Obesity, Hormones and Reproductive Health

A special issue of Biomolecules (ISSN 2218-273X). This special issue belongs to the section "Biological Factors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2025 | Viewed by 490

Special Issue Editor


E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
1. NICM-Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia
2. Discipline of Medical Sciences, School of Science, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia
Interests: obesity; metabolic syndrome; diabetes; dyslipidaemia; fatty liver disease; chronic kidney disease
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Obesity is a complex multi-factorial chronic medical condition characterized by overweight with excess or abnormal body fat accumulation. It is considered a significant risk factor when it comes to the development of numerous serious diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, stroke, cancer, gastrointestinal disorders, and sexual and reproductive dysfunction. In general, obesity is caused by increased intake of energy rich foods and/or decreased exercise and physical activity. Among the genetic factors, hormonal imbalance as a cause and consequence of obesity plays a role in the adverse health effects of obesity. Several hormones, including insulin, leptin, sex hormones and growth hormone, have been studied extensively and play a role in appetite, metabolism, body fat distribution and increased storage of excess energy as fat. Thus, excesses or deficits in hormones lead to obesity; moreover, conversely, obesity also results in changes in certain hormones that contribute to the adverse metabolic effects of obesity, leading to life-threatening chronic diseases. 

In addition to these metabolic effects, obesity and hormonal imbalances have profound impacts on sexual and reproductive health. Hormones such as estrogen, progesterone, testosterone and others are intricately involved in regulating reproductive functions, and their dysregulation due to obesity can lead to conditions such as sexual and reproductive dysfunction in both sexes together with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), infertility, menstrual irregularities and complications during pregnancy in females. The interplay between obesity, hormones and reproductive health is a critical area of research, as it not only affects individual health but also has broader implications for public health.

Although past research has focused on understanding the etiology of hormonal imbalance as a cause of obesity, recent technological and analytical advances have enabled the detection of a number of obesity-susceptible genes involved in the regulation of food intake, adipocyte function and reproductive health. These results provide plausible biological pathways that may be targeted in the future as part of treatment or prevention strategies.

We invite researchers to contribute original research articles and reviews covering studies on the interplay between obesity, hormonal imbalances, and sexual and reproductive health. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the role of hormones in obesity-related sexual and reproductive disorders; the impact of obesity on sexual health, fertility and pregnancy outcomes; and potential therapeutic interventions. Both basic and translational research papers are welcome.

Dr. Srinivas Nammi
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • obesity
  • leptin
  • insulin
  • estrogens
  • androgens
  • growth hormone
  • sexual dysfunction
  • reproductive health

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

23 pages, 6102 KB  
Review
Contribution and Regulation of HIF-1α in Testicular Injury Induced by Diabetes Mellitus
by Defan Wang, Zhenghong Zhang, Renfeng Xu and Zhengchao Wang
Biomolecules 2025, 15(8), 1190; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom15081190 - 19 Aug 2025
Viewed by 316
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, as a metabolic disorder, has received growing attention for its detrimental effects on the male reproductive system (particularly the testes) manifesting as increased oxidative stress, reduced blood perfusion, heightened inflammation, and germ cell apoptosis under hyperglycemic conditions. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, a [...] Read more.
Diabetes mellitus, as a metabolic disorder, has received growing attention for its detrimental effects on the male reproductive system (particularly the testes) manifesting as increased oxidative stress, reduced blood perfusion, heightened inflammation, and germ cell apoptosis under hyperglycemic conditions. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, a pivotal transcription factor in cellular hypoxia responses, plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism, angiogenesis, and apoptosis. Emerging evidence underscores its significant physiological and pathological roles in diabetic testicular injury. This review outlines the structural domains, activation mechanisms, and key target genes of HIF-1α, and further examines its involvement in diabetes-induced oxidative stress, impaired perfusion, endocrine dysregulation, and the imbalance of apoptosis and autophagy in testicular tissue. Notably, HIF-1α exerts protective effects by activating canonical signaling pathways such as phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI-3K)/protein kinase B (Akt), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and nuclear factor (NF)-κB, thereby enhancing antioxidant gene expression, promoting angiogenesis, and upregulating anti-apoptotic proteins. Furthermore, HIF-1α may help stabilize androgen levels by preserving Leydig cell function, potentially alleviating diabetes-associated gonadal dysfunction. This review also discusses the feasibility of targeting HIF-1α as a novel therapeutic strategy. In conclusion, a comprehensive understanding of HIF-1α’s mechanistic role in diabetic testicular damage provides valuable insights into the pathogenesis of diabetes-related reproductive disorders and offers new avenues for therapeutic intervention. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Obesity, Hormones and Reproductive Health)
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