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Biomedicines
Special Issues
Personalized Medicine in Cancer Treatment: Apoptosis, Autophagy, and Drug Selection
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Personalized Medicine in Cancer Treatment: Apoptosis, Autophagy, and Drug Selection

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Biology and Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 2822

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Md Ataur Rahman

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Departments of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
Interests: autophagy; apoptosis; cancer; neurodegenerative disorders; natural products
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

To examine the ever-changing environment of personalized medicine in cancer treatment using a comprehensive approach, this collection elucidates the complex mechanisms of apoptosis and autophagy, focusing on their crucial significance in customizing cancer treatments for each patient. Moreover, the Special Issue highlights the importance of choosing the appropriate drugs and offers valuable information on the always-improving methods for determining the most efficient therapies based on an individual's specific genetic makeup.

In addition to cancer, the Special Issue also discusses neurological illnesses. The collection provides a thorough examination of the convergence of personalized medicine and neurological health, focusing on specific interventions and novel strategies to address neurodegenerative disorders.

The Special Issue emphasizes natural products (comprising  defined molecular compounds) which possess a wide range of medicinal capabilities that are frequently unexplored. The summaries in this Special Issue outline the investigation of nature's pharmacopeia, showcasing studies on utilizing the advantages of natural substances in individualized cancer therapy and other areas.

The collection of papers encompasses advanced research that focuses on the use of personalized medicine in cancer therapy. It explores the roles of apoptosis as well as autophagy, improves drug selection methods, addresses neurodegenerative disorders and reveals the therapeutic benefits of natural products. The combined knowledge and understanding lead to a more detailed and personalized method of healthcare, representing a significant milestone in the pursuit of precision medicine.

Dr. Md Ataur Rahman
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomedicines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • personalized medicine
  • cancer treatment and metabolism
  • cell signaling
  • apoptosis
  • autophagy
  • drug target
  • neurodegenerative disorders
  • natural products

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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18 pages, 7779 KiB  
Article
Identification of Novel Tumor Pyroptosis-Related Antigens and Pyroptosis Subtypes for Developing mRNA Vaccines in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
by Qiaowei Lin, Li Liang, Qing Wang, Xiao Wang, Yang You, Yefei Rong, Yuhong Zhou and Xi Guo
Biomedicines 2024, 12(4), 726; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12040726 - 25 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1374
Abstract
Background: As one of the important components of immunotherapies, mRNA vaccines have displayed promising clinical outcomes in solid tumors. Nonetheless, their efficacy remains unclear in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD). Given the interaction of pyroptosis with anticancer immunity, our study aims to identify pyroptosis-related antigens [...] Read more.
Background: As one of the important components of immunotherapies, mRNA vaccines have displayed promising clinical outcomes in solid tumors. Nonetheless, their efficacy remains unclear in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD). Given the interaction of pyroptosis with anticancer immunity, our study aims to identify pyroptosis-related antigens for mRNA vaccine development and discern eligible candidates for vaccination. Methods: Utilizing gene expression data from TCGA and ICGC, we integrated RNA-seq data and compared genetic alterations through cBioPortal. Differential gene expressions were integrated using GEPIA. Relationships between immune cell abundance and tumor antigens were analyzed and visualized via TIMER. WGCNA facilitated the clustering of pyroptosis-related genes, identification of hub genes, and pathway enrichment analyses. Pyroptosis landscape was depicted through graph learning-based dimensional reduction. Results: Four overexpressed and mutant pyroptosis-related genes associated with poor prognosis were identified as potential antigens for mRNA vaccines in PAAD, including ANO6, PAK2, CHMP2B, and RAB5A. These genes displayed positive associations with antigen-presenting cells. PAAD patients were stratified into three pyroptosis subtypes. Notably, the PS3 subtype, characterized by a lower mutation count and TMB, exhibited “cold” immunological traits and superior survival compared to other subtypes. The pyroptosis landscape exhibited considerable heterogeneity among individuals. Furthermore, the turquoise module emerged as an independent prognostic indicator and patients with high expressions of hub genes might not be suitable candidates for mRNA vaccination. Conclusions: In PAAD, ANO6, PAK2, CHMP2B, and RAB5A are prospective pyroptosis-related antigens for mRNA vaccine development, which holds potential benefits for patients classified as PS3 and those with diminished hub gene expressions, providing insights into personalized mRNA vaccine strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Personalized Medicine in Cancer Treatment: Apoptosis, Autophagy, and Drug Selection)
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Review

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21 pages, 5271 KiB  
Review
An Update on the Study of the Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Autophagy during Bacterial Pathogenesis
by Md Ataur Rahman, Amily Sarker, Mohammed Ayaz, Ananya Rahman Shatabdy, Nabila Haque, Maroua Jalouli, MD. Hasanur Rahman, Taslin Jahan Mou, Shuvra Kanti Dey, Ehsanul Hoque Apu, Muhammad Sohail Zafar and Md. Anowar Khasru Parvez
Biomedicines 2024, 12(8), 1757; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12081757 - 5 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1120
Abstract
Autophagy is a unique catabolic process that degrades irrelevant or damaged components in eukaryotic cells to maintain homeostasis and eliminate infections from pathogenesis. Pathogenic bacteria have developed many autophagy manipulation techniques that affect host immune responses and intracellular bacterial pathogens have evolved to [...] Read more.
Autophagy is a unique catabolic process that degrades irrelevant or damaged components in eukaryotic cells to maintain homeostasis and eliminate infections from pathogenesis. Pathogenic bacteria have developed many autophagy manipulation techniques that affect host immune responses and intracellular bacterial pathogens have evolved to avoid xenophagy. However, reducing its effectiveness as an innate immune response has not yet been elucidated. Bacterial pathogens cause autophagy in infected cells as a cell-autonomous defense mechanism to eliminate the pathogen. However, harmful bacteria have learned to control autophagy and defeat host defenses. Intracellular bacteria can stimulate and control autophagy, while others inhibit it to prevent xenophagy and lysosomal breakdown. This review evaluates the putative functions for xenophagy in regulating bacterial infection, emphasizing that successful pathogens have evolved strategies to disrupt or exploit this defense, reducing its efficiency in innate immunity. Instead, animal models show that autophagy-associated proteins influence bacterial pathogenicity outside of xenophagy. We also examine the consequences of the complex interaction between autophagy and bacterial pathogens in light of current efforts to modify autophagy and develop host-directed therapeutics to fight bacterial infections. Therefore, effective pathogens have evolved to subvert or exploit xenophagy, although autophagy-associated proteins can influence bacterial pathogenicity outside of xenophagy. Finally, this review implies how the complex interaction between autophagy and bacterial pathogens affects host-directed therapy for bacterial pathogenesis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Personalized Medicine in Cancer Treatment: Apoptosis, Autophagy, and Drug Selection)
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