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Biomedicines
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Tissue Engineering in Cardiology
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Tissue Engineering in Cardiology

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomedical Engineering and Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2022) | Viewed by 20988

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Juan C. Chachques

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Pompidou Hospital, Cardiovascular Division, Laboratory Biosurgical Research, University of Paris, 56 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
Interests: cardiology; cardiac surgery; heart failure; cardiomyoplasty; cardiac bioassist; tissue engineering; bioartificial organs; stem cell therapy; organoids; bioartificial myocardium; cardiopatch; cardiowrap

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Background

Cardiovascular tissue engineering involves the creation of myocardial tissue, heart valves, and blood vessels. After initial development of “in vitro tissue engineering”, progress has been made by the development of “in vivo tissue engineering” technologies, a biomimetic approach where the body is the own bioreactor. This in vivo approach represents a new hope for the creation of biomimetic tissues such as the myocardium, and bioartificial organs.

Myocardial tissue engineering has been explored with the aim to repair, replace, and regenerate the damaged cardiac tissue. Results of isolated stem cell therapy in cardiac diseases showed that cell bioretention and engraftment within infarct is low and that extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation contributes to adverse LV remodeling. The association of stem cells and elastomeric scaffolds in the form of “Cardiopatch” raises the expectations of achieving repair of the myocardial tissue to avoid ventricular chamber dilation and heart failure; this should delay or avoid the indication of heart transplantation.

Aims

Manuscripts including the following subjects are welcome:

  • Research and development of bioabsorbable elastomeric Cardiopatch and Cardiowrap bioprostheses for myocardial repair and ventricular support;
  • 3D cardiac muscle engineered using isolated cells, exosomes, and biodegradable polymer scaffolds to obtain specific structural and electrophysiological properties;
  • Creation of an artificial extracellular matrix (ECM) to offer adequate cell niches for the homing of exosomes and stem cells;
  • Effect of strain stimulation bioreactors to apply cyclic distension on engineered cardiac constructs, to improve cellular orientation;
  • Tissue-engineered heart valves constructed for the purpose of designing replacement cardiac valves (from decellularized tissues or polymer scaffolds) as well as for generating models of valve disease;
  • “Acellular biomaterials” become a feasible alternative to cell-based therapies. Rather than only acting as fillers for tissue defects, materials are now designed to interact with local tissues and cells, becoming active materials that truly harness and direct endogenous repair processes;
  • The combination of three-dimensional bioprinting, bioreactors, stem cells, and exosomes could provide a novel enabling technology for the development of the next-generation human tissues and organs.

Dr. Juan C. Chachques
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomedicines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • myocardial tissue engineering
  • engineered heart valves
  • elastomeric scaffolds
  • stem cells
  • exosomes
  • cardiopatch
  • cardiowrap bioprostheses
  • 3d printing
  • acellular tissue engineering
  • heart failure

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 2381 KiB  
Article
In Vitro Model for the Evaluation of Innovative Transcatheter Debridement Device (TDD): Pericardium-Based Scaffold and Stem Cells to Reproduce Calcificated Valves
by Elena Tiengo, Enrico Fermi, Ilaria Zanolla, Federica Zanotti, Martina Trentini, Enrico Pasquino, Maria Chiara Palmieri, Giorgio Soliani, Sara Leo, Elena Tremoli, Letizia Ferroni and Barbara Zavan
Biomedicines 2022, 10(10), 2352; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10102352 - 21 Sep 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2151
Abstract
Aortic valve stenosis has become the most common valvular disease in elderly patients. Several treatments are available such as surgical aortic valve replacement and transcatheter aortic valve implantation. To date, however, there is a need to discover alternative treatments that can delay the [...] Read more.
Aortic valve stenosis has become the most common valvular disease in elderly patients. Several treatments are available such as surgical aortic valve replacement and transcatheter aortic valve implantation. To date, however, there is a need to discover alternative treatments that can delay the disease progression and, therefore, the implant of a prosthetic valve. In this regard, a decalcification procedure based on the use of ultrasonic waves could represent an innovative solution in transcatheter cardiovascular therapies. In this article, we describe an innovative transcatheter debridement device (TDD) that uses low-intensity ultrasound shock waves for calcium ablation from the native aortic valve and bioprosthetic valve. Mesenchymal stem cells were seeded onto pericardium-based scaffolds and committed into an osteogenic phenotype. After treatment with TDD, cell proliferation was analyzed, as well as lactate dehydrogenase release and cell morphology. The release of calcium and inflammation events were detected. The results confirmed that the TDD was able to induce a safe decalcification without any adverse inflammatory events. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tissue Engineering in Cardiology)
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19 pages, 6307 KiB  
Article
Elastomeric Cardiowrap Scaffolds Functionalized with Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Exosomes Induce a Positive Modulation in the Inflammatory and Wound Healing Response of Mesenchymal Stem Cell and Macrophage
by Juan Carlos Chachques, Chiara Gardin, Nermine Lila, Letizia Ferroni, Veronique Migonney, Celine Falentin-Daudre, Federica Zanotti, Martina Trentini, Giulia Brunello, Tiberio Rocca, Vincenzo Gasbarro and Barbara Zavan
Biomedicines 2021, 9(7), 824; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9070824 - 15 Jul 2021
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 3911
Abstract
A challenge in contractile restoration of myocardial scars is one of the principal aims in cardiovascular surgery. Recently, a new potent biological tool used within healing processes is represented by exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). These cells are the well-known extracellular [...] Read more.
A challenge in contractile restoration of myocardial scars is one of the principal aims in cardiovascular surgery. Recently, a new potent biological tool used within healing processes is represented by exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). These cells are the well-known extracellular nanovesicles released from cells to facilitate cell function and communication. In this work, a combination of elastomeric membranes and exosomes was obtained and tested as a bioimplant. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and macrophages were seeded into the scaffold (polycaprolactone) and filled with exosomes derived from MSCs. Cells were tested for proliferation with an MTT test, and for wound healing properties and macrophage polarization by gene expression. Moreover, morphological analyses of their ability to colonize the scaffolds surfaces have been further evaluated. Results confirm that exosomes were easily entrapped onto the surface of the elastomeric scaffolds, increasing the wound healing properties and collagen type I and vitronectin of the MSC, and improving the M2 phenotype of the macrophages, mainly thanks to the increase in miRNA124 and decrease in miRNA 125. We can conclude that the enrichment of elastomeric scaffolds functionalized with exosomes is as an effective strategy to improve myocardial regeneration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tissue Engineering in Cardiology)
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Review

