B and T Cells in HIV and Other Viral Infections
A special issue of Biology (ISSN 2079-7737). This special issue belongs to the section "Infection Biology".
Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 February 2025 | Viewed by 969
Special Issue Editor
Special Issue Information
Dear Colleagues,
The induction of effective adaptive immune responses and the establishment of immune memory are critical for combating viral infections. So far, worldwide efforts to develop vaccines that can elicit antiviral antibody responses against viruses, including measles virus, rubella virus, varicella zoster virus, poliovirus, hepatitis B virus, influenza virus, and SARS-CoV-2, have been successful. Notably, the recent COVID-19 pandemic provided us with a large volume of data that enabled us to better understand the dynamics of B cells in response to viral infection.
On the other hand, the difficulty associated with inducing broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1 due to Env's structural and highly mutable nature is an obstacle to developing an HIV-1 vaccine. HIV-1 infects and destroys helper CD4 T cells that should otherwise induce effective B-cell and antibody responses. Furthermore, HIV infection causes the alteration of B-cell populations, leading to the numerical and functional impairment of those cells. The other indispensable effector against viral infection is cellular immunity. Functional virus-specific cytotoxic T-cell responses are important to control HIV and other viral infections. However, the vaccine induction of effective CD8+ T-cell responses against HIV and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) remains a challenge.
In chronic viral infection, prolonged viral replication can lead to chronic immune activation and inflammation that mediate pathological conditions such as atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases, which can be summarized as accelerated aging. In such a case, anti-inflammatory treatment could aid in the control of disease symptoms and improve life expectancy.
This Special Issue welcomes the submission of manuscripts that describe the biological interactions between viruses and the host’s adaptive immunity. These host species are not limited to homo sapiens but include other mammalian species such as monkeys, rats, mice, chickens, and so forth, regardless of whether they are used as models of human diseases. We look forward to receiving your submissions.
Dr. Tetsuo Tsukamoto
Guest Editor
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Keywords
- B cells
- T cells
- adaptive immunity
- humoral immunity
- cellular immunity
- mucosal immunity
- anti-viral immunity
- broadly neutralizing antibodies
- vaccine
- immunological memory
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