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Biomedicines
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The Impact of Oral Microbiota-Immunity Axis in Oral and Systemic...
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The Impact of Oral Microbiota-Immunity Axis in Oral and Systemic Diseases

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Immunology and Immunotherapy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 July 2023) | Viewed by 3559

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Amedeo Amedei

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
Interests: microbiota-immunity axis; autoimmunity; cancers; inflammation; T cells; micro and nanoplastic effects on human
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The human oral cavity hosts a rich and diversified microbial flora composed by up to 700 different bacterial species which constitute the oral microbiota (OM). After the intestine, the OM represents the second most abundant microbial community in humans, and the coevolution between the oral resident commensal microorganisms and the local immune system allows the establishment of an appropriate level of immunosurveillance to maintain the host health status. However, the disruption of this homeostasis condition could determine an OM dysbiosis, which has already been associated with the onset of oral (e.g., caries, periodontitis, oral cancer) and systemic diseases (e.g., diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer’s disease, colorectal cancer, cardiovascular diseases, liver diseases).

Although the advent of the next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies revolutionized the profiling of microbiomes, the OM is still an exciting and expanding field of research.

Hence, the purpose of this Special Issue is to provide an overview of the current updates on the role of OM–immune system interaction in the onset of oral and systemic diseases and novel therapeutic approaches to restore oral eubiosis.

Dr. Amedeo Amedei
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomedicines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • immune response
  • oral microbiota
  • inflammation
  • systemic diseases
  • NGS technologies

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

21 pages, 8487 KiB  
Article
Improved Anti-Biofilm Effect against the Oral Cariogenic Streptococcus mutans by Combined Triclosan/CBD Treatment
by Maayan Avraham, Doron Steinberg, Tamar Barak, Miriam Shalish, Mark Feldman and Ronit Vogt Sionov
Biomedicines 2023, 11(2), 521; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11020521 - 10 Feb 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2831
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans is a Gram-positive bacterium highly associated with dental caries, and it has a strong biofilm-forming ability, especially in a sugar-rich environment. Many strategies have been undertaken to prevent dental caries by targeting these bacteria. Recently, we observed that a sustained-release varnish [...] Read more.
Streptococcus mutans is a Gram-positive bacterium highly associated with dental caries, and it has a strong biofilm-forming ability, especially in a sugar-rich environment. Many strategies have been undertaken to prevent dental caries by targeting these bacteria. Recently, we observed that a sustained-release varnish containing triclosan and cannabidiol (CBD) was more efficient than each compound alone in preventing biofilm formation by the fungus Candida albicans, which is frequently involved in oral infections together with S. mutans. It was therefore inquiring to study the effect of this drug combination on S. mutans. We observed that the combined treatment of triclosan and CBD had stronger anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm activity than each compound alone, thus enabling the use of lower concentrations of each drug to achieve the desired effect. The combined drug treatment led to an increase in the SYTO 9low, propidium iodide (PI)high bacterial population as analyzed by flow cytometry, indicative for bacteria with disrupted membrane. Both triclosan and CBD induced membrane hyperpolarization, although there was no additive effect on this parameter. HR-SEM images of CBD-treated bacteria show the appearance of elongated and swollen bacteria with several irregular septa structures, and upon combined treatment with triclosan, the bacteria took on a swollen ellipse and sometimes oval morphology. Increased biofilm formation was observed at sub-MIC concentrations of each compound alone, while combining the drugs at these sub-MIC concentrations, the biofilm formation was prevented. The inhibition of biofilm formation was confirmed by CV biomass staining, MTT metabolic activity, HR-SEM and live/dead together with exopolysaccharide (EPS) staining visualized by spinning disk confocal microscopy. Importantly, the concentrations required for the anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm activities toward S. mutans were non-toxic to the normal Vero epithelial cells. In conclusion, the data obtained in this study propose a beneficial role of combined triclosan/CBD treatment for potential protection against dental caries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Impact of Oral Microbiota-Immunity Axis in Oral and Systemic Diseases)
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