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Biomedicines
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Latest Advancements in Radiotherapy
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Latest Advancements in Radiotherapy

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular and Translational Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2025 | Viewed by 2176

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Moshi Geso

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Discipline of Medical Radiations, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
Interests: nanoparticles; radiation; radiotherapy; radiology; dose; radio-sensitization; ionizing radiations; theranostic; radiobiology; non-ionizing radiation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Radiotherapy is normally a treatment method for more than 60% of cancer patients, alongside either surgery or chemotherapy or in combination. This common cancer treatment procedure is based on technological and radiobiological advancements.

This Special Issue will comprise research outputs of both the latest technological developments and/or physics-based studies of radiotherapy, such as dosimetry. Additionally, it will include research studies based on radiobiological advancements.

Another aspect of this Special Issue will be its inclusion of studies employing nanotechnology to improve the quality and efficiency of radiotherapy. This could involve the application of nanoparticles to enhance radiotherapy doses delivered to tumors. Moreover, this Special Issue will also accept research works investigating the latest radiotherapy advancements, such as FLASH beams and studies investigating various beams employed in radiotherapy.

Dr. Moshi Geso
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomedicines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • radiobiology
  • dosimetry
  • nanoparticles
  • FLASH
  • radiation

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 886 KB  
Communication
A Biological-Driven Approach to Explore Dose-Escalated Ultra-Hypofractionation in Breast Cancer Radiotherapy
by Marco Calvaruso, Denis Panizza, Riccardo Ray Colciago, Valeria Faccenda, Gaia Pucci, Elena De Ponti, Giusi Irma Forte, Giorgio Russo, Luigi Minafra and Stefano Arcangeli
Biomedicines 2025, 13(9), 2154; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13092154 - 4 Sep 2025
Viewed by 612
Abstract
To explore a more personalized approach to radiation therapy for adjuvant whole-breast irradiation in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), we analyzed the cell lines BT549 and MDA-MB-231 as in vitro models for radiobiological characterization. The local disease-free survival (LSR) values were determined for both [...] Read more.
To explore a more personalized approach to radiation therapy for adjuvant whole-breast irradiation in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), we analyzed the cell lines BT549 and MDA-MB-231 as in vitro models for radiobiological characterization. The local disease-free survival (LSR) values were determined for both cell lines’ median, maximum, and minimum α and β parameters to achieve an LSR probability of close to 100% in a five-fraction schedule. Based on these findings, fifteen treatment plans were created for BC to simulate the proposed dose schedule. For the MDA-MB-231 cell line, the α/β ratios were 3.79 Gy (minimum), 15 Gy (maximum), and 7 Gy (median). For the BT-549 cell line, the α/β ratios were 5.95 Gy (minimum), 22.93 Gy (maximum), and 16.51 Gy (median). To achieve an LSR probability of close to 100%, the required doses per fraction were 5.2 Gy, 5.3 Gy, and 7.3 Gy for MDA-MB-231 and 8 Gy, 9.1 Gy, and 9.9 Gy for BT-549. We selected the highest dose per fraction, 9.9 Gy × 5, to simulate the worst-case scenario. To achieve 100% cell death effectiveness in TNBC, it is likely that higher radiation doses are required—doses that are not feasible within the setting of adjuvant whole-breast irradiation. Our model, which relies on the intrinsic biological features of the tumor, paves the way to reach more tailored RT plans and to improve the classic LQ model. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Advancements in Radiotherapy)
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10 pages, 627 KB  
Communication
Tissue-Cultured Chondrocytes Survive After Irradiation in 1300 Gy Dose
by Denis Baranovskii, Anna Smirnova, Anna Yakimova, Anastas Kisel, Sergey Koryakin, Dmitrii Atiakshin, Michael Ignatyuk, Mikhail Potievskiy, Vyacheslav Saburov, Sergey Budnik, Yana Sulina, Vasiliy N. Stepanenko, Roman Churyukin, Bagavdin Akhmedov, Peter Shegay, Andrey D. Kaprin and Ilya Klabukov
Biomedicines 2025, 13(9), 2153; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13092153 - 4 Sep 2025
Viewed by 439
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Radiobiology has shown heterogeneity in the sensitivity of cells to ionizing radiation, depending on a variety of conditions. The presence of an extracellular matrix (ECM) appears to confer a radioprotective effect on cells and can influence the cellular microenvironment by modulating [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Radiobiology has shown heterogeneity in the sensitivity of cells to ionizing radiation, depending on a variety of conditions. The presence of an extracellular matrix (ECM) appears to confer a radioprotective effect on cells and can influence the cellular microenvironment by modulating the availability of oxygen and nutrients, which can affect cellular metabolism and stress responses. A three-dimensional cell culture allows the synergistic effect on cell survival to be obtained based not only on the radioprotective properties of the extracellular matrix but also on the stress-resistant endogenous properties of the cell culture. The aim of this study was to investigate the survival of chondrocytes in a 3D cell culture during high-dose ionizing irradiation. Methods: The properties of nasal chondrocytes were evaluated using a pellet culture model in which the cells were surrounded by a de novo synthesized extracellular matrix. Tissue cultures were exposed by gamma radiation at doses of 10, 100, and 1300 Gy. Cell viability was assessed after 2 days of irradiation by live/dead staining using confocal scanning laser microscopy. Results: Tissue-cultured chondrocytes survive after gamma-irradiation of low (10 Gy), medium (100 Gy), and high (1300 Gy) dosages; however, after irradiation of 1300 Gy, the percentage of surviving cells was lower. The average percentages of viable cells were evaluated as 82%, 79%, and 63% in low-, medium-, and high-dose groups, respectively. Conclusions: Under determined conditions, human cells are able to survive at doses of ionizing radiation that are significantly higher than the current limits. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Advancements in Radiotherapy)
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Figure 1

