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Biomedicines
Special Issues
Impact of Microbiota in Response to Therapy
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Impact of Microbiota in Response to Therapy

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Microbiology in Human Health and Disease".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2024 | Viewed by 5756

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Mauro Cataldi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Pharmacology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
Interests: geriatric pharmacology; precision medicine; therapy optimization; pharmacomicrobiomics; pharmanutrition
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The human microbiota consists of trillions of microorganisms (mainly bacteria, fungi and archaea) that live in a commensal status in several niches of the body, of which the gut is the most important and extensively investigated. The microorganisms of the human microbiota are not just passive and inactive colonizers but interact with their hosts by affecting physiologically relevant processes. Alterations in the composition of human microbiota occur in several human diseases and contribute to their pathogenesis. Therefore, interventions aiming to restore the normal microbiota have been proven effective in the treatment or prevention of a heterogeneous group of diseases. In addition, evidence is emerging that human microbiota may also influence the response to pharmacological therapy by multiple, diverse mechanisms such as the presystemic metabolism of orally administered drugs, immune modulation, regulation of the permeability of the intestinal mucosa and release of biologically active mediators in the general circulation. These findings configure an intriguing scenario in which microbiota- and patient-targeting therapies reciprocally interact in the process of disease treatment. This Special Issue intends to offer an updated overview of what is known already and what is currently being investigated in this new field of combined patient/microbiota-targeting treatments. It aims to do so by evaluating, for instance, how these two different therapeutic approaches may synergize to achieve an improvement in the disease, or how patient microbiota should be considered a new factor in tailoring patient pharmacological treatment from a precision medicine perspective. Both review papers and original articles also including animal or in vitro studies, clinical trials, observational studies and case reports are welcome.

Dr. Mauro Cataldi

Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomedicines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • precision medicine
  • pharmacomicrobiomics
  • microbiota
  • pharmacokinetics
  • pharmacodynamics
  • bioavailability

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 3061 KiB  
Article
Time-Dependent Shifts in Intestinal Bacteriome, Klebsiella Colonization and Incidence of Antibiotic-Resistance Genes after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
by Oleg V. Goloshchapov, Alexey B. Chukhlovin, Dmitrii E. Polev, Yury A. Eismont, Dmitry S. Bug, Alexey V. Kusakin, Oleg V. Kosarev, Ruslana V. Klementeva, Vladimir V. Gostev, Vladimir A. Ageevets, Nikita P. Volkov, Anastasia S. Ipatova, Ivan S. Moiseev, Anna A. Spiridonova, Sergey V. Sidorenko and Alexander D. Kulagin
Biomedicines 2024, 12(7), 1566; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12071566 - 15 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1306
Abstract
Dose-intensive cytostatic therapy and antibiotic treatment in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) cause severe abnormalities in a composition of gut microbiota as well as the emergence of antibiotic resistance. The data on the longitudinal recovery of major bacterial phyla and the expansion [...] Read more.
Dose-intensive cytostatic therapy and antibiotic treatment in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) cause severe abnormalities in a composition of gut microbiota as well as the emergence of antibiotic resistance. The data on the longitudinal recovery of major bacterial phyla and the expansion of genes associated with antibiotic resistance are limited. We collected regular stool samples during the first year after allo-HSCT from 12 adult patients with oncohematological disorders after allo-HSCT and performed 16SrRNA sequencing, multiplex PCR, conventional bacteriology and CHROMagar testing. We observed a decline in Shannon microbiota diversity index as early as day 0 of allo-HSCT (p = 0.034) before any administration of antibiotics, which persisted up to 1 year after transplantation, when the Shannon index returned to pre-transplant levels (p = 0.91). The study confirmed the previously shown decline in Bacillota (Firmicutes) genera and the expansion of E. coli/Shigella, Klebsiella and Enterococci. The recovery of Firmicutes was slower than that of other phyla and occurred only a year post-transplant. A positive correlation was observed between the expansion of E. coli/Shigella genera and blaKPC, blaCTX-M-1 and blaTEM (p < 0.001), Klebsiella spp. and blaOXA-48-like, blaNDM, blaCTX-M-1, blaTEM, and blaSHV (p < 0.001), Pseudomonas spp. and blaNDM (p = 0.002), Enterococcus spp. and blaOXA-48-like, blaNDM, blaCTX-M-1, blaSHV (p < 0.01). The correlation was observed between the expansion of Enterobacterales and and carbapenemase-positive CHROMagar samples (p < 0.001). Samples positive for carbapenem-resitant bacteria were at their maximum levels on day +30, and were gradually diminishing one year after allo-HSCT. From day +30 to +60, all isolated K. pneumoniae strains in fecal samples proved to be resistant to the main antibiotic groups (carbapenems, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, third-generation cephalosporins). One year after HSCT, we documented the spontaneous decolonization of K. pneumoniae. The sensitivity of molecular biology techniques in the search for total and antibiotic-resistant Klebsiella seems to be superior to common bacteriological cultures. Future studies should be focused on searching for novel approaches to the efficient reconstitution and/or maintenance of strictly anaerobic microbiota in oncological patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Microbiota in Response to Therapy)
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Review

