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Connections between Diabetes Mellitus, Other Metabolic and Endocrine Dysfunctions and...
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Connections between Diabetes Mellitus, Other Metabolic and Endocrine Dysfunctions and Cardiovascular Pathologies

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Endocrinology and Metabolism Research".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2024 | Viewed by 3893

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Cristina Tudoran

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department VII, Internal Medicine II, Discipline of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes” Timisoara, Timișoara, Romania
2. Department of Cardiology, County Emergency Hospital “Pius Brinzeu” Timisoara, Timișoara, Romania
Interests: heart failure; systemic hypertension; acute and chronic coronary syndrome; arrhythmias; management of patients with cardiovascular diseases; cardiovascular risk factors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Although the association between diabetes mellitus and other metabolic dysfunctions, such as metabolic syndrome and obesity, and cardiovascular pathologies are well known and widely studied, physicians and researchers should not underestimate the enormous impact of other endocrine dysfunctions, commencing with thyroid disorders, and also other endocrine diseases on the cardiovascular risk profile of a patient. New developments in genetics, pathophysiology, medical equipment, bioengineering, pharmacology and statistics open new horizons for the diagnosis and management of patients with various metabolic and endocrine dysfunctions, also allowing a precocious detection, even in a subclinical status of cardiovascular alterations, thus preventing their evolution to a symptomatic disease with multiple consequences for the patient.

The development of new diagnostic/therapeutic methods and protocols is needed to facilitate the precocious diagnosis and assessment of the risk profile, pre-existing cardiovascular pathologies and short- and long-term outcomes in diabetic patients, but also in those with other metabolic and endocrine dysfunctions.

This Special Issue focuses on original articles and reviews referring to groundbreaking research regarding the association between diabetes mellitus and/or other endocrine and metabolic dysfunctions and cardiovascular pathologies.

Dr. Cristina Tudoran
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomedicines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • diabetes mellitus
  • insulin resistance
  • metabolic syndrome
  • obesity
  • thyroid dysfunction
  • hormonal alterations
  • endothelial dysfunction
  • coronary artery disease
  • hypertension
  • peripheric arterial disease

