Thyroid Disorders: Current Status and Future Prospects

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular and Translational Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2024 | Viewed by 503

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Pediatrics and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland
Interests: thyroid diseases; autoimmune thyroid diseases; hypothyroidism

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Thyroid diseases represent the most prevalent hormonal disorders in both adults and children. Simultaneously, normal thyroid function is crucial during every period of life: in fetal life, thyroid hormones are necessary for the development and differentiation of each tissue; during the developmental age, they determine the proper growth and maturation of  the brain and bone; and at every age, they regulate metabolism and ensure efficient adaptation to the environment and metabolic needs. Various forms of thyroid dysfunction exist, including a deficiency or excess of  thyroid hormones; this can have long-term effects on the health and development of individuals, depending on the age of the patient at the onset of disease and its severity. The wide availability of novel laboratory techniques and imaging methods now enables the quick diagnosis of thyroid diseases, thus enabling their early treatment. However, the treatment of thyroid diseases mainly focuses on correcting hormonal function and, less often, eliminating the cause of the disease. On the other hand, not all of these disorders result from thyroid disease and require treatment.

Among these disorders, autoimmune thyroid diseases dominate; these are diagnosed in increasingly younger patients, including in infancy, and are chronic diseases that can affect an individual’s whole life. Patients who are diagnosed in childhood and require lifelong treatment require their therapy to transition fluently from pediatric to adult medical care.

This Special Issue aims to provide an overview of current knowledge regarding thyroid diseases, their diagnosis and treatment, as well as prospects for implementing novel effective therapy methods.

We are particularly interested in original research, but also encourage the submission of articles presenting cases (or series) and will accept review papers, systematic reviews or meta-analyses.

We address our invitation to pediatric endocrinologists, endocrinologists, gynecologists, endocrine surgeons, and pathologists in particular, and specialists in nuclear medicine.

Dr. Anna Małgorzata Kucharska
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • thyroid diseases
  • autoimmune thyroid diseases
  • hypothyroidism
  • hyperthyroidism
  • treatment
  • children
  • adults

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

9 pages, 266 KiB  
Article
Incidental Parathyroidectomy After Thyroid Surgery: A Single-Center Study
by Roberta Granata, Antonio Zanghì, Marianna Scribano, Giordana Riccioli, Francesca Privitera, Sandro La Vignera, Rosita Angela Condorelli, Francesco Leonforte, Antonio Mistretta, Aldo Eugenio Calogero and Massimiliano Veroux
Biomedicines 2024, 12(10), 2372; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12102372 - 17 Oct 2024
Viewed by 277
Abstract
Background: Hypoparathyroidism with hypocalcemia is the most frequent complication after thyroid surgery. Many risk factors have been involved in the development of this complication, with conflicting results. Incidental parathyroidectomy (IP) may be a frequent cause of postoperative hypocalcemia. In this study, we have [...] Read more.
Background: Hypoparathyroidism with hypocalcemia is the most frequent complication after thyroid surgery. Many risk factors have been involved in the development of this complication, with conflicting results. Incidental parathyroidectomy (IP) may be a frequent cause of postoperative hypocalcemia. In this study, we have evaluated the risk factors associated with the IP in a single-center cohort of patients undergoing thyroid surgery. Patients and methods: The incidence and the risk factors for IP were evaluated in 799 patients scheduled for surgical treatment for thyroid disease between January 2018 and December 2023. Parathyroid hormone levels and serum calcium levels, together with the histological specimens, were evaluated in all patients. Results: Post-operative temporary hypocalcemia was present in 239 (29.9%) patients. A total of 144 patients (21.9%) had an incidental parathyroidectomy. Younger patients (<40 years) had the highest risk of having an incidental parathyroidectomy (RR 1.53 (95% CI 1.084–2.161), OR 1.72 (95% CI 1.091–2.710), p = 0.014). Moreover, thyroid cancer (RR 1.4 (95 CI 1.114–1.882) OR 1.68 (95% CI 1.145–2.484), p < 0.05) and the neck dissection (RR 1.75 (95% CI 1.409–2.198) OR 2.38 (95% CI 1.644–3.460), p < 0.001) were strongly associated with the risk of incidental parathyroidectomy. Conclusions: Younger female patients with thyroid cancer and neck dissection were at the highest risk of incidental parathyroidectomy. A meticulous surgical dissection, together with imaging methods for the detection of the parathyroid glands, may reduce the incidence of this complication. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thyroid Disorders: Current Status and Future Prospects)
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