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Bioengineering
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Advances in Thermal Therapy
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Advances in Thermal Therapy

A special issue of Bioengineering (ISSN 2306-5354). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomedical Engineering and Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 February 2025 | Viewed by 6805

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Aili Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
Interests: thermal treatment; thermal energy control; bioheat and mass modeling
Prof. Dr. Kai Yue

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
Interests: biological heat and mass transfer; blood and lymph flow; delivery of nanomedicine; thermal therapy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Thermal therapy is becoming more and more important in clinical applications as it plays significant role in achieving personalized and precise treatment of human diseases by taking advantages of efficient thermal effects with high safety and low complications. This Special Issue of Bioengineering, entitled “Advances in thermal therapy”, aims to explore new techniques and new findings in thermal therapy or treatments greatly enhanced by thermal energy.

The topics of interest of this Special Issue include, but are not limited to, the following:

  1. Clinical findings of tumor thermal treatment or thermally enhanced treatments;
  2. New findings on thermally enhanced treatments in chemotherapy, radiotherapy, gene therapy, immune therapy, etc.;
  3. New techniques for more accurate delivery of thermal energy.

Prof. Dr. Aili Zhang
Prof. Dr. Kai Yue
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Bioengineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • thermal treatments
  • thermal ablation
  • hyperthermia
  • cryosurgery
  • thermally enhanced treatment

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 6938 KiB  
Article
Safety and Effectiveness of Triple-Antenna Hepatic Microwave Ablation
by Nikola Bošković, Srdjan Nikolić, Branislav Radjenović and Marija Radmilović-Radjenović
Bioengineering 2024, 11(11), 1133; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11111133 - 11 Nov 2024
Viewed by 607
Abstract
Microwave ablation is becoming a standard procedure for treating tumors based on heat generation, causing an elevation in the tissue temperature level from 50 to 60 °C, causing tissue death. Microwave ablation is associated with uniform cell killing within ablation zones, multiple-antenna capability, [...] Read more.
Microwave ablation is becoming a standard procedure for treating tumors based on heat generation, causing an elevation in the tissue temperature level from 50 to 60 °C, causing tissue death. Microwave ablation is associated with uniform cell killing within ablation zones, multiple-antenna capability, low complication rates, and long-term survival. Several reports have demonstrated that multiple-antenna microwave ablation is a promising strategy for safely, rapidly, and effectively treating large tumors. The key advantage of multi-antenna tumor microwave ablation is the creation of a large, well-defined ablation zone without excessively long treatment times or high power that can damage healthy tissue. The strategic positioning of multiple probes provides a fully ablated volume, even in regions where individual probe damage is incomplete. Accurate modeling of the complex thermal and electromagnetic behaviors of tissue is critical for optimizing microwave ablation because material parameters and tissue responses can change significantly during the procedure. In the case of multi-antenna microwave ablation, the calculation complexity increases significantly, requiring significant computational resources and time. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of liver percutaneous microwave ablation using the simultaneous activation of three antennas for the treatment of lesions larger than 3 cm. Based on the known results from a single-probe setup, researchers can estimate and evaluate various spatial configurations of the three-probe array to identify the optimal arrangement. Due to the synergistic effects of the combined radiation from the three antennas, the resulting ablation zone can be significantly larger, leading to better outcomes in terms of treatment time and effectiveness. The obtained results revealed that volumetric damage and the amount of damaged healthy tissue are smaller for a three-antenna configuration than for microwave ablation using a single-antenna and two-antenna configurations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Thermal Therapy)
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27 pages, 7176 KiB  
Article
Helmet Radio Frequency Phased Array Applicators Enhance Thermal Magnetic Resonance of Brain Tumors
by Faezeh Rahimi, Bilguun Nurzed, Thomas W. Eigentler, Mostafa Berangi, Eva Oberacker, Andre Kuehne, Pirus Ghadjar, Jason M. Millward, Rolf Schuhmann and Thoralf Niendorf
Bioengineering 2024, 11(7), 733; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11070733 - 19 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1344
Abstract
Thermal Magnetic Resonance (ThermalMR) integrates Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) diagnostics and targeted radio-frequency (RF) heating in a single theranostic device. The requirements for MRI (magnetic field) and targeted RF heating (electric field) govern the design of ThermalMR applicators. We hypothesize that helmet RF [...] Read more.
Thermal Magnetic Resonance (ThermalMR) integrates Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) diagnostics and targeted radio-frequency (RF) heating in a single theranostic device. The requirements for MRI (magnetic field) and targeted RF heating (electric field) govern the design of ThermalMR applicators. We hypothesize that helmet RF applicators (HPA) improve the efficacy of ThermalMR of brain tumors versus an annular phased RF array (APA). An HPA was designed using eight broadband self-grounded bow-tie (SGBT) antennae plus two SGBTs placed on top of the head. An APA of 10 equally spaced SGBTs was used as a reference. Electromagnetic field (EMF) simulations were performed for a test object (phantom) and a human head model. For a clinical scenario, the head model was modified with a tumor volume obtained from a patient with glioblastoma multiforme. To assess performance, we introduced multi-target evaluation (MTE) to ensure whole-brain slice accessibility. We implemented time multiplexed vector field shaping to optimize RF excitation. Our EMF and temperature simulations demonstrate that the HPA improves performance criteria critical to MRI and enhances targeted RF and temperature focusing versus the APA. Our findings are a foundation for the experimental implementation and application of a HPA en route to ThermalMR of brain tumors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Thermal Therapy)
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14 pages, 3691 KiB  
Article
Multiphotonic Ablation and Electro-Capacitive Effects Exhibited by Candida albicans Biofilms
by Jose Alberto Arano-Martinez, José Alejandro Hernández-Benítez, Hilario Martines-Arano, Aída Verónica Rodríguez-Tovar, Martin Trejo-Valdez, Blanca Estela García-Pérez and Carlos Torres-Torres
Bioengineering 2024, 11(4), 333; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11040333 - 28 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1725
Abstract
This work reports the modification in the homogeneity of ablation effects with the assistance of nonlinear optical phenomena exhibited by C. albicans ATCC 10231, forming a biofilm. Equivalent optical energies with different levels of intensity were irradiated in comparative samples, and significant changes [...] Read more.
This work reports the modification in the homogeneity of ablation effects with the assistance of nonlinear optical phenomena exhibited by C. albicans ATCC 10231, forming a biofilm. Equivalent optical energies with different levels of intensity were irradiated in comparative samples, and significant changes were observed. Nanosecond pulses provided by an Nd:YAG laser system at a 532 nm wavelength in a single-beam experiment were employed to explore the photodamage and the nonlinear optical transmittance. A nonlinear optical absorption coefficient −2 × 10−6 cm/W was measured in the samples studied. It is reported that multiphotonic interactions can promote more symmetric optical damage derived by faster changes in the evolution of fractional photoenergy transference. The electrochemical response of the sample was studied to further investigate the electronic dynamics dependent on electrical frequency, and an electro-capacitive behavior in the sample was identified. Fractional differential calculations were proposed to describe the thermal transport induced by nanosecond pulses in the fungi media. These results highlight the nonlinear optical effects to be considered as a base for developing photothermally activated phototechnology and high-precision photodamage in biological systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Thermal Therapy)
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15 pages, 23985 KiB  
Article
Model-Optimizing Radiofrequency Parameters of 3D Finite Element Analysis for Ablation of Benign Thyroid Nodules
by Fabiano Bini, Andrada Pica, Franco Marinozzi, Alessandro Giusti, Andrea Leoncini and Pierpaolo Trimboli
Bioengineering 2023, 10(10), 1210; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10101210 - 17 Oct 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1598
Abstract
Radiofrequency (RF) ablation represents an efficient strategy to reduce the volume of thyroid nodules. In this study, a finite element model was developed with the aim of optimizing RF parameters, e.g., input power and treatment duration, in order to achieve the target volume [...] Read more.
Radiofrequency (RF) ablation represents an efficient strategy to reduce the volume of thyroid nodules. In this study, a finite element model was developed with the aim of optimizing RF parameters, e.g., input power and treatment duration, in order to achieve the target volume reduction rate (VRR) for a thyroid nodule. RF ablation is modelled as a coupled electro-thermal problem wherein the electric field is applied to induce tissue heating. The electric problem is solved with the Laplace equation, the temperature distribution is estimated with the Pennes bioheat equation, and the thermal damage is evaluated using the Arrhenius equation. The optimization model is applied to RF electrode with different active tip lengths in the interval from 5 mm to 40 mm at the 5 mm step. For each case, we also explored the influence of tumour blood perfusion rate on RF ablation outcomes. The model highlights that longer active tips are more efficient as they require lesser power and shorter treatment time to reach the target VRR. Moreover, this condition is characterized by a reduced transversal ablation zone. In addition, a higher blood perfusion increases the heat dispersion, requiring a different combination of RF power and time treatment to achieve the target VRR. The model may contribute to an improvement in patient-specific RF ablation treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Thermal Therapy)
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Review

