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Applied Sciences
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New Approaches to Water Treatment: Challenges and Trends
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New Approaches to Water Treatment: Challenges and Trends

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 January 2025 | Viewed by 4135

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Luz Marina Ruíz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Technologies for Water Management and Treatment Research Group, University of Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
Interests: design; modelling; optimization; simulation; wastewater treatment
Prof. Dr. Miguel Ángel Gómez

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Technologies for Water Management and Treatment Research Group, University of Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
Interests: desalination; drinking water; emerging contaminants; MBR; wastewater treatment; water reuse; xenobiotics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The objective of this Special Issue is to gain insights into the main challenges and trends related to water treatment (e.g., drinking water, rainwater, desalination, wastewater, etc.). Articles focused on the development of new technologies and digitalization in water treatment are also of interest. We welcome the submission of original research articles, both methodological and experimental, and reviews covering all issues related to the above-mentioned topic.  

Possible topics include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • Drinking water treatment;
  • Desalination;
  • Rainwater purification systems;
  • Wastewater treatment;
  • Reclaimed water and wastewater reuse;
  • Modelling and simulation;
  • Digitalization;
  • Water–energy nexus;
  • Energy optimization,

Prof. Dr. Luz Marina Ruíz
Prof. Dr. Miguel Ángel Gómez
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • desalination
  • digitalization
  • drinking water
  • optimization
  • rainwater
  • reclaimed water
  • water treatment

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 2970 KiB  
Article
The Use of Beech Bark (Latin: Fagus sylvatica) and Birch Bark (Latin: Betula pendula Roth) for the Removal of Cationic Dyes from Aqueous Solutions
by Urszula Filipkowska, Tomasz Jóźwiak, Magdalena Filipkowska and Magdalena Deptuła
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(14), 6128; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14146128 - 14 Jul 2024
Viewed by 715
Abstract
The aim of this work was to determine the sorption capacity of the cationic dyes Basic Red 46 (BR46) and Basic Violet 10 (BV10) on the prepared sorbents: beech bark (BBe) and birch bark (BBi). Two fractions of bark were used in the [...] Read more.
The aim of this work was to determine the sorption capacity of the cationic dyes Basic Red 46 (BR46) and Basic Violet 10 (BV10) on the prepared sorbents: beech bark (BBe) and birch bark (BBi). Two fractions of bark were used in the research: fine (2–3 mm) and coarse (4–5 mm). The carried out tests made it possible to determine the influence of the pH value on the sorption efficiency, the sorption equilibrium time and the maximum sorption capacity of the two tested sorbents. The Langmuir model and the Freundlich model were used to describe the obtained experimental data. Beech and birch barks are effective sorbents for cationic dyes; however, the efficiency of dye sorption on both bark sorbents depends on the type of cationic dye. According to the obtained data, beech and birch bark sorbents showed higher sorption efficiency for Basic Red 46 than for Basic Violet 10. The pH correction was a necessary condition for sorption, and the sorption pH value for the cationic dyes Basic Red 46 and Basic Violet 10 was be determined individually for each dye. The most favourable pH value for the sorption of the BR46 dye on the beach and birch bark sorbents was pH = 6, while for the dye BV10, it was pH = 3. The sorption equilibrium time for Basic Red 46 was 300 min and for Basic Violet 10–240 min. The fine fraction of beech bark had the highest sorption capacity for both BR46 (128.45 mg/g dry matter) and BV10 (18.07 mg/g dry matter). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Approaches to Water Treatment: Challenges and Trends)
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14 pages, 2083 KiB  
Article
Feasibility of Using Reclaimed Water from the Alegria Wastewater Treatment Plant in Concrete Mixing Plants in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
by Luis Carlos Soares da Silva Junior and Marcelo Obraczka
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(12), 5293; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14125293 - 19 Jun 2024
Viewed by 557
Abstract
Due to the rising costs of transportation and the more advanced treatment needed to meet the water demands of the urban population, the costs of potable water tend to increase as cities expand. For some water uses, potable water is not required, such [...] Read more.
Due to the rising costs of transportation and the more advanced treatment needed to meet the water demands of the urban population, the costs of potable water tend to increase as cities expand. For some water uses, potable water is not required, such as concrete mixing industries. Previous studies have proven the viability of using reused water in concrete production. In Caju, Rio de Janeiro, four large concrete mixing plants (CMPs) are located close to the Alegria Wastewater Treatment Plant. This study focused on assessing the technical and financial feasibility of reusing these effluents as an alternative source of water for the four CMPs. The alternatives were potable and reused water via two supply methods, water tank trucks and pipelines. All costs were analyzed and projected into the future with the market cost of capital. After comparing the costs, the use of reclaimed water proved to be highly feasible, especially when a using pipeline to supply the CMPs. The present costs for the reclaimed water supply were calculated to be USD 0.99 per m3 for the pipeline alternative and the other alternatives varied in being 5 to 7 times more costly. This water reuse project using pipelines to transport reclaimed water to concrete mixing plants provides a feasible, sustainable alternative water supply in water stressed regions such as Rio de Janeiro. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Approaches to Water Treatment: Challenges and Trends)
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14 pages, 1109 KiB  
Article
Analytical Model for Predicting Induction Times in Reverse Osmosis Systems with and without Antiscalants
by Abraham Sagiv, Raphael Semiat and Hilla Shemer
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(11), 4700; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14114700 - 30 May 2024
Viewed by 571
Abstract
A simple predictive analytical model for induction times in reverse osmosis (RO), both with and without an antiscalant (AS), has been developed based on the fundamental principles of mass and momentum balance. The simplicity of the model arises from the very low Reynolds [...] Read more.
A simple predictive analytical model for induction times in reverse osmosis (RO), both with and without an antiscalant (AS), has been developed based on the fundamental principles of mass and momentum balance. The simplicity of the model arises from the very low Reynolds number in the vicinity of the cluster surface, enabling the use and derivation of exact equations. The main assumption of the induction time without AS, t0A, is that the net growth of the cluster size results from the difference between adhesion and shear forces. With AS, the induction time, tA, is extended due to the competition between the AS and the scaling molecules on the cluster’s surface ligands. The model was validated by fitting it to six independent datasets from experiments conducted with spiral-wound and tubular RO membranes under various operational conditions, resulting in an average difference of 8.0% (t0A) and 8.7% (tA) between predicted and experimental induction times. It was found that t0A is governed by three dimensionless parameters: supersaturation ratio (Sa), shear (Ku), and scalant saturation (κ). tA increases with t0A and the AS concentration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Approaches to Water Treatment: Challenges and Trends)
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Review

