Medications for the Treatment of Diabetes

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Endocrinology and Metabolism Research".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2024) | Viewed by 893

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Diabetes is a chronic disease that develops when the pancreas cannot produce enough insulin, or when the body cannot effectively use that insulin well. To our knowledge, diabetes can be divided into type 1 and type 2. Insulin medication is the most common treatment for type 1 diabetes. However, if individuals have type 2 diabetes their body can still make insulin but can no longer use it well. Most medications for type 2 diabetes are oral drugs, such as insulin, Biguanides, Dopamine-2 agonist, Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 receptor agonists), Meglitinides, Sodium-glucose transporter (SGLT) 2 inhibitors, Sulfonylureas, and Thiazolidinediones. To date, a high prevalence of diabetes has been found in developed countries, and the risk factors for diabetes have been identified as age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, and comorbidities, including peripheral vascular disease and hypertension. Some medications for diabetes may highten the patient’s risk of developing other diseases. Particularly, dementia can also occur after a person has lived with diabetes for many years. Thus, new questions are emerging that need to be answered. The aim of this Special Issue is to understand the state of the art and the latest advances in the medications and treatment of diabetes, and how we may further improve the prognosis of diabetes.

Dr. I-Shiang Tzeng
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • diabetes
  • insulin
  • oral drugs
  • Biguanides
  • medications
  • antidiabetic drugs

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

24 pages, 3239 KiB  
Review
Novel Factors Regulating Proliferation, Migration, and Differentiation of Fibroblasts, Keratinocytes, and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells during Wound Healing
by Jacob Smith and Vikrant Rai
Biomedicines 2024, 12(9), 1939; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12091939 - 23 Aug 2024
Viewed by 651
Abstract
Chronic diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a significant complication of diabetes mellitus, often leading to amputation, increased morbidity, and a substantial financial burden. Even with the advancements in the treatment of DFU, the risk of amputation still exists, and this occurs due to [...] Read more.
Chronic diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a significant complication of diabetes mellitus, often leading to amputation, increased morbidity, and a substantial financial burden. Even with the advancements in the treatment of DFU, the risk of amputation still exists, and this occurs due to the presence of gangrene and osteomyelitis. Nonhealing in a chronic DFU is due to decreased angiogenesis, granulation tissue formation, and extracellular matrix remodeling in the presence of persistent inflammation. During wound healing, the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and keratinocytes play a critical role in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, angiogenesis, and epithelialization. The molecular factors regulating the migration, proliferation, and differentiation of these cells are scarcely discussed in the literature. The literature review identifies the key factors influencing the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which are critical in wound healing. This is followed by a discussion on the various novel factors regulating the migration, proliferation, and differentiation of these cells but not in the context of wound healing; however, they may play a role. Using a network analysis, we examined the interactions between various factors, and the findings suggest that the novel factors identified may play a significant role in promoting angiogenesis, granulation tissue formation, and extracellular matrix remodeling during wound healing or DFU healing. However, these interactions warrant further investigation to establish their role alone or synergistically. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Medications for the Treatment of Diabetes)
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