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New Materials and Technology for Waste Water Treatment
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New Materials and Technology for Waste Water Treatment

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Science and Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 January 2022) | Viewed by 7172

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Janos B. Nagy

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica, Energetica e Gestionale, University of Calabria, I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
Interests: zeolites; organic and inorganic nanoparticles; carbon nanotubes; nanotechnology; heterogeneous catalysis; colloid chemistry

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Different techniques and materials can be used for the treatment of water contaminated by pollutants. Dyes represent a high environmental problem and it is very difficult to eliminate them from waste waters due to their heterogeneous composition. Studies on the adsorption phenomenon have shown it is superior to other techniques for the treatment of waste waters, as it is are low-cost, highly efficient, easy to perform, and not influenced by toxic substances. There are several materials used in adsorption. Natural and synthetic zeolites are often used in modified form to optimize the adsorption process. Carbonaceous materials represent another important class due to their non-polar nature. Polymers with multilevel structures containing sub-micron pores and interconnected mesopores can be used to eliminate hazardous pollutants. Biochar is also a potential adsorbent material. Carbon nanotubes – single-walled or multi-walled –are attracting high interest in research as a new adsorbent material. They can also be used in other sectors such as fiber reinforcement.

The Special Issue is also open to any new efficient techniques that are different from the mentioned examples.

Prof. Dr. Janos B. Nagy
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • waste waters
  • adsorption
  • zeolites
  • carbon nanotubes
  • biochar
  • photochemistry
  • new techniques

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 4194 KiB  
Article
Magnetized Activated Carbon Synthesized from Pomegranate Husk for Persulfate Activation and Degradation of 4-Chlorophenol from Wastewater
by Sousan Hadi, Ensiyeh Taheri, Mohammad Mehdi Amin, Ali Fatehizadeh and Mohamed Khayet
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(3), 1611; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12031611 - 3 Feb 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2103
Abstract
The compound 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) is known to be a highly toxic compound having harmful effects on human health and the environment. To date, the removal of 4-CP by advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) has attracted tremendous attentions. The persulfate-based AOPs show higher oxidation, better [...] Read more.
The compound 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) is known to be a highly toxic compound having harmful effects on human health and the environment. To date, the removal of 4-CP by advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) has attracted tremendous attentions. The persulfate-based AOPs show higher oxidation, better selectivity, wider pH range, and no secondary pollution compared to the traditional Fenton-based AOPs. Carbon materials with low cost and chemical stability are useful for the activation of persulfate (PS) to produce reactive species. Herein, we magnetized activated carbon synthesized from pomegranate husk (MPHAC). By using 4-CP as a model organic pollutant, tests of the activation of PS via MPHAC for the removal of 4-CP were performed. Batch processes were carried out to study the influence of different parameters (initial solution pH, catalyst dose, PS dose, and initial 4-CP concentration) on the adsorption of 4-CP on PHAC with ferric oxide (Fe3O4-PHAC). The results show that under the obtained optimal conditions (MPHAC dose: 1250 mg/L, PS dose: 350 mg/L, solution pH 5, an initial 4-CP concentration of 100 mg/L, and a contact time of 60 min), a 4-CP removal factor of 99.5% was reached by the developed MPHAC/PS system. In addition, it was found that reusing MPHAC in five successive cycles is feasible because the catalyst in the last cycle kept exhibiting a high potential for 4-CP absorption, indicating the economically viable procedure. Therefore, this study provides a comprehensive understanding on the degradation of 4-CP by the magnetized activated carbon persulfate system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Materials and Technology for Waste Water Treatment)
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14 pages, 1827 KiB  
Article
Chitosan Beads Incorporated with Graphene Oxide/Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles for Removing an Anionic Dye
by Moisés A. Solano, Johanna Galan, William Vallejo, Victoria A. Arana and Carlos David Grande-Tovar
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(20), 9439; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11209439 - 11 Oct 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2068
Abstract
Dyes present in industrial effluents have been treated by many methods, among which adsorption stands out for its high efficiency, low costs, simple operation processes, and the absence of hazardous byproducts. In this research, two adsorbents were obtained from chitosan beads (CS) cross-linked [...] Read more.
Dyes present in industrial effluents have been treated by many methods, among which adsorption stands out for its high efficiency, low costs, simple operation processes, and the absence of hazardous byproducts. In this research, two adsorbents were obtained from chitosan beads (CS) cross-linked with glutaraldehyde (GLA), graphene oxide (GO), and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2) for the adsorption of the anionic dye FD&C Red 40 used as a model pollutant. The optimum removal conditions of FD&C Red 40 dye using CS-TiO2-GLA beads were determined (pH = 1.73, TiO2 amount =279.77 mg, and initial dye concentration = 55.23 mg L−1) with a central composite design with surface response methodology (RSM). The effect of the graphene oxide (GO) in the adsorption properties of CS-TiO2-GLA beads was evaluated, showing a considerable improvement in the removal efficiency of the model dye. The intraparticle diffusion mechanism best described the adsorption kinetics for the two adsorbents. This research demonstrates the potential of chitosan beads incorporated with graphene oxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles to remove anionic contaminants from wastewater. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Materials and Technology for Waste Water Treatment)
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17 pages, 5052 KiB  
Article
Semi-Continuous Adsorption Processes with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for the Treatment of Water Contaminated by an Organic Textile Dye
by Pierantonio De Luca, Antonio Chiodo, Anastasia Macario, Carlo Siciliano and Jànos B.Nagy
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(4), 1687; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11041687 - 13 Feb 2021
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 2363
Abstract
Adsorbent columns, containing different amounts of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), in a semicontinuous process were studied. The optimal conditions for the discoloration of water contaminated by an azoic organic textile dye were investigated. In particular, as representative of contaminated water, a highly concentrated [...] Read more.
Adsorbent columns, containing different amounts of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), in a semicontinuous process were studied. The optimal conditions for the discoloration of water contaminated by an azoic organic textile dye were investigated. In particular, as representative of contaminated water, a highly concentrated solution of Reactive Black 5 (RB5) equal to 37 mg/L was utilized. A predetermined volume of dye solution, equal to 100 mL, was subjected to repeated cycles of adsorption until the eluted solution became colorless. This adsorption operation was carried out for different types of columns. Adsorbent performances as a function of characteristics of each column were investigated. For each column, the optimum quantity of MWCNTs, maximum volume of treatable solution, carbon usage rate (CUR), empty bed contact time (EBCT), and adsorption capacity were determined. The permeate was characterized by UV-VIS analysis and TOC analysis, while adsorbent material (MWCNTs) was characterized by thermogravimetric TG-DTA analysis. The column containing 2.5 g of carbon nanotubes was revealed to be the best one for the total amount of Reactive Black 5 adsorbed, i.e., 55 mg/g(MWCNTs) The research has shown the high adsorption efficiency of carbon nanotubes toward RB5 dye, highlighting the degradation of the dye molecule and the stratification, inside the columns, of the adsorbed compound. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Materials and Technology for Waste Water Treatment)
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