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Management and Control of Energy Storage Systems for Smart Grids...
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Management and Control of Energy Storage Systems for Smart Grids and Electric Propulsion Systems

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Science and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 May 2022) | Viewed by 25549

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Alessandro Serpi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Via Marengo 2, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
Interests: electric machines and drives, power electronics, energy storage systems, energy management systems, management and control systems, electric propulsion systems, microgrids
Dr. Mario Porru

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Via Marengo 2, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
Interests: electric propulsion systems; energy storage systems; energy management systems; e-mobility; microgrids; power electronics; renewable energy sources

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue aims to collect the most recent and promising advancements of energy storage systems for both smart grids and electric propulsion systems. Energy storage systems are widely recognized as a key-enabling technology for both these applications, as they can provide a variety of energy and power services to the electric grid as well as adequate performance during vehicle acceleration and regenerative braking, and high efficiency. Consequently, contributions on novel technologies, configurations, management, and control systems will be welcome. Hybrid solutions achieved by combining two or more energy storage technologies will be of particular interest, as well as novel and advanced energy management and control systems aimed at optimizing overall system performance.

Dr. Alessandro Serpi
Dr. Mario Porru
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Energy storage systems
  • Batteries
  • Ultracapacitors
  • Supercapacitors
  • Fuel Cells
  • Flywheel energy storage systems
  • Energy management systems
  • Hybrid energy storage systems
  • Electric propulsion systems
  • Microgrids
  • Smart grids

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 6605 KiB  
Article
A Novel Multiport DC-DC Converter for Enhancing the Design and Performance of Battery–Supercapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage Systems for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
by Ahmed M. Fares, Christian Klumpner and Mark Sumner
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(6), 2767; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12062767 - 8 Mar 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2456
Abstract
This paper proposes an integrated multiport non-isolated DC–DC converter system for integrating battery–supercapacitor hybrid energy storage with photovoltaics for solar-powered unmanned aerial vehicles applications. Compared to the traditional topologies used, the proposed converter allows a size reduction of at least 20% of the [...] Read more.
This paper proposes an integrated multiport non-isolated DC–DC converter system for integrating battery–supercapacitor hybrid energy storage with photovoltaics for solar-powered unmanned aerial vehicles applications. Compared to the traditional topologies used, the proposed converter allows a size reduction of at least 20% of the supercapacitor by maximizing the utilization of the rated energy capacity. In addition, by proposing to use a phase-shifted carrier modulation technique, the inductors’ current ripple is reduced, which enables a further reduction in the inductor size. These improvements in capability and performance of the proposed topology are experimentally validated on a 500 W PV/battery–supercapacitor integrated power system prototype. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management and Control of Energy Storage Systems for Smart Grids and Electric Propulsion Systems)
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16 pages, 3909 KiB  
Article
Energy Management in a Prosumer Installation Using Hybrid Systems Combining EV and Stationary Storages and Renewable Power Sources
by Paweł Kelm, Rozmysław Mieński and Irena Wasiak
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(11), 5003; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11115003 - 28 May 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2322
Abstract
Modern consumer installations can be equipped with renewable power sources (RESs) and stationary energy storage systems (ESSs). In addition, electric vehicles (EVs) are expected to become part of such installations in the not-too-distant future. The paper presents the control strategy that allows for [...] Read more.
Modern consumer installations can be equipped with renewable power sources (RESs) and stationary energy storage systems (ESSs). In addition, electric vehicles (EVs) are expected to become part of such installations in the not-too-distant future. The paper presents the control strategy that allows for efficient energy management and the option of EV “fast-home” charging. The novelty of this approach includes the use of the “time-dependent energy storage” (EV battery) together with ESS and PV sources with the focus on prosumer benefits. All goals can be achieved without the need for extensive expenses in the home electric infrastructure. To enable the synergy effect, it was necessary to develop a controller algorithm that uses the operating status of the prosumer infrastructure (current power generation and consumption), the state of charge of both the stationary storage and the EV battery, and the possibility to control the EV drive inverter during the parking state. The paper presents a developed simulator built in the PSCAD environment and the simulation results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management and Control of Energy Storage Systems for Smart Grids and Electric Propulsion Systems)
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19 pages, 7840 KiB  
Article
Energy Management and Control System Design of an Integrated Flywheel Energy Storage System for Residential Users
by Andrea Floris, Mario Porru, Alfonso Damiano and Alessandro Serpi
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(10), 4615; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11104615 - 18 May 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1979
Abstract
This paper presents the energy management and control system design of an integrated flywheel energy storage system (FESS) for residential users. The proposed FESS is able to draw/deliver 8 kWh at 8 kW, and relies on a large-airgap surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous machine, [...] Read more.
This paper presents the energy management and control system design of an integrated flywheel energy storage system (FESS) for residential users. The proposed FESS is able to draw/deliver 8 kWh at 8 kW, and relies on a large-airgap surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous machine, the inner rotor of which integrates a carbon-fiber flywheel, leading to a compact and efficient FESS. The proposed energy management system is based on four different operating modes, which are defined and can be selected in accordance with FESS speed and/or user’s preference, while FESS control system is devoted to power/current tracking at both machine- and grid-side converters. The effectiveness of the proposed solutions, as well as the overall energy performance of the proposed FESS, are verified by real-time simulations, which regard different operating conditions and/or realistic scenarios. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management and Control of Energy Storage Systems for Smart Grids and Electric Propulsion Systems)
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18 pages, 2364 KiB  
Article
Multi-Objective Electric Vehicles Scheduling Using Elitist Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm
by Hugo Morais, Tiago Sousa, Rui Castro and Zita Vale
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(22), 7978; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10227978 - 10 Nov 2020
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2487
Abstract
The introduction of electric vehicles (EVs) will have an important impact on global power systems, in particular on distribution networks. Several approaches can be used to schedule the charge and discharge of EVs in coordination with the other distributed energy resources connected on [...] Read more.
The introduction of electric vehicles (EVs) will have an important impact on global power systems, in particular on distribution networks. Several approaches can be used to schedule the charge and discharge of EVs in coordination with the other distributed energy resources connected on the network operated by the distribution system operator (DSO). The aggregators, as virtual power plants (VPPs), can help the system operator in the management of these distributed resources taking into account the network characteristics. In the present work, an innovative hybrid methodology using deterministic and the elitist nondominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) for the EV scheduling problem is proposed. The main goal is to test this method with two conflicting functions (cost and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions minimization) and performing a comparison with a deterministic approach. The proposed method shows clear advantages in relation to the deterministic method, namely concerning the execution time (takes only 2% of the time) without impacting substantially the obtained results in both objectives (less than 5%). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management and Control of Energy Storage Systems for Smart Grids and Electric Propulsion Systems)
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31 pages, 9744 KiB  
Article
Active Power Control of PV-Battery Connected MMC-HVDC System for FRT Support
by Md Ismail Hossain and Mohammad A. Abido
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(20), 7186; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10207186 - 15 Oct 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2328
Abstract
Modular multilevel converter (MMC)-based VSC system has become attractive around the world for renewable energy integration. Instead of a dynamic braking resistor, this work proposes an active power reduction technique for PV systems to support the fault ride through (FRT) of the MMC-HVDC [...] Read more.
Modular multilevel converter (MMC)-based VSC system has become attractive around the world for renewable energy integration. Instead of a dynamic braking resistor, this work proposes an active power reduction technique for PV systems to support the fault ride through (FRT) of the MMC-HVDC system. In addition, it develops a battery control strategy to improve transient performance during solar radiation and temperature change due to partial shading of the PV panels. Besides, a control technique for the battery to regulate the surplus energy in the HVDC transmission network is developed. Furthermore, the proposed control scheme optimally integrates solar energy using the modified incremental conductance method. A feedforward controller was employed to create a standalone AC grid. The complete system has been implemented in real-time digital simulation (RTDS). The results confirm the efficacy of active power reduction technique to protect the HVDC link voltage and battery control strategy for the improvement of transient performance during the irradiance and temperature changes. Besides, it improves the low voltage ride-through capability during balanced and unbalanced disturbances at the point of common coupling. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management and Control of Energy Storage Systems for Smart Grids and Electric Propulsion Systems)
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Review