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 416 KiB  
Article
Clinical and Metabolic Particularities of a Roma Population with Diabetes—Considering Ethnic Disparities in Approaching Healthcare Management
by Andrada Cosoreanu, Emilia Rusu, Florin Rusu, Silviu Stanciu, Ioana Ungureanu, Marius Donici, Alexandra Visinescu, Georgiana Enache and Gabriela Radulian
Biomedicines 2024, 12(7), 1422; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12071422 - 26 Jun 2024
Viewed by 743
Abstract
The Roma population is Europe’s largest ethnic minority, yet data on the prevalence of non-communicable diseases remain scarce in medical literature. This study aimed to compare the clinical and metabolic particularities of a Roma population with diabetes with a group of non-Roma. We [...] Read more.
The Roma population is Europe’s largest ethnic minority, yet data on the prevalence of non-communicable diseases remain scarce in medical literature. This study aimed to compare the clinical and metabolic particularities of a Roma population with diabetes with a group of non-Roma. We conducted an observational, transversal study and evaluated 808 adult patients with diabetes mellitus, from a tertiary diabetes care hospital. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was high among both groups, 94.3% in the Roma patients and 89.1% in the non-Roma. A slightly higher mean value of the triglyceride–glucose (TyG) index was observed among the Roma group (10.07 ± 0.71 versus 9.71 ± 0.82). Among the non-Roma, variables that were significantly associated with the TyG index were glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein–cholesterol (HDL-c), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c), while among the Roma, HbA1c and HDL-c were correlated with this index. There were no differences concerning myocardial infarction; however, the number of patients with a history of stroke was 2.1 times higher in the Roma group compared to the non-Roma group. The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, cardiovascular disease, and microvascular complications among the study’s Roma population are quite significant, underscoring the importance of ethnic disparities in approaching healthcare management strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Connections between Diabetes Mellitus, Other Metabolic and Endocrine Dysfunctions and Cardiovascular Pathologies)
0 pages, 1516 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Medical Physical Training and a Structured Personalized Exercise Training Program on Hemodynamic Parameters and Arterial Stiffness in Pregnant Women
by Izabella Petre, Stela Iurciuc, Florina Buleu, Ion Petre, Radu Dumitru Moleriu, Daian Popa, Vladiana Turi, Anca Bordianu, Rabia Tasdemir, Laura Maria Craciun, Luciana Marc, Flavia Mirela Barna and Mircea Iurciuc
Biomedicines 2024, 12(5), 986; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12050986 - 30 Apr 2024
Viewed by 716
Abstract
Introduction: In developed countries, heart disease is the primary cause of maternal mortality during pregnancy. Arterial stiffness, an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and a predictor of cardiovascular complications, can be assessed using the augmentation index (AIx) and pulse wave velocity (PWV). In [...] Read more.
Introduction: In developed countries, heart disease is the primary cause of maternal mortality during pregnancy. Arterial stiffness, an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and a predictor of cardiovascular complications, can be assessed using the augmentation index (AIx) and pulse wave velocity (PWV). In this prospective study, we aimed to evaluate diverse hemodynamic parameters and arterial stiffness in pregnant women before and after participating in a structured, personalized exercise training program. Materials and methods: Forty healthy pregnant women, non-smokers, who agreed to participate daily for 12 weeks in a physical exercise training program under the supervision of a team made up of an obstetrician, a cardiologist, and a physiotherapist were included. Anthropometric characteristics, arterial function, and physical activity data were collected from the participants at two different time points: at the beginning of the exercise training program (T0) and at the end, after 12 weeks (T1). Results: Upon conducting a statistical analysis, it was discovered that there were noteworthy disparities (p = 0.05) in body mass index, brachial AIx, systolic blood pressure, and pulse pressure values between the two time points. The regression analysis for the AIx brachial values and the PWVao values from Trim II (T0) and Trim III (T1) showed major differences between these two time points; the association between the AIx brachial values in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy revealed a strong direct significant correlation (p < 0.001), and the correlation between the PWVao values in the second (T0) and third trimester (T1) of pregnancy was weak and insignificant (p = 0.12). Conclusions: The findings of our study indicate that a personalized exercise training program positively impacts the physical and psychological well-being of pregnant women, leading to a reduction in PWV. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Connections between Diabetes Mellitus, Other Metabolic and Endocrine Dysfunctions and Cardiovascular Pathologies)
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Review

