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Advances in Surface Characterisation and Surface Modification of the Materials

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A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Science and Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 January 2025 | Viewed by 4758

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Prof. Dr. Tomasz Chmielewski

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Guest Editor

Institute of Manufacturing Technologies, Warsaw University of Technology, 85 Narbutta Str., 02-524 Warsaw, Poland
Interests: welding and surface engineering; thermal spraying; coatings; surface modification
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Section “Advances in Surface Characterisation and Surface Modification of the Materials” of Applied Sciences covers an important domain of research and development. At present, this field has reached such a mature level that it is prevalent in production and remanufacturing processes of advanced machine parts. Many domains of activities are concerned, ranging from maritime to the oil industry, including agriculture, aeronautics, communications, energy, etc. Recent time parallel to surface modification of the surface characterisation plays an important role in surface properties’ consciousness development.

This Special Issue intends to gather original scientific peer-reviewed articles and review articles featuring important and recent developments or achievements of surface characterisation and modifications with a special emphasis on real or potential applications. The authors are well-known experts in their domains who are invited to submit their contribution at any moment from now to the end of (suitable date). The papers can cover either experimental or theoretical aspects or both. Thermal spray, laser and plasma cladding, friction surfacing of the materials, surface characterization, etc., of modern engineer materials.

Prof. Dr. Tomasz Chmielewski
Guest Editor

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Keywords

surface modification
surface characterisation
thermal spray
laser cladding
plasma cladding
friction surfacing
surface remanufacturing
PVD
CVD

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 7628 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Laser Surface Treatment on the Corrosion Resistance of Zircaloy-4 at High Temperature

by Shijing Xie, Ruizhi Meng, Tong Shi, Yihang Yu, Jianhang Liu, Yiwen Guo, Jie Qiu, Wenbo Liu and Di Yun

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(12), 4977; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14124977 - 7 Jun 2024

Viewed by 630

Abstract

A 700 V pulsed laser was used for the surface treatment of Zircaloy-4. Phases including the treatment layer, morphology and the distributions of alloying elements of the treatment layer were detected via X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results showed that the laser surface treatment (LST) layer is also α-Zr phase layer, the morphology of the treatment layer was “cauliflower-like” and the Fe-Cr precipitates in the LST layer were dissolved. The corrosion tests of the LST and the no-laser surface treatment (NLST) specimens were conducted in steam at 1100 °C using TGA (NETZSCH STA 449 F). The results showed that LST can enhance the corrosion resistance of the Zircaloy-4 in high-temperature steam. More microcracks distributed in the oxide film formed on the NLST specimen than on the LST specimen. And the volume fraction of the tetragonal zirconia (t-ZrO₂) phase in the oxide film on the surface of the LST specimen was higher than that of NLST specimen. The main reason for this phenomena could be attributed to the dissolving Fe-Cr precipitates and higher solid solution of Fe and Cr in the laser treatment layer. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Surface Characterisation and Surface Modification of the Materials)

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21 pages, 18019 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Modification of Insulating Properties of Surfaces of Dielectric High-Voltage Devices Using Plasma

by Roman Pernica, Miloš Klíma, Pavel Londák and Pavel Fiala

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(11), 4399; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14114399 - 22 May 2024

Viewed by 650

Abstract

Plasma discharges under atmospheric pressure are applicable for modifying the electrical properties of dielectric surfaces. The aim of the plasma discharge treatment of such surfaces is to design a procedure so that its characteristic parameters improve the resulting levels of the breakdown electrical strength E_b when tested under pulsed or alternating electrical voltages. In this research, a set of functional experiments performed by using plasma in samples of two types of materials (thermoset, thermoplastic) were processed and evaluated, and the resulting effect of the magnitude of the breakdown electrical voltage, electrical intensity, and electrical conductivity of the surface were compared. A slit plasma chamber, previously described and parameterized, was employed to treat the surface of the dielectric samples. The surface structure was modified via plasma discharge without precursors, and methodologies were developed to evaluate these modifications with respect to the change in the electrical strength parameters of the insulator surface. Subsequently, the surface strength of the affected and unaffected samples was measured and evaluated as a function of exposure time, and the stability of the modification was assessed. The first methodical test showed that plasma discharge without precursors improved the long-term surface electrical strength of the dielectric surface. The test and its parameters were carried out with respect to feasibility in an industrial environment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Surface Characterisation and Surface Modification of the Materials)

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15 pages, 7397 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Study on the Rate of the Removal of Nano-Crystalline Diamond—Coated Materials by Femtosecond Laser Etching

by Lujun Ren, Yuping Ma, Haisong Cao, Xingxing Zhang, Yuan Han and Chao Wei

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(17), 9864; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13179864 - 31 Aug 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1077

Abstract

The rate of the removal of materials coated with nano−crystalline diamonds by femtosecond laser etching was examined by adjusting the repetition rate of the femtosecond laser, the energy−flux density of the concentrated spot, and the scanning speed. The observational results of the white-light interferometer and the numerical fitting approach were used to develop the removal rate function model of the nano-crystalline diamond-covered material etched by the femtosecond laser. The findings demonstrated that the rate of material removal was not greatly affected by the repetition frequency and that the amount of laser energy accumulated over time on the coated surface is steady. The processing outcomes under different laser scanning speeds are different, and the material removal rate tends to increase and then decrease with an increase in scanning speed. The greater the energy−flux density of the focused spot, the greater the etching intensity, and the greater the material removal rate. With an increase in scanning speed, the rate at which the material is removed often rises initially before falling. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Surface Characterisation and Surface Modification of the Materials)

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12 pages, 2208 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Evaluation of Surface-Active Agent Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide with Vertical Self-Alignment Properties to Align Liquid Crystals for Various Cell Gap Conditions

by Jun-Seok Ma, Jin-Young Choi, Hyun-Ji Shin, Jae-Hwan Lee, Seung-Won Oh and Wook-Sung Kim

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(24), 12582; https://doi.org/10.3390/app122412582 - 8 Dec 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1801

Abstract

We evaluated hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HTAB) for liquid crystals (LCs) in layered ITO cells with various cell gap conditions. HTAB is a surfactant that can self-align vertically on the surface of indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates and induce homeotropic alignment of the LC molecules. For implementing RF devices with HTAB and LCs, we should consider limitations caused by the design conditions which are different from conventional liquid crystal displays such as cell gap. We quantified the concentration of HTAB ([HTAB]) that is necessary to form and maintain a sufficiently dense vertical alignment of 5CB (4-Cyano-4′-pentylbiphenyl). The required [HTAB] for full-homeotropic alignment was increased to the cell gap until it was too large to support the transfer of the surface alignment to the LC molecules, due to the weak anchoring nature of HTAB. We also showed the phase-change characteristic of the LC mixture related to [HTAB] for the design of RF devices driven by light or heat. This study may help to guide the development of new approaches to designing efficient RF devices that use LCs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Surface Characterisation and Surface Modification of the Materials)

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