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Biomedicines
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Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer in Digestive Organs
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Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer in Digestive Organs

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular and Translational Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2024) | Viewed by 8467

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Nelson Yee

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA
Interests: cancer biomarkers, cancer therapy, clinical investigation, machine learning, translational research
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Steady progress has been made in understanding the biology of cancer in the digestive system, yet effective and tolerable treatment as well as early detection and diagnosis remain highly unmet needs. Conventional approaches including surgical resection, radiotherapy, and systemic chemotherapy have been evolving with improved treatment outcomes. Targeted therapy has been proven to benefit patients whose tumors harbor actionable biomarkers. The use of immunotherapy either as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy has been expanding in various tumor types and clinical settings. Emerging therapeutic modalities such as bispecific T-cell-engaging antibodies, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, a combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors, and natural killer cell therapy and vaccines have been the focus of intense clinical investigations. The application of stereotactic body radiation, radiosensitizers, and MRI-guided radiation therapy have shown good potential for improving therapeutic efficacy. Tumor molecular profiling and tissue-based multi-omics analysis have led to the identification of molecular targets for precision therapy. Blood-based biopsy for circulating tumor cells and nucleic acids as well as extracellular vesicles have demonstrated strong potential for early detection, diagnosis, and therapeutics. Machine and deep learning for data analytics have emerged as powerful tools for improving diagnostic accuracy and treatment outcomes. This Special Issue aims to generate a collection of articles that focus on the recent advances of diagnosis and treatment in cancer of digestive organs, with the goal of advancing the frontiers in these challenging oncological diseases.

Dr. Nelson Yee
Guest Editor

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomedicines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

  • targeted therapy
  • molecular profiling
  • liquid biopsy
  • machine learning
  • extracellular vesicles
  • circulating tumor cells
  • circulating tumor DNA
  • pancreatic cancer
  • colorectal cancer
  • gastroesophageal cancer
  • hepatocarcinoma
  • biliary tract carcinoma
  • neuroendocrine tumor
  • gastrointestinal stromal tumor
  • anal cancer

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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24 pages, 5565 KiB  
Article
A Comparative Analysis of Optimization Algorithms for Gastrointestinal Abnormalities Recognition and Classification Based on Ensemble XcepNet23 and ResNet18 Features
by Javeria Naz, Muhammad Imran Sharif, Muhammad Irfan Sharif, Seifedine Kadry, Hafiz Tayyab Rauf and Adham E. Ragab
Biomedicines 2023, 11(6), 1723; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11061723 - 15 Jun 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1861
Abstract
Esophagitis, cancerous growths, bleeding, and ulcers are typical symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders, which account for a significant portion of human mortality. For both patients and doctors, traditional diagnostic methods can be exhausting. The major aim of this research is to propose a hybrid [...] Read more.
Esophagitis, cancerous growths, bleeding, and ulcers are typical symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders, which account for a significant portion of human mortality. For both patients and doctors, traditional diagnostic methods can be exhausting. The major aim of this research is to propose a hybrid method that can accurately diagnose the gastrointestinal tract abnormalities and promote early treatment that will be helpful in reducing the death cases. The major phases of the proposed method are: Dataset Augmentation, Preprocessing, Features Engineering (Features Extraction, Fusion, Optimization), and Classification. Image enhancement is performed using hybrid contrast stretching algorithms. Deep Learning features are extracted through transfer learning from the ResNet18 model and the proposed XcepNet23 model. The obtained deep features are ensembled with the texture features. The ensemble feature vector is optimized using the Binary Dragonfly algorithm (BDA), Moth–Flame Optimization (MFO) algorithm, and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. In this research, two datasets (Hybrid dataset and Kvasir-V1 dataset) consisting of five and eight classes, respectively, are utilized. Compared to the most recent methods, the accuracy achieved by the proposed method on both datasets was superior. The Q_SVM’s accuracies on the Hybrid dataset, which was 100%, and the Kvasir-V1 dataset, which was 99.24%, were both promising. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer in Digestive Organs)
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Review

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16 pages, 1945 KiB  
Review
Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells in Gastrointestinal Cancers: Prognostic Significance and Therapeutic Implications
by Hiromichi Sato, Sikun Meng, Tomoaki Hara, Yoshiko Tsuji, Yasuko Arao, Kazuki Sasaki, Shogo Kobayashi, Eric di Luccio, Takaaki Hirotsu, Taroh Satoh, Yuichiro Doki, Hidetoshi Eguchi and Hideshi Ishii
Biomedicines 2024, 12(6), 1342; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12061342 - 17 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1341
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancers, which include a variety of esophageal and colorectal malignancies, present a global health challenge and require effective treatment strategies. In the evolving field of cancer immunotherapy, tissue-resident memory T cells (Trm cells) have emerged as important players in the immune response [...] Read more.
Gastrointestinal cancers, which include a variety of esophageal and colorectal malignancies, present a global health challenge and require effective treatment strategies. In the evolving field of cancer immunotherapy, tissue-resident memory T cells (Trm cells) have emerged as important players in the immune response within nonlymphoid tissues. In this review, we summarize the characteristics and functions of Trm cells and discuss their profound implications for patient outcomes in gastrointestinal cancers. Positioned strategically in peripheral tissues, Trm cells have functions beyond immune surveillance, affecting tumor progression, prognosis, and response to immunotherapy. Studies indicate that Trm cells are prognostic markers and correlate positively with enhanced survival. Their presence in the tumor microenvironment has sparked interest in their therapeutic potential, particularly with respect to immune checkpoint inhibitors, which may improve cancer treatment. Understanding how Trm cells work will not only help to prevent cancer spread through effective treatment but will also contribute to disease prevention at early stages as well as vaccine development. The role of Trm cells goes beyond just cancer, and they have potential applications in infectious and autoimmune diseases. This review provides a thorough analysis of Trm cells in gastrointestinal cancers, which may lead to personalized and effective cancer therapies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer in Digestive Organs)
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Other