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25 pages, 842 KiB  
Review
Unraveling the Cardiac Matrix: From Diabetes to Heart Failure, Exploring Pathways and Potential Medications
by Bogdan-Sorin Tudurachi, Larisa Anghel, Andreea Tudurachi, Radu Andy Sascău, Răzvan-Liviu Zanfirescu and Cristian Stătescu
Biomedicines 2024, 12(6), 1314; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12061314 - 13 Jun 2024
Viewed by 674
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) often leads to heart failure (HF) through acute or chronic maladaptive remodeling processes. This establishes coronary artery disease (CAD) and HF as significant contributors to cardiovascular illness and death. Therefore, treatment strategies for patients with CAD primarily focus on preventing [...] Read more.
Myocardial infarction (MI) often leads to heart failure (HF) through acute or chronic maladaptive remodeling processes. This establishes coronary artery disease (CAD) and HF as significant contributors to cardiovascular illness and death. Therefore, treatment strategies for patients with CAD primarily focus on preventing MI and lessening the impact of HF after an MI event. Myocardial fibrosis, characterized by abnormal extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, is central to cardiac remodeling. Understanding these processes is key to identifying new treatment targets. Recent studies highlight SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RAs) as favorable options in managing type 2 diabetes due to their low hypoglycemic risk and cardiovascular benefits. This review explores inflammation’s role in cardiac fibrosis and evaluates emerging anti-diabetic medications’ effectiveness, such as SGLT2i, GLP1-RAs, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i), in preventing fibrosis in patients with diabetes post-acute MI. Recent studies were analyzed to identify effective medications in reducing fibrosis risk in these patients. By addressing these areas, we can advance our understanding of the potential benefits of anti-diabetic medications in reducing cardiac fibrosis post-MI and improve patient outcomes in individuals with diabetes at risk of HF. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Connections between Diabetes Mellitus, Other Metabolic and Endocrine Dysfunctions and Cardiovascular Pathologies)
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16 pages, 365 KiB  
Review
Narrative Review of Biological Markers in Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia
by Alexandra Ioana Popescu, Andreea Luciana Rata, Sorin Barac, Roxana Popescu, Roxana Ramona Onofrei, Cristian Vlad and Daliborca Vlad
Biomedicines 2024, 12(4), 798; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12040798 - 3 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1077
Abstract
Background: Chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI), the advanced stage of peripheral arterial disease, is diagnosed in the presence of ischemic rest pain, non-healing ulcers, or gangrene. Several studies have demonstrated that inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are some of the main substrates of CLTI. Methods: [...] Read more.
Background: Chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI), the advanced stage of peripheral arterial disease, is diagnosed in the presence of ischemic rest pain, non-healing ulcers, or gangrene. Several studies have demonstrated that inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are some of the main substrates of CLTI. Methods: A narrative review was conducted and reported according to PRISMA guidelines. Three databases were searched—Web of Science, Medline, and EMBASE—for the studies assessing CLTI and the biological markers related to it. Results: We included 22 studies, and all the markers identified (C-reactive protein, D-dimers, fibrinogen, cytokines, IL-6, TNF-α, ICAM-1 (Intracellular Adhesion Molecule-1), VCAM-1 (Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1), neutrophile-to-lymphocytes ratio (NLR), IL-8, Pentraxin-3, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), calprotectin, E-selectin, P-selectin, neopterin, High-Mobility Group Box-1 protein (HGMB-1), Osteoprotegerin (OPG) and Sortilin) were positively associated with advanced CLTI, with major limb or major cardiovascular events in these patients. Conclusions: All the studied markers had increased values in patients with CLTI, especially when associated with diabetes mellitus, proving a very important association between diabetes and major limb or cardiovascular events in these patients. There is a need for more studies to validate these markers in terms of diagnosis or prognosis in CLTI patients and in trying to find new medical strategies that target inflammation or endothelial dysfunction in these patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Connections between Diabetes Mellitus, Other Metabolic and Endocrine Dysfunctions and Cardiovascular Pathologies)
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Other

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16 pages, 762 KiB  
Systematic Review
The Triglyceride/HDL Ratio as a Surrogate Biomarker for Insulin Resistance
by Petru Baneu, Cristina Văcărescu, Simona-Ruxanda Drăgan, Liviu Cirin, Alexandra-Iulia Lazăr-Höcher, Andreea Cozgarea, Adelina-Andreea Faur-Grigori, Simina Crișan, Dan Gaiță, Constantin-Tudor Luca and Dragoș Cozma
Biomedicines 2024, 12(7), 1493; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12071493 - 5 Jul 2024
Viewed by 203
Abstract
Given the widespread occurrence of insulin resistance, a key factor in metabolic syndrome and a distinct condition altogether, there is a clear need for effective, surrogate markers. The triglyceride-to-high-density lipoprotein (TG/HDL) ratio stands out as a viable option, indicative of changes in lipid [...] Read more.
Given the widespread occurrence of insulin resistance, a key factor in metabolic syndrome and a distinct condition altogether, there is a clear need for effective, surrogate markers. The triglyceride-to-high-density lipoprotein (TG/HDL) ratio stands out as a viable option, indicative of changes in lipid metabolism associated with insulin resistance, offering a cost-effective and straightforward alternative to traditional, more complex biomarkers. This review, in line with PRISMA guidelines, assesses the TG/HDL ratio’s potential as an indirect indicator of insulin resistance. Analysing 32 studies over 20 years, involving 49,782 participants of diverse ethnic backgrounds, including adults and children, this review primarily uses a cross-sectional analysis with the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) to gauge insulin resistance. It reveals the TG/HDL ratio’s varied predictive power across ethnicities and sexes, with specific thresholds providing greater accuracy for Caucasians, Asians, and Hispanics over African Americans and for men over women. Valid across different weights and ages, for adults and children, it suggests average cutoffs of 2.53 for women and 2.8 for men. The analysis supports the TG/HDL ratio as a simple, accessible marker for insulin resistance, though it advises further research on tailored cutoffs reflecting ethnic and gender differences. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Connections between Diabetes Mellitus, Other Metabolic and Endocrine Dysfunctions and Cardiovascular Pathologies)
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