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19 pages, 956 KiB  
Review
Hydrogen Production from Offshore Wind Parks: Current Situation and Future Perspectives
by Gonçalo Calado and Rui Castro
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(12), 5561; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11125561 - 16 Jun 2021
Cited by 66 | Viewed by 13140
Abstract
With the increase in renewable energy connected to the grid, new challenges arise due to its variable supply of power. Therefore, it is crucial to develop new methods of storing energy. Hydrogen can fulfil the role of energy storage and even act as [...] Read more.
With the increase in renewable energy connected to the grid, new challenges arise due to its variable supply of power. Therefore, it is crucial to develop new methods of storing energy. Hydrogen can fulfil the role of energy storage and even act as an energy carrier, since it has a much higher energetic density than batteries and can be easily stored. Considering that the offshore wind sector is facing significant growth and technical advances, hydrogen has the potential to be combined with offshore wind energy to aid in overcoming disadvantages such as the high installation cost of electrical transmission systems and transmission losses. This paper aims to outline and discuss the main features of the integration of hydrogen solutions in offshore wind power and to offer a literature review of the current state of hydrogen production from offshore wind. The paper provides a summary of the technologies involved in hydrogen production along with an analysis of two possible hydrogen producing systems from offshore wind energy. The analysis covers the system components, including hydrogen storage, the system configuration (i.e., offshore vs. onshore electrolyzer), and the potential uses of hydrogen, e.g., Power to Mobility, Power to Power, and Power to Gas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management and Control of Energy Storage Systems for Smart Grids and Electric Propulsion Systems)
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