Mitochondria: The Signaling Organelle

A special issue of Biology (ISSN 2079-7737). This special issue belongs to the section "Biochemistry and Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 April 2025 | Viewed by 2195

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
Interests: mitochondrial biology; cell biology; metabolism; cancer biology; signal transduction

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Mitochondria have been aptly described as signaling organelles as they integrate cellular environmental cues to maintain homeostasis and as numerous signal transductions pathways both impinge upon and emanate from mitochondrial functions. Our understanding of mitochondria as signaling organelles in basic cell biology across species as well as in human health and disease is rapidly expanding. The purpose of this Special Issue is to collect what is known about mitochondrial signaling as both a hub for cellular homeostatic control and an integrator of signal transduction pathways.

This Special Issue welcomes research papers and reviews that cover a wide range of topics within the context of mitochondrial signaling. We aim for this Special Issue to highlight the foundational role of mitochondrial signaling from basic cell biology to applications in model organisms to involvement in human health and disease.

Dr. Nathan Lanning
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • mitochondria
  • signal transduction
  • homeostasis
  • metabolism
  • apoptosis
  • redox biology
  • organelle communication

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 1817 KiB  
Article
Differential Cellular Response to Mercury in Non-Farmed Fish Species Based on Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number Variation Analysis
by Marta Giuga, Venera Ferrito, Giada Santa Calogero, Anna Traina, Maria Bonsignore, Mario Sprovieri and Anna Maria Pappalardo
Biology 2024, 13(9), 691; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13090691 - 3 Sep 2024
Viewed by 399
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) pro-oxidant role on biological systems and its biogeochemical cycle represent a serious threat due to its persistence in marine environment. As the mitochondrial genome is exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS), the aim of the present study is the validation of [...] Read more.
Mercury (Hg) pro-oxidant role on biological systems and its biogeochemical cycle represent a serious threat due to its persistence in marine environment. As the mitochondrial genome is exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS), the aim of the present study is the validation of the variation in the number of mitochondrial DNA copies (mtDNAcn) as biomarker of oxidative stress in aquatic environment. During summer 2021, three selected fish species (Mullus barbatus, Diplodus annularis and Pagellus erythrinus) were collected in Augusta Bay, one of the most Mediterranean contaminated areas remarkable by past Hg inputs, and in a control area, both in the south-east of Sicily. The relative mtDNAcn was evaluated by qPCR on specimens of each species from both sites, characterized respectively by higher and lower Hg bioaccumulation. M. barbatus and P. erythrinus collected in Augusta showed a dramatic mtDNAcn reduction compared to their control groups while D. annularis showed an incredible mtDNAcn rising suggesting a higher resilience of this species. These results align with the mitochondrial dynamics of fission and fusion triggered by environmental toxicants. In conclusion, we suggest the implementation of the mtDNAcn variation as a valid tool for the early warning stress-related impacts in aquatic system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mitochondria: The Signaling Organelle)
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14 pages, 4627 KiB  
Article
Evidence for Selection on Mitochondrial OXPHOS Genes in the Mediterranean Killifish Aphanius fasciatus Valenciennes, 1821
by Anna Maria Pappalardo, Giada Santa Calogero, Radek Šanda, Marta Giuga and Venera Ferrito
Biology 2024, 13(4), 212; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13040212 - 25 Mar 2024
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Abstract
Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) genes are a system subject to selection under determined environmental constraints despite a neutral evolution model that has long been hypothesized for the mitochondrial genome. In this study, the sequences of ND1, Cytb, and COI OXPHOS genes [...] Read more.
Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) genes are a system subject to selection under determined environmental constraints despite a neutral evolution model that has long been hypothesized for the mitochondrial genome. In this study, the sequences of ND1, Cytb, and COI OXPHOS genes were analyzed in six populations of the eurythermal and euryhaline killifish A. fasciatus, to detect non-synonymous mutations leading to amino acid changes and to check whether selection acted on them using tests of recombination and selection. The results indicate a high COI and Cytb gene diversity and a high percentage of private haplotypes in all populations. In the Greek population, non-synonymous nucleotide substitutions were observed in the N-terminal region of COI and Cytb. Positively selected sites were also found. The information we obtained from the mitochondrial DNA sequences of A. fasciatus adds to the growing data on selective pressure acting on mitochondrial DNA in non-model species. These results should be explored from the perspective of the local adaptation of eurythermal and euryhaline species and supported using experimental evidence to better understand the interplay between historical climatic events and local adaptation and how each of them contributes to shaping the genetic structure of this species. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mitochondria: The Signaling Organelle)
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