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16 pages, 1647 KiB  
Review
Targeted Myocardial Restoration with Injectable Hydrogels—In Search of The Holy Grail in Regenerating Damaged Heart Tissue
by Faizus Sazzad, Michał Kuzemczak, Engracia Loh, Wellington Wu and Theo Kofidis
Biomedicines 2021, 9(6), 595; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9060595 - 24 May 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3794
Abstract
A 3-dimensional, robust, and sustained myocardial restoration by means of tissue engineering remains an experimental approach. Prolific protocols have been developed and tested in small and large animals, but, as clinical cardiac surgeons, we have not arrived at the privilege of utilizing any [...] Read more.
A 3-dimensional, robust, and sustained myocardial restoration by means of tissue engineering remains an experimental approach. Prolific protocols have been developed and tested in small and large animals, but, as clinical cardiac surgeons, we have not arrived at the privilege of utilizing any of them in our clinical practice. The question arises as to why this is. The heart is a unique organ, anatomically and functionally. It is not an easy target to replicate with current techniques, or even to support in its viability and function. Currently, available therapies fail to reverse the loss of functional cardiac tissue, the fundamental pathology remains unaddressed, and heart transplantation is an ultima ratio treatment option. Owing to the equivocal results of cell-based therapies, several strategies have been pursued to overcome the limitations of the current treatment options. Preclinical data, as well as first-in-human studies, conducted to-date have provided important insights into the understanding of injection-based approaches for myocardial restoration. In light of the available data, injectable biomaterials suitable for transcatheter delivery appear to have the highest translational potential. This article presents a current state-of-the-literature review in the field of hydrogel-based myocardial restoration therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tissue Engineering in Cardiology)
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24 pages, 2613 KiB  
Review
Cardiac Organoids to Model and Heal Heart Failure and Cardiomyopathies
by Magali Seguret, Eva Vermersch, Charlène Jouve and Jean-Sébastien Hulot
Biomedicines 2021, 9(5), 563; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9050563 - 18 May 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 5454
Abstract
Cardiac tissue engineering aims at creating contractile structures that can optimally reproduce the features of human cardiac tissue. These constructs are becoming valuable tools to model some of the cardiac functions, to set preclinical platforms for drug testing, or to alternatively be used [...] Read more.
Cardiac tissue engineering aims at creating contractile structures that can optimally reproduce the features of human cardiac tissue. These constructs are becoming valuable tools to model some of the cardiac functions, to set preclinical platforms for drug testing, or to alternatively be used as therapies for cardiac repair approaches. Most of the recent developments in cardiac tissue engineering have been made possible by important advances regarding the efficient generation of cardiac cells from pluripotent stem cells and the use of novel biomaterials and microfabrication methods. Different combinations of cells, biomaterials, scaffolds, and geometries are however possible, which results in different types of structures with gradual complexities and abilities to mimic the native cardiac tissue. Here, we intend to cover key aspects of tissue engineering applied to cardiology and the consequent development of cardiac organoids. This review presents various facets of the construction of human cardiac 3D constructs, from the choice of the components to their patterning, the final geometry of generated tissues, and the subsequent readouts and applications to model and treat cardiac diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tissue Engineering in Cardiology)
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18 pages, 4292 KiB  
Review
The Real Need for Regenerative Medicine in the Future of Congenital Heart Disease Treatment
by Yuichi Matsuzaki, Matthew G. Wiet, Brian A. Boe and Toshiharu Shinoka
Biomedicines 2021, 9(5), 478; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9050478 - 27 Apr 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4371
Abstract
Bioabsorbable materials made from polymeric compounds have been used in many fields of regenerative medicine to promote tissue regeneration. These materials replace autologous tissue and, due to their growth potential, make excellent substitutes for cardiovascular applications in the treatment of congenital heart disease. [...] Read more.
Bioabsorbable materials made from polymeric compounds have been used in many fields of regenerative medicine to promote tissue regeneration. These materials replace autologous tissue and, due to their growth potential, make excellent substitutes for cardiovascular applications in the treatment of congenital heart disease. However, there remains a sizable gap between their theoretical advantages and actual clinical application within pediatric cardiovascular surgery. This review will focus on four areas of regenerative medicine in which bioabsorbable materials have the potential to alleviate the burden where current treatment options have been unable to within the field of pediatric cardiovascular surgery. These four areas include tissue-engineered pulmonary valves, tissue-engineered patches, regenerative medicine options for treatment of pulmonary vein stenosis and tissue-engineered vascular grafts. We will discuss the research and development of biocompatible materials reported to date, the evaluation of materials in vitro, and the results of studies that have progressed to clinical trials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tissue Engineering in Cardiology)
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