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Applied Sciences
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Space Debris: Monitoring and Hazard Evaluation
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Space Debris: Monitoring and Hazard Evaluation

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (22 November 2020) | Viewed by 14722

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Giorgio Montisci

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
Interests: waveguide slot antennas; SIW antennas; microwave components; RFID antennas; wearable antennas; radar
Dr. Tonino Pisanu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
National Institute for Astrophysics, Astronomical Observatory of Cagliari, 09047 Selargius, Italy
Interests: microwave components; radar; radio astronomy receivers
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Giacomo Muntoni

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
Interests: radar; antennas for medical applications; microwave components

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is dedicated to space debris (SD) monitoring and hazard evaluation. Since the beginning of the “space era”, SD has become an ever-growing threat for space missions, due to its increasing amounts in the main Earth orbits. As a result, ground-based and space-based monitoring, both radar and optical, are undergoing a swift evolutionary process in order to keep pace with the pressing demands of space agencies. Authors are encouraged to submit relevant works on this topic, primarily concerning novelties in mono-static, bi-static radar configurations, phased arrays, optical configurations, performing back-ends but also on new monitoring techniques, tracking algorithms or fresh approaches on orbit determination. Presented papers may tend toward theoretical and practical aspects of the problem. In addition, comprehensive review and survey papers are welcome.

Prof. Dr. Giorgio Montisci
Senior Researcher Tonino Pisanu
Dr. Giacomo Muntoni
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Space debris
  • Radar monitoring
  • Optical telescope
  • Orbit determination
  • Ephemerides
  • Satellite
  • Bi-static radar

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 6336 KiB  
Communication
Dim Staring Debris Targets Detection Method with Dense Long Trailing Star
by Jiyang Yu, Dan Huang, Wenjie Li, Xianjie Wang and Xiaolong Shi
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(16), 9148; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13169148 - 11 Aug 2023
Viewed by 875
Abstract
With the gradual increase in spacecraft in orbit, space debris monitoring has become the key to the sustainable development of space missions. A staring debris detection method is proposed for high-density stars with long tails. In order to solve the problem that the [...] Read more.
With the gradual increase in spacecraft in orbit, space debris monitoring has become the key to the sustainable development of space missions. A staring debris detection method is proposed for high-density stars with long tails. In order to solve the problem that the gray level of a long trailing image is not stable and continuous, rectangular fitting is used to complete the aggregation of the trailing image and reduce the influence of noise on the trailing information. The occluded state of the target was analyzed, the feature calculation method was improved, the semi-occluded scene was statistically classified, the fully connected network (FCN) based finite point feature was accurately classified, and the semi-occluded image was extracted. Based on the extracted semi-occluded image, the inter-frame association can improve the success probability of target association and realize the effective detection and tracking of debris. The detection accuracy was tested for the changing inter-frame interval and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and the relationship between the index parameters and key parameters was given. Compared with previous literature, this design can detect and track the occluded target with a detection rate of more than 90% and a false alarm rate of less than 10%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Space Debris: Monitoring and Hazard Evaluation)
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23 pages, 13907 KiB  
Article
Implementation of a Cryogenic Facility for Space Debris Analysis
by Paulo Gordo, Tiago Frederico, Rui Melicio and António Amorim
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(3), 948; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11030948 - 21 Jan 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2307
Abstract
This paper has resulted from a continued study of spacecraft material degradation and space debris formation. The design and implementation of a thermal vacuum cycling cryogenic facility for the evaluation of space debris generation at a low Earth orbit (LEO) is presented. The [...] Read more.
This paper has resulted from a continued study of spacecraft material degradation and space debris formation. The design and implementation of a thermal vacuum cycling cryogenic facility for the evaluation of space debris generation at a low Earth orbit (LEO) is presented. The facility used for spacecraft external material evaluation is described, and some of the obtained results are presented. The infrastructure was developed in the framework of a study for the European Space Agency (ESA). The main purpose of the cryogenic facility is to simulate the LEO spacecraft environment, namely thermal cycling and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) irradiation to simulate the spacecraft material degradation and the generation of space debris. In a previous work, some results under LEO test conditions showed the effectiveness of the cryogenic facility for material evaluation, namely: the degradation of satellite paints with a change in their thermo-optical properties, leading to the emission of cover flakes; the degradation of the pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) used to glue Velcro’s to the spacecraft, and to glue multilayer insulation (MLI) to the spacecraft’s. The paint flakes generated are space debris. Hence, in a scenario of space missions where a spacecraft has lost the thermal shielding capability, the failure of PSA tape and the loss of Velcro properties may contribute to the release of the full MLI blanket, contributing to the generation of space debris that presents a growing threat to space missions in the main Earth orbits. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Space Debris: Monitoring and Hazard Evaluation)
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14 pages, 2065 KiB  
Article
Orbit Determination of Resident Space Objects Using the P-Band Mono-Beam Receiver of the Sardinia Radio Telescope
by Matteo Losacco and Luca Schirru
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(19), 4092; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9194092 - 30 Sep 2019
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3467
Abstract
The population of space debris in near-Earth space is continuously growing and it represents a serious problem for active satellites and spacecraft. A performant ground-based and space-based network of sensors is necessary for space surveillance and consequently to prevent new collisions and monitoring [...] Read more.
The population of space debris in near-Earth space is continuously growing and it represents a serious problem for active satellites and spacecraft. A performant ground-based and space-based network of sensors is necessary for space surveillance and consequently to prevent new collisions and monitoring atmospheric reentry of these objects. This paper illustrates the possible role of the Italian ground-based novel bi-static radar sensor, named BIRALET, for space monitoring and resident space objects tracking. The main characteristics of the receiver system, the Sardinia Radio Telescope with its P-band mono-beam receiver, are described in detail. Then, a preliminary analysis of the performance of the sensor is presented, and the results of numerical simulations are shown, providing a general overview on both observation capabilities and orbit determination accuracy achievable with the Sardinia Radio Telescope. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Space Debris: Monitoring and Hazard Evaluation)
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Review

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27 pages, 8909 KiB  
Review
Crowded Space: A Review on Radar Measurements for Space Debris Monitoring and Tracking
by Giacomo Muntoni, Giorgio Montisci, Tonino Pisanu, Pietro Andronico and Giuseppe Valente
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(4), 1364; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11041364 - 3 Feb 2021
Cited by 30 | Viewed by 6880
Abstract
Space debris monitoring is nowadays a priority for worldwide space agencies, due to the serious threat that these objects present. More and more efforts have been made to extend the network of available radar systems devoted to the control of space. A meticulous [...] Read more.
Space debris monitoring is nowadays a priority for worldwide space agencies, due to the serious threat that these objects present. More and more efforts have been made to extend the network of available radar systems devoted to the control of space. A meticulous review has been done in this paper, in order to find and classify the considerable amounts of data provided by the scientific community that deal with RADAR measurement for the debris monitoring and tracking. The information gathered is organized based on the volume of found data and classified taking into account the geographical location of the facilities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Space Debris: Monitoring and Hazard Evaluation)
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