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Relationship between Serum Metabolites and Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Gut...
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Relationship between Serum Metabolites and Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Gut Microbiota

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Immunology and Immunotherapy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2023) | Viewed by 19874

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Farhad Vahid

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
Interests: diet-induced inflammation; nutrition and inflammation; diet and gut microbiota; oxidative stress and antioxidants; dietary bioactive compounds
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Evidence shows that serum/circulating metabolites play a critical role in preventing, controlling, and treating chronic non-communicable diseases such as CVD and cancers. However, limited studies have been carried out on the relationship between serum dietary metabolites, focusing on the causative mechanisms of these diseases, associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, and gut microbiota. Investigating the circulating metabolic intermediates that may predict the risk of disease will help us to better understand the development of disease and develop methods to control or treat them. Additionally, suggesting a molecular basis for chronic non-communicable diseases based on clinical findings (e.g., serum/blood) is one of the areas that needs to be expanded, and the subsequent results will be helpful in better understanding the bio-development of diseases and the creation of therapeutic hypotheses. This Special Issue aims to publish quality articles examining between serum dietary metabolites and oxidative stress, inflammation, and gut microbiota. Contributions from every corner of biomedicine, including food chemistry, biochemistry, molecular biology, anatomy, physiology, pathology, microbiology, cell biology, toxicology, pharmacology, epidemiology, virology, bacteriology, immunology, genetics, embryology, etc., are welcome. However, reports must be based on serum/blood/circulating investigations, and be chemically well-defined. Outstanding cellular or animal models may be considered. Even if not associated with serum metabolites, gut microbiota results are welcome.

Dr. Farhad Vahid
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • antioxidants
  • polyphenol
  • gut dysbiosis
  • anti-inflammation
  • microbiome
  • phytochemical compounds
  • dietary bioactive compounds
  • reactive oxygen species
  • reactive nitrogen species

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 492 KiB  
Article
Malondialdehyde, Antioxidant Defense System Components and Their Relationship with Anthropometric Measures and Lipid Metabolism Biomarkers in Apparently Healthy Women
by Linas Černiauskas, Asta Mažeikienė, Eglė Mazgelytė, Eglė Petrylaitė, Aušra Linkevičiūtė-Dumčė, Neringa Burokienė and Dovilė Karčiauskaitė
Biomedicines 2023, 11(9), 2450; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11092450 - 3 Sep 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1434
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Since atherosclerosis, an inflammatory, lipid-driven disease, is an underlying basis for the development of cardiovascular disease, it is important to understand its relationship with confounding factors, such as oxidative lipid degradation. In contrast, circulating [...] Read more.
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Since atherosclerosis, an inflammatory, lipid-driven disease, is an underlying basis for the development of cardiovascular disease, it is important to understand its relationship with confounding factors, such as oxidative lipid degradation. In contrast, circulating antioxidants prevent oxidative lipid damage, and therefore, may be associated with reduced development of atherosclerosis. We aimed to assess oxidative lipid degradation biomarker malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant defense system components, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibition rate levels, in healthy women and evaluate their relationships with age, anthropometric measures, and lipid metabolism biomarkers. The study included 86 healthy middle-aged women. MDA in human serum samples was evaluated by HPLC, and the TAC and SOD inhibition rates were measured by photometric methods. MDA was found to be associated with age, total cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein B and triacylglycerols. TAC was shown to be associated with age, BMI, and waist circumference, as well as lipid metabolism biomarkers apolipoprotein B and triacylglycerol, while SOD inhibition rate was only associated with total cholesterol, apolipoprotein B and triacylglycerols. In conclusion, the association of oxidative status indices, MDA, TAC and SOD, with cardiovascular risk factors suggests that they could be additional useful biomarkers in the research of aging, obesity, and atherosclerosis pathogenesis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Relationship between Serum Metabolites and Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Gut Microbiota)
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16 pages, 4326 KiB  
Article
Dental Pulp-Derived Stem Cells Reduce Inflammation, Accelerate Wound Healing and Mediate M2 Polarization of Myeloid Cells
by Sarah Anderson, Prateeksha Prateeksha and Hiranmoy Das
Biomedicines 2022, 10(8), 1999; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10081999 - 17 Aug 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2035
Abstract
This work aimed to validate the potential use of dental pulp-derived stem cells (DPSCs) for the treatment of inflammation by defining their mechanisms of action. We planned to investigate whether priming of DPSC with proinflammatory molecules had any impact on their behavior and [...] Read more.
This work aimed to validate the potential use of dental pulp-derived stem cells (DPSCs) for the treatment of inflammation by defining their mechanisms of action. We planned to investigate whether priming of DPSC with proinflammatory molecules had any impact on their behavior and function. In the first step of our validation in vitro, we showed that priming of DPSCs with the bioactive agents LPS, TNF-α, or IFN-γ altered DPSCs’ immunologic properties by increasing their expression levels of IL-10, HGF, IDO, and IL-4 and by decreasing their mitochondrial functions. Moreover, DPSCs induced accelerated wound healing irrespective of priming, as determined by using a gut epithelial cell line in a scratch wound assay. Wound healing of gut epithelial cells was mediated by regulating the expressions of AKT, NF-κB, and ERK1/2 proteins compared to the control epithelial cells. In addition, primed DPSCs altered monocyte polarization toward an immuno-suppressive phenotype (M2), where monocytes expressed higher levels of IL-4R, IL-6, Arg1, and YM-1 compared to monocytes cultured with control DPSCs. In silico analysis revealed that this was accomplished in part by the interaction between kynurenine and PPARγ, which regulated the expression of M2 differentiation-related genes. Collectively, these data provided evidence that the DPSCs reduced inflammation, induced M2 polarization of myeloid cells, and healed damaged gut epithelial cells through inactivation of inflammation and modulating constitutively active signaling pathways. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Relationship between Serum Metabolites and Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Gut Microbiota)
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Review

