts of the study area. This was also confirmed by the Na% vs. EC Plot, USSL, and Doneen’s Plot for PI. In addition, the WQI results for drinking water and irrigation confirmed the suitability of the groundwater in most parts of the study area, except for the coastal regions. The dominant hydrogeologic facies of Na+-Cl−, Ca2+-Mg2+-SO42−, and Ca2+-Mg2+-Cl− types illustrated by the Piper diagram indicate the mixing process of freshwater with saline water in the coastal aquifers. Rock–water interaction and evaporation were the main controllers of groundwater geochemistry in the study area, as determined using the Gibbs plot. Ion exchange, seawater intrusion, weathering of carbonates, and the dissolution of calcium and gypsum minerals from the aquifer were identified as the major geogenic processes controlling groundwater chemistry using the Chadha plot, scatter plot, and Cl−/HCO3− ratio. Further, multivariate statistical approaches also confirmed the strong mutual relationship among the parameters, several factors controlling hydrogeochemistry, and grouping of water samples based on the parameters. Appropriate artificial recharge techniques must be used in the affected regions to stop seawater intrusion and increase freshwater recharge. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical and Chemical Approaches for Groundwater Contamination)
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