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29 pages, 2161 KiB  
Review
Innovative Approaches for Minimizing Disinfection Byproducts (DBPs) in Water Treatment: Challenges and Trends
by Spyridon K. Golfinopoulos, Anastasia D. Nikolaou and Dimitrios E. Alexakis
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(18), 8153; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14188153 - 11 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1267
Abstract
Growing concerns over public health and environmental safety have intensified the focus on minimizing harmful disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in water treatment. Traditional methods like chlorination, while effective against pathogens, often lead to the formation of DBPs, which pose significant risks. This paper explores [...] Read more.
Growing concerns over public health and environmental safety have intensified the focus on minimizing harmful disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in water treatment. Traditional methods like chlorination, while effective against pathogens, often lead to the formation of DBPs, which pose significant risks. This paper explores alternative strategies to reducing DBP formation while ensuring effective disinfection. The methodology involved a bibliographic study conducted through the Scopus platform, using appropriate keywords. The initial search yielded 9576 articles from the period 2020 to 2024. The key approaches identified include advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) such as UV/H2O2 and ozone, which mineralize natural organic matter (NOM) and minimize chemical use and sludge production; membrane-based filtration systems, like reverse osmosis, effectively removing contaminants without chemical disinfectants, reducing DBP risks. Furthermore, conventional processes, such as coagulation and filtration, serve as crucial pretreatment steps to lower NOM levels before disinfection. Additionally, optimizing chlorine dosing, using non-chlorine disinfectants, and employing post-disinfection methods like adsorption and biological filtration further mitigate DBP formation. Finally, the integration of artificial intelligence in process optimization is emerging as a promising tool for enhancing treatment efficiency and safety. This research contributes to the development of safer, more sustainable water treatment solutions, addressing regulatory demands and public health objectives. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Approaches to Water Treatment: Challenges and Trends)
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