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20 pages, 1349 KiB  
Review
Heating Induced Nanoparticle Migration and Enhanced Delivery in Tumor Treatment Using Nanotechnology
by Qimei Gu and Liang Zhu
Bioengineering 2024, 11(9), 900; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11090900 - 7 Sep 2024
Viewed by 925
Abstract
Nanoparticles have been developed as imaging contrast agents, heat absorbers to confine energy into targeted tumors, and drug carriers in advanced cancer treatment. It is crucial to achieve a minimal concentration of drug-carrying nanostructures or to induce an optimized nanoparticle distribution in tumors. [...] Read more.
Nanoparticles have been developed as imaging contrast agents, heat absorbers to confine energy into targeted tumors, and drug carriers in advanced cancer treatment. It is crucial to achieve a minimal concentration of drug-carrying nanostructures or to induce an optimized nanoparticle distribution in tumors. This review is focused on understanding how local or whole-body heating alters transport properties in tumors, therefore leading to enhanced nanoparticle delivery or optimized nanoparticle distributions in tumors. First, an overview of cancer treatment and the development of nanotechnology in cancer therapy is introduced. Second, the importance of particle distribution in one of the hyperthermia approaches using nanoparticles in damaging tumors is discussed. How intensive heating during nanoparticle hyperthermia alters interstitial space structure to induce nanoparticle migration in tumors is evaluated. The next section reviews major obstacles in the systemic delivery of therapeutic agents to targeted tumors due to unique features of tumor microenvironments. Experimental observations on how mild local or whole-body heating boosts systemic nanoparticle delivery to tumors are presented, and possible physiological mechanisms are explored. The end of this review provides the current challenges facing clinicians and researchers in designing effective and safe heating strategies to maximize the delivery of therapeutic agents to tumors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Thermal Therapy)
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