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Applied Sciences
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Multimodal Imaging in Neurosciences
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Multimodal Imaging in Neurosciences

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 March 2023) | Viewed by 8382

Special Issue Editor

Dr. João Castelhano

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. ICNAS-Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health, University of Coimbra, P-3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
2. CIBIT-Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, P-3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
Interests: cognitive neuroscience; multimodal medical imaging; biomedical engineering; visual perception; data analyst

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Multimodal medical imaging is a field of increasing interest and development. Nowadays, almost all imaging research is carried out using more than one imaging technique.  These methods (e.g., EEG-fMRI, MRI-PET, fMRI-eyetracking, fMRI physiologic measures, EEG-TMS, TMS-fMRI, EEG-fNIRS, etc.) complement each other, giving useful information that is very important to understand underlying mechanisms. This Special Issue covers a broad spectrum of research; multimodal studies that use more than one imaging measure to reply to a specific research question are particularly welcome. We also intend to publish works about the transfer of more heavy measures (PET or MRI) to more simple techniques the subject might use in their daily life, and thus improve diagnostic or therapeutic outcomes. The Special Issue is also open to the development of methods to integrate the different metrics obtained, and to new signal processing and artifacts correction approaches. Multimodal experimental designs and protocols, signal processing, and possible clinical applications of multimodal imaging and stimulation will also be considered.

Dr. João Castelhano
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

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Keywords

  • multimodal medical imaging
  • simultaneous recordings
  • MRI
  • PET
  • EEG
  • TMS
  • fNIRS
  • MEG
  • eyetracking
  • neurophysiology

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Review

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17 pages, 4965 KiB  
Review
Comparison of Functional Connectivity Analysis Methods in Alzheimer’s Disease
by Nishant Chauhan and Byung-Jae Choi
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(16), 8096; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12168096 - 12 Aug 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2896
Abstract
This paper intends to present a comparative review of functional connectivity (FC) analysis methods and their computational methodologies measured through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The fMRI technique has been established as a powerful tool for identifying and visualizing the active brain areas [...] Read more.
This paper intends to present a comparative review of functional connectivity (FC) analysis methods and their computational methodologies measured through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The fMRI technique has been established as a powerful tool for identifying and visualizing the active brain areas in response to certain stimuli and tasks. FC is a metric for the interaction between various brain regions. The synchronization of the functional activity between non-adjacent brain regions is reflected in FC, and changes in FC occur earlier than changes in the physical brain structure. The functionally active brain area can be identified by detecting signal changes caused by blood oxygen levels during the corresponding neuronal activity. The fMRI technique can assess these physiological signals, which can be utilized for further study and research. FC is therefore crucial in identifying a variety of brain disorders, including Alzheimer’s (AD). AD is a neurodegenerative disease that primarily affects the elderly, and previous studies have reported that patients with AD seem to have impaired FC between different brain areas. Henceforth, AD patients’ clinical diagnosis and prediction depend significantly on the practical and precise classification of symptoms using fMRI. We have first reviewed the existing FC analysis methods, such as model/seed-based methods and data-driven methods, and further compared them based on the reduced FC observed in AD patients compared to normal controls (NC). The goal is to provide an overview of the benefits, challenges, and limitations of FC analysis methods in the context of medical imaging for AD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multimodal Imaging in Neurosciences)
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14 pages, 996 KiB  
Systematic Review
Do Psychogenic Erectile Dysfunction and Premature Ejaculation Share a Neural Circuit? Evidence from a fMRI Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Jéssica Monteiro, João Castelhano, Duarte Pignatelli, Armando Tartaro and Nicoletta Cera
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(21), 11249; https://doi.org/10.3390/app122111249 - 6 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2439
Abstract
Background: Several functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies investigated the brain correlates of psychogenic erectile dysfunction (PED) and premature ejaculation (PE), representing the most common sexual dysfunctions in men. These studies allowed a wide set of brain regions in PED and PE patients [...] Read more.
Background: Several functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies investigated the brain correlates of psychogenic erectile dysfunction (PED) and premature ejaculation (PE), representing the most common sexual dysfunctions in men. These studies allowed a wide set of brain regions in PED and PE patients when compared to healthy men. In the present meta-analysis, we aim at assessing the presence of homogeneity in the cerebral underpinnings of PED and PE. Methods: Following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines and after the electronic search, duplicate removal and the application of pre-exclusion criteria, nine PED and ten PE studies were considered eligible with a Cohen’s k of 0.84 and 0.75, respectively. The effect sizes of the sociodemographic and psychological/urological dimensions were calculated. We extracted brain clusters from the retrieved studies, comparing patients and controls, and we calculated brain maps with Seed-Based D Mapping software. Results: We found a homogenous involvement of the frontal gyrus and insula in both dysfunctions, suggesting a common network. Conclusions: The anterior insula plays a key role in the processing of emotional features of stimuli, while the posterior insula in interoceptive information is relevant for sexual response. The prefrontal and inferior frontal cortices are important for sexual inhibition/disinhibition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multimodal Imaging in Neurosciences)
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8 pages, 2069 KiB  
Brief Report
Brain [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose Metabolism Assessment under Hypothyroidism and Recombinant Human Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone in Comparison with Thyroid Hormone Replacement in Patients Submitted to Total Thyroidectomy
by Sílvia D. Almeida, Francisco P. M. Oliveira, Maria J. Oliveira, José M. Oliveira, Rita Afonso, Diogo B. Faria and Durval C. Costa
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(19), 9437; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12199437 - 21 Sep 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2291
Abstract
Objective: To compare brain metabolism using [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in total thyroidectomy patients during hypothyroidism (levothyroxine withdrawal) or under recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone (rhTSH) against levothyroxine intake. Methods: A total of 12 patients were randomly [...] Read more.
Objective: To compare brain metabolism using [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in total thyroidectomy patients during hypothyroidism (levothyroxine withdrawal) or under recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone (rhTSH) against levothyroxine intake. Methods: A total of 12 patients were randomly divided into two groups. One group underwent the first [18F]FDG PET/CT brain scan after levothyroxine withdrawal (hypothyroidism condition) and repeated the scan 6 months later during regular levothyroxine intake (replacement condition). The other group underwent the first [18F]FDG PET/CT scan after receiving an rhTSH injection and maintained regular levothyroxine intake (rhTSH condition), and repeated the scan 7 months later during regular levothyroxine intake without rhTSH administration. The intra-group regional brain metabolisms were compared. Results: Under the hypothyroidism condition, brain metabolism was significantly reduced, namely in the bilateral pre-frontal, temporal, anterior cingulate, and primary motor cortices, insula, and striatum (uncorrected voxelwise p < 0.005); No significant differences were found between the rhTSH and replacement conditions. Conclusion: rhTSH administration could be a better option than levothyroxine withdrawal for 131I treatment, serum thyroglobulin measurement, or radioiodine scanning for patient follow-up. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multimodal Imaging in Neurosciences)
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