21 pages, 4150 KB  
Article
Novel Cerium- and Terbium-Doped Gadolinium Fluoride Nanoparticles as Radiosensitizers with Pronounced Radiocatalytic Activity
by Nikita A. Pivovarov, Danil D. Kolmanovich, Nikita N. Chukavin, Irina V. Savintseva, Nelli R. Popova, Alexander E. Shemyakov, Arina D. Filippova, Maria A. Teplonogova, Alexandra V. Yurkovskaya, Ivan. V. Zhukov, Azamat Y. Akkizov and Anton L. Popov
Biomedicines 2025, 13(7), 1537; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13071537 - 24 Jun 2025
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Abstract
Background: The use of nanoradiosensitizers is a promising strategy for the precision enhancement of tumor tissue damage during radiotherapy. Methods: Here, we propose a novel biocompatible theranostic agent based on gadolinium fluoride doped with cerium and terbium (Gd0.7Ce0.2Tb0.1 [...] Read more.
Background: The use of nanoradiosensitizers is a promising strategy for the precision enhancement of tumor tissue damage during radiotherapy. Methods: Here, we propose a novel biocompatible theranostic agent based on gadolinium fluoride doped with cerium and terbium (Gd0.7Ce0.2Tb0.1F3 NPs), which showed pronounced radiocatalytic activity when exposed to photon or proton beam irradiation, as well as remarkable MRI contrast ability. A scheme for the production of biocompatible colloidally stable Gd0.7Ce0.2Tb0.1F3 NPs was developed. Comprehensive physicochemical characterization of these NPs was carried out, including TEM, SEM, XRD, DLS, and EDX analyses, as well as UV–vis spectroscopy and MRI relaxation assays. Results: Cytotoxicity analysis of Gd0.7Ce0.2Tb0.1F3 NPs in vitro and in vivo revealed a high level of biocompatibility. It was shown that Gd0.7Ce0.2Tb0.1F3 NPs effectively accumulate in MCF-7 tumor cells. A study of their radiosensitizing activity demonstrated that the combined effect of Gd0.7Ce0.2Tb0.1F3 NPs and X-ray irradiation leads to a dose-dependent decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, a sharp increase in the level of intracellular ROS, and the subsequent development of radiation-induced apoptosis. Conclusions: This outstanding radiosensitizing effect is explained by the radiocatalytic generation of reactive oxygen species by the nanoparticles, which goes beyond direct physical dose enhancement. It emphasizes the importance of evaluating the molecular mechanisms underlying the sensitizing effectiveness of potential nanoradiosensitizers before choosing conditions for their testing in in vivo models. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Advancements in Radiotherapy)
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