Gut Microbiota, Diet, and Immunity: Investigating the Connections and Implications for Disease Development: 2nd Edition

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Microbiology in Human Health and Disease".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 January 2025 | Viewed by 452

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Guest Editor
Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
Interests: diet-induced inflammation; nutrition and inflammation; diet and gut microbiota; oxidative stress and antioxidants; dietary bioactive compounds
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The interplay between gut microbiota, dietary factors, and immune responses has emerged as a critical area of research with profound implications for understanding disease development. This Special Issue delves into the intricate connections between the gut microbiota, dietary patterns/intakes/habits, and the immune system, aiming to shed light on the multifaceted relationships that contribute to health and disease.

The gut microbiota, a diverse ecosystem of microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal tract, plays a pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis and influencing various physiological processes. Recent advances in microbiome research have unveiled the impact of diet on shaping the composition and functionality of gut microbes. This Special Issue explores how dietary choices/patterns/intakes/habits, including nutrients and bioactive compounds, modulate the gut microbiota and subsequently impact immune function.

Understanding the bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and the immune system is crucial for unraveling the mechanisms underlying disease susceptibility and resilience. Articles featured in this Special Issue will cover a spectrum of topics, including the role of gut microbiota in immune system development, the influence of dietary patterns on microbial diversity, and the immunomodulatory effects of specific nutrients.

Furthermore, the implications of dysbiosis—an imbalance in the gut microbiota—on immune-related diseases will be addressed. Contributors will investigate how disruptions in the delicate equilibrium of the gut ecosystem, often driven by poor dietary habits, may contribute to the pathogenesis of various disorders, such as inflammatory bowel diseases, autoimmune conditions, and metabolic syndromes.

The overarching goal of this Special Issue is to consolidate current knowledge, present cutting-edge research findings, and stimulate further exploration into the complex interconnections between gut microbiota, diet, and immunity. By fostering a comprehensive understanding of these relationships, we aim to provide insights that may guide the development of targeted interventions and therapeutic strategies for preventing and managing diseases associated with a dysregulated gut microbiota and immune responses.

Researchers, clinicians, and professionals across disciplines are invited to contribute their expertise to advance our understanding of the pivotal role played by the gut microbiota, diet, and immunity in health and disease.

Contributions from every corner of biomedicine, such as biochemistry, molecular biology, physiology, pathology, microbiology, cell biology, toxicology, pharmacology, virology, bacteriology, immunology, genetics, and embryology, are welcome. However, reports must be based on serum/blood/circulating investigations and be chemically well-defined. Outstanding cellular or animal models may be considered. Even if not associated with serum metabolites, gut microbiota results are welcome.

Dr. Farhad Vahid
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • gut microbiota
  • diet
  • immunity
  • microbiome
  • dysbiosis
  • inflammatory bowel diseases
  • cancer
  • CVD
  • T2D
  • obesity
  • overweight
  • autoimmune diseases
  • metabolic syndromes
  • immunomodulation
  • microbial diversity
  • nutrient–gut microbiota interactions
  • probiotics
  • prebiotics
  • immune system development
  • disease susceptibility
  • therapeutic interventions
  • host–microbe interactions
  • gut–brain axis
  • microbial metabolites
  • precision nutrition

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22 pages, 3201 KiB  
Article
The Association between Gut Microbiota and Serum Biomarkers in Children with Atopic Dermatitis
by Irina G. Kalashnikova, Alexandra I. Nekrasova, Anna V. Korobeynikova, Maria M. Bobrova, German A. Ashniev, Sirozhdin Yu. Bakoev, Angelica V. Zagainova, Mariya V. Lukashina, Larisa R. Tolkacheva, Ekaterina S. Petryaikina, Alexander S. Nekrasov, Sergey I. Mitrofanov, Tatyana A. Shpakova, Lidiya V. Frolova, Natalya V. Bulanova, Ekaterina A. Snigir, Vladimir E. Mukhin, Vladimir S. Yudin, Valentin V. Makarov, Anton A. Keskinov and Sergey M. Yudinadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Biomedicines 2024, 12(10), 2351; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12102351 (registering DOI) - 15 Oct 2024
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Abstract
Background. Currently, it is known that the gut microbiota plays an important role in the functioning of the immune system, and a rebalancing of the bacterial community can arouse complex immune reactions and lead to immune-mediated responses in an organism, in particular, the [...] Read more.
Background. Currently, it is known that the gut microbiota plays an important role in the functioning of the immune system, and a rebalancing of the bacterial community can arouse complex immune reactions and lead to immune-mediated responses in an organism, in particular, the development of atopic dermatitis (AD). Cytokines and chemokines are regulators of the innate and adaptive immune response and represent the most important biomarkers of the immune system. It is known that changes in cytokine profiles are a hallmark of many diseases, including atopy. However, it remains unclear how the bacterial imbalance disrupts the function of the immune response in AD. Objectives. We attempted to determine the role of gut bacteria in modulating cytokine pathways and their role in atopic inflammation. Methods. We sequenced the 16S rRNA gene from 50 stool samples of children aged 3–12 years who had confirmed atopic dermatitis, and 50 samples from healthy children to serve as a control group. To evaluate the immune status, we conducted a multiplex immunofluorescence assay and measured the levels of 41 cytokines and chemokines in the serum of all participants. Results. To find out whether changes in the composition of the gut microbiota were significantly associated with changes in the level of inflammatory cytokines, a correlation was calculated between each pair of bacterial family and cytokine. In the AD group, 191 correlations were significant (Spearman’s correlation coefficient, p ≤ 0.05), 85 of which were positive and 106 which were negative. Conclusions. It has been demonstrated that intestinal dysbiosis is associated with alterations in cytokine profiles, specifically an increase in proinflammatory cytokine concentrations. This may indicate a systemic impact of these conditions, leading to an imbalance in the immune system’s response to the Th2 type. As a result, atopic conditions may develop. Additionally, a correlation between known AD biomarkers (IL-5, IL-8, IL-13, CCL22, IFN-γ, TNF-α) and alterations in the abundance of bacterial families (Pasteurellaceae, Barnesiellaceae, Eubacteriaceae) was observed. Full article
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