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10 pages, 20056 KiB  
Case Report
Nab-Paclitaxel and Gemcitabine as First-Line Treatment of Metastatic Ampullary Adenocarcinoma with a Novel R-Spondin2 RNA Fusion and NTRK3 Mutation
by Maryknoll P. Linscott, Havell Markus, Mackenzie Sennett, Catherine Abendroth and Nelson S. Yee
Biomedicines 2023, 11(8), 2326; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11082326 - 21 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1813
Abstract
Ampullary adenocarcinoma is a rare malignancy that lacks standard systemic treatment. We describe a case of recurrent metastatic ampullary adenocarcinoma of the pancreaticobiliary subtype treated with nanoparticle albumin-bound (nab)-paclitaxel and gemcitabine as first-line treatment. This report also highlights the molecular profile of the [...] Read more.
Ampullary adenocarcinoma is a rare malignancy that lacks standard systemic treatment. We describe a case of recurrent metastatic ampullary adenocarcinoma of the pancreaticobiliary subtype treated with nanoparticle albumin-bound (nab)-paclitaxel and gemcitabine as first-line treatment. This report also highlights the molecular profile of the ampullary adenocarcinoma and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). This is a case of pancreaticobiliary ampullary adenocarcinoma in a 67-year-old woman who initially presented with painless jaundice. Endoscopic and imaging evaluation revealed biliary ductal dilation secondary to an ampullary mass. Pathology confirmed the diagnosis of ampullary adenocarcinoma of the pancreaticobiliary subtype. She underwent surgical resection of the tumor, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine and capecitabine. The tumor subsequently recurred in the liver. She received palliative chemotherapy with nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine, resulting in an objective tumor response for 14 months. Molecular profiling of the tumor and ctDNA revealed a novel MATN2-RSPO RNA fusion and a novel NTRK3 mutation, respectively. Our report suggests that long-term durable response can be achieved in metastatic pancreaticobiliary ampullary adenocarcinoma using nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine. Molecular profiling of the tumor identified a novel R-Spondin2 RNA fusion and NTRK3 mutation that can be potentially targeted for treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer in Digestive Organs)
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22 pages, 682 KiB  
Study Protocol
Combination L-Glutamine with Gemcitabine and Nab-Paclitaxel in Treatment-Naïve Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: The Phase I GlutaPanc Study Protocol
by Jun Gong, Arsen Osipov, Jeremy Lorber, Mourad Tighiouart, Albert K. Kwan, Hayato Muranaka, Rasaq Akinsola, Sandrine Billet, Abrahm Levi, Anser Abbas, John Davelaar, Neil Bhowmick and Andrew E. Hendifar
Biomedicines 2023, 11(5), 1392; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11051392 - 8 May 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2630
Abstract
Advanced pancreatic cancer is underscored by progressive therapeutic resistance and a dismal 5-year survival rate of 3%. Preclinical data demonstrated glutamine supplementation, not deprivation, elicited antitumor effects against pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) alone and in combination with gemcitabine in a dose-dependent manner. The [...] Read more.
Advanced pancreatic cancer is underscored by progressive therapeutic resistance and a dismal 5-year survival rate of 3%. Preclinical data demonstrated glutamine supplementation, not deprivation, elicited antitumor effects against pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) alone and in combination with gemcitabine in a dose-dependent manner. The GlutaPanc phase I trial is a single-arm, open-label clinical trial investigating the safety of combination L-glutamine, gemcitabine, and nab-paclitaxel in subjects (n = 16) with untreated, locally advanced unresectable or metastatic pancreatic cancer. Following a 7-day lead-in phase with L-glutamine, the dose-finding phase via Bayesian design begins with treatment cycles lasting 28 days until disease progression, intolerance, or withdrawal. The primary objective is to establish the recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of combination L-glutamine, gemcitabine, and nab-paclitaxel. Secondary objectives include safety of the combination across all dose levels and preliminary evidence of antitumor activity. Exploratory objectives include evaluating changes in plasma metabolites across multiple time points and changes in the stool microbiome pre and post L-glutamine supplementation. If this phase I clinical trial demonstrates the feasibility of L-glutamine in combination with nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine, we would advance the development of this combination as a first-line systemic option in subjects with metastatic pancreatic cancer, a high-risk subgroup desperately in need of additional therapies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer in Digestive Organs)
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