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20 pages, 724 KiB  
Review
Proton Pump Inhibitors and Oral–Gut Microbiota: From Mechanism to Clinical Significance
by Xian Zhang, Qing Li, Siyuan Xia, Yan He, Yuqiang Liu, Jinlin Yang and Xue Xiao
Biomedicines 2024, 12(10), 2271; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12102271 - 7 Oct 2024
Viewed by 712
Abstract
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are some of the most commonly prescribed drugs worldwide, but there are increasing concerns about digestive complications linked to PPIs. Next-generation sequencing studies have suggested that PPIs can significantly affect the composition of the gut microbiota, which in turn [...] Read more.
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are some of the most commonly prescribed drugs worldwide, but there are increasing concerns about digestive complications linked to PPIs. Next-generation sequencing studies have suggested that PPIs can significantly affect the composition of the gut microbiota, which in turn may substantially contribute to the development of these complications. Recently, emerging evidence has suggested that the translocation of oral microbes into the gut may be the primary mechanism underlying the alterations in the gut microbiota induced by PPIs in the presence of gastric acid suppression and impaired oral–gut barrier function. Moreover, the significance of oral–gut microbial translocation in health and disease conditions has gained increasing recognition. Consequently, it is imperative to enhance our understanding of the functions of the oral–gut microbiota axis in digestive disorders associated with PPI therapies. This review aims to summarize current research findings and further elucidate the contribution of the oral–gut microbiota to the pathogenesis of PPI-related digestive diseases. We aim to provide a theoretical foundation for future therapeutic and preventive strategies targeting PPI-related digestive complications through modulation of the oral–gut microbiota. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Microbiota in Response to Therapy)
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19 pages, 5854 KiB  
Review
Mechanisms and Clinical Implications of Human Gut Microbiota-Drug Interactions in the Precision Medicine Era
by Shuaiqi Wang, Dianwen Ju and Xian Zeng
Biomedicines 2024, 12(1), 194; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12010194 - 16 Jan 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3398
Abstract
The human gut microbiota, comprising trillions of microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal tract, has emerged as a pivotal player in modulating various aspects of human health and disease. Recent research has shed light on the intricate relationship between the gut microbiota and pharmaceuticals, [...] Read more.
The human gut microbiota, comprising trillions of microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal tract, has emerged as a pivotal player in modulating various aspects of human health and disease. Recent research has shed light on the intricate relationship between the gut microbiota and pharmaceuticals, uncovering profound implications for drug metabolism, efficacy, and safety. This review depicted the landscape of molecular mechanisms and clinical implications of dynamic human gut Microbiota-Drug Interactions (MDI), with an emphasis on the impact of MDI on drug responses and individual variations. This review also discussed the therapeutic potential of modulating the gut microbiota or harnessing its metabolic capabilities to optimize clinical treatments and advance personalized medicine, as well as the challenges and future directions in this emerging field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Microbiota in Response to Therapy)
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