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20 pages, 763 KiB  
Review
The Complicated Relationship of Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Oral Microbiome: A Narrative Review
by Georgy E. Leonov, Yurgita R. Varaeva, Elena N. Livantsova and Antonina V. Starodubova
Biomedicines 2023, 11(10), 2749; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11102749 - 11 Oct 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2680
Abstract
The human oral microbiome has emerged as a focal point of research due to its profound implications for human health. The involvement of short-chain fatty acids in oral microbiome composition, oral health, and chronic inflammation is gaining increasing attention. In this narrative review, [...] Read more.
The human oral microbiome has emerged as a focal point of research due to its profound implications for human health. The involvement of short-chain fatty acids in oral microbiome composition, oral health, and chronic inflammation is gaining increasing attention. In this narrative review, the results of early in vitro, in vivo, and pilot clinical studies and research projects are presented in order to define the boundaries of this new complicated issue. According to the results, the current research data are disputable and ambiguous. When investigating the role of SCFAs in human health and disease, it is crucial to distinguish between their local GI effects and the systemic influences. Locally, SCFAs are a part of normal oral microbiota metabolism, but the increased formation of SCFAs usually attribute to dysbiosis; excess SCFAs participate in the development of local oral diseases and in oral biota gut colonization and dysbiosis. On the other hand, a number of studies have established the positive impact of SCFAs on human health as a whole, including the reduction of chronic systemic inflammation, improvement of metabolic processes, and decrease of some types of cancer incidence. Thus, a complex and sophisticated approach with consideration of origin and localization for SCFA function assessment is demanded. Therefore, more research, especially clinical research, is needed to investigate the complicated relationship of SCFAs with health and disease and their potential role in prevention and treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Relationship between Serum Metabolites and Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Gut Microbiota)
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18 pages, 932 KiB  
Review
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Cystic Fibrosis and Cystic Fibrosis-Related Diabetes in Children: A Literature Review
by Anca Daniela Pinzaru, Cristina Maria Mihai, Tatiana Chisnoiu, Alexandru Cosmin Pantazi, Vasile Valeriu Lupu, Mustafa Ali Kassim Kassim, Ancuta Lupu, Elena Grosan, Ahmed Zaki Naji Al Jumaili, Irina Ion, Gabriela Stoleriu and Ileana Ion
Biomedicines 2023, 11(10), 2671; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11102671 - 29 Sep 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1305
Abstract
The most common inherited condition that results in death, particularly in those of Caucasian heritage, is cystic fibrosis (CF). Of all the young adults diagnosed with cystic fibrosis, 20% will develop hyperglycemia as a complication, later classified as a disease associated with cystic [...] Read more.
The most common inherited condition that results in death, particularly in those of Caucasian heritage, is cystic fibrosis (CF). Of all the young adults diagnosed with cystic fibrosis, 20% will develop hyperglycemia as a complication, later classified as a disease associated with cystic fibrosis. Impaired insulin secretion and glucose intolerance represent the primary mechanisms associated with diabetes (type 1 or type 2) and cystic fibrosis. Oxidative stress represents the imbalance between oxygen-reactive species and antioxidant defense mechanisms. This pathogenic mechanism is vital in triggering other chronic diseases, including cystic fibrosis-related diabetes. It is essential to understand oxidative stress and the significant impact it has on CFRD. This way, therapies can be individually adjusted and tailored to each patient’s needs. This review aims to understand the connection between CFRD and oxidative stress. As a subsidiary element, we analyzed the effects of glycemic balance on complications and their evolution over time, providing insights into their potential benefits in mitigating oxidative stress-associated complications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Relationship between Serum Metabolites and Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Gut Microbiota)
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21 pages, 419 KiB  
Review
Nutritional Metabolomics in Diet–Breast Cancer Relations: Current Research, Challenges, and Future Directions—A Review
by Farhad Vahid, Kimia Hajizadeghan and Adeleh Khodabakhshi
Biomedicines 2023, 11(7), 1845; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11071845 - 27 Jun 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3322
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in women worldwide, and its incidence is increasing. Diet has been identified as a modifiable risk factor for breast cancer, but the complex interplay between diet, metabolism, and cancer development is not [...] Read more.
Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in women worldwide, and its incidence is increasing. Diet has been identified as a modifiable risk factor for breast cancer, but the complex interplay between diet, metabolism, and cancer development is not fully understood. Nutritional metabolomics is a rapidly evolving field that can provide insights into the metabolic changes associated with dietary factors and their impact on breast cancer risk. The review’s objective is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current research on the application of nutritional metabolomics in understanding the relationship between diet and breast cancer. The search strategy involved querying several electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The search terms included combinations of relevant keywords such as “nutritional metabolomics”, “diet”, “breast cancer”, “metabolites”, and “biomarkers”. In this review, both in vivo and in vitro studies were included, and we summarize the current state of knowledge on the role of nutritional metabolomics in understanding the diet–breast cancer relationship, including identifying specific metabolites and metabolic pathways associated with breast cancer risk. We also discuss the challenges associated with nutritional metabolomics research, including standardization of analytical methods, interpretation of complex data, and integration of multiple-omics approaches. Finally, we highlight future directions for nutritional metabolomics research in studying diet–breast cancer relations, including investigating the role of gut microbiota and integrating multiple-omics approaches. The application of nutritional metabolomics in the study of diet–breast cancer relations, including 2-amino-4-cyano butanoic acid, piperine, caprate, rosten-3β,17β-diol-monosulfate, and γ-carboxyethyl hydrochroman, among others, holds great promise for advancing our understanding of the role of diet in breast cancer development and identifying personalized dietary recommendations for breast cancer prevention, control, and treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Relationship between Serum Metabolites and Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Gut Microbiota)
21 pages, 2128 KiB  
Review
The Influence of Gut Microbiota on Oxidative Stress and the Immune System
by Claudia Kunst, Stephan Schmid, Marlen Michalski, Deniz Tümen, Jonas Buttenschön, Martina Müller and Karsten Gülow
Biomedicines 2023, 11(5), 1388; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11051388 - 8 May 2023
Cited by 36 | Viewed by 5592
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract is home to a complex microbial community that plays an important role in the general well-being of the entire organism. The gut microbiota generates a variety of metabolites and thereby regulates many biological processes, such as the regulation of [...] Read more.
The human gastrointestinal tract is home to a complex microbial community that plays an important role in the general well-being of the entire organism. The gut microbiota generates a variety of metabolites and thereby regulates many biological processes, such as the regulation of the immune system. In the gut, bacteria are in direct contact with the host. The major challenge here is to prevent unwanted inflammatory reactions on one hand and on the other hand to ensure that the immune system can be activated when pathogens invade. Here the REDOX equilibrium is of utmost importance. This REDOX equilibrium is controlled by the microbiota either directly or indirectly via bacterial-derived metabolites. A balanced microbiome sorts for a stable REDOX balance, whereas dysbiosis destabilizes this equilibrium. An imbalanced REDOX status directly affects the immune system by disrupting intracellular signaling and promoting inflammatory responses. Here we (i) focus on the most common reactive oxygen species (ROS) and (ii) define the transition from a balanced REDOX state to oxidative stress. Further, we (iii) describe the role of ROS in regulating the immune system and inflammatory responses. Thereafter, we (iv) examine the influence of microbiota on REDOX homeostasis and how shifts in pro- and anti-oxidative cellular conditions can suppress or promote immune responses or inflammation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Relationship between Serum Metabolites and Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Gut Microbiota)
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15 pages, 637 KiB  
Review
Clinical Relevance of Gut Microbiota Alterations under the Influence of Selected Drugs—Updated Review
by Honorata Mruk-Mazurkiewicz, Monika Kulaszyńska, Karolina Jakubczyk, Katarzyna Janda-Milczarek, Wiktoria Czarnecka, Ewa Rębacz-Maron, Sławomir Zacha, Jerzy Sieńko, Samir Zeair, Bartosz Dalewski, Wojciech Marlicz, Igor Łoniewski and Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka
Biomedicines 2023, 11(3), 952; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11030952 - 20 Mar 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1929
Abstract
As pharmacology and science progress, we discover new generations of medicines. This relationship is a response to the increasing demand for medicaments and is powered by progress in medicine and research about the respective entities. However, we have questions about the efficiency of [...] Read more.
As pharmacology and science progress, we discover new generations of medicines. This relationship is a response to the increasing demand for medicaments and is powered by progress in medicine and research about the respective entities. However, we have questions about the efficiency of pharmacotherapy in individual groups of patients. The effectiveness of therapy is controlled by many variables, such as genetic predisposition, age, sex and diet. Therefore, we must also pay attention to the microbiota, which fulfill a lot of functions in the human body. Drugs used in psychiatry, gastroenterology, diabetology and other fields of medicine have been demonstrated to possess much potential to change the composition and probably the function of the intestinal microbiota, which consequently creates long-term risks of developing chronic diseases. The article describes the amazing interactions between gut microbes and drugs currently used in healthcare. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Relationship between Serum Metabolites and Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Gut Microbiota)
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