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Biomolecules
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Cell Cycle Regulation of Algae
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Cell Cycle Regulation of Algae

A special issue of Biomolecules (ISSN 2218-273X). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2021) | Viewed by 15185

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Kateřina Bišová

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Laboratory of Cell Cycles of Algae, Prague, Czech Republic
Interests: cell cycle regulation; commitment point; DNA damage; growth; mitosis; green algae; starch
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cells and cell division have fascinated biologists for more than a century, and regulation of the cell cycle has been shown to play an important role in a wide range of biological phenomena, including cancerogenesis, DNA damage response, sexual reproduction and other activities. Algae were amongst the first organisms used as cell cycle regulation models, but these studies have, so far, been limited to only a handful of species. In this regard, different species of algae have quite specific regulatory mechanisms due to a wide variety of cell reproductive patterns. These cell division patterns vary from simple binary fission, present in the majority of other organisms, to a highly specific process of multiple fission, capable of producing more than 1000 cells within a single mother cell. In this Special Issue, we seek your contributions in the form of reviews, original research articles, or shorter “perspective” articles on any aspects of the cell cycle regulation within the widely defined group of algae. We welcome studies covering already established model organisms, but also encourage articles characterizing novel or less well characterized organisms.

Dr. Kateřina Bišová
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomolecules is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cell cycle
  • DNA replication
  • mitosis
  • DNA damage
  • growth
  • cell division

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

24 pages, 8182 KiB  
Article
In Silico and Cellular Differences Related to the Cell Division Process between the A and B Races of the Colonial Microalga Botryococcus braunii
by Xochitl Morales-de la Cruz, Alejandra Mandujano-Chávez, Daniel R. Browne, Timothy P. Devarenne, Lino Sánchez-Segura, Mercedes G. López and Edmundo Lozoya-Gloria
Biomolecules 2021, 11(10), 1463; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11101463 - 5 Oct 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3658
Abstract
Botryococcus braunii produce liquid hydrocarbons able to be processed into combustion engine fuels. Depending on the growing conditions, the cell doubling time can be up to 6 days or more, which is a slow growth rate in comparison with other microalgae. Few studies [...] Read more.
Botryococcus braunii produce liquid hydrocarbons able to be processed into combustion engine fuels. Depending on the growing conditions, the cell doubling time can be up to 6 days or more, which is a slow growth rate in comparison with other microalgae. Few studies have analyzed the cell cycle of B. braunii. We did a bioinformatic comparison between the protein sequences for retinoblastoma and cyclin-dependent kinases from the A (Yamanaka) and B (Showa) races, with those sequences from other algae and Arabidopsis thaliana. Differences in the number of cyclin-dependent kinases and potential retinoblastoma phosphorylation sites between the A and B races were found. Some cyclin-dependent kinases from both races seemed to be phylogenetically more similar to A. thaliana than to other microalgae. Microscopic observations were done using several staining procedures. Race A colonies, but not race B, showed some multinucleated cells without chlorophyll. An active mitochondrial net was detected in those multinucleated cells, as well as being defined in polyphosphate bodies. These observations suggest differences in the cell division processes between the A and B races of B. braunii. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cell Cycle Regulation of Algae)
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17 pages, 3622 KiB  
Article
Growth under Different Trophic Regimes and Synchronization of the Red Microalga Galdieria sulphuraria
by Vít Náhlík, Vilém Zachleder, Mária Čížková, Kateřina Bišová, Anjali Singh, Dana Mezricky, Tomáš Řezanka and Milada Vítová
Biomolecules 2021, 11(7), 939; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11070939 - 24 Jun 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3550
Abstract
The extremophilic unicellular red microalga Galdieria sulphuraria (Cyanidiophyceae) is able to grow autotrophically, or mixo- and heterotrophically with 1% glycerol as a carbon source. The alga divides by multiple fission into more than two cells within one cell cycle. The optimal conditions of [...] Read more.
The extremophilic unicellular red microalga Galdieria sulphuraria (Cyanidiophyceae) is able to grow autotrophically, or mixo- and heterotrophically with 1% glycerol as a carbon source. The alga divides by multiple fission into more than two cells within one cell cycle. The optimal conditions of light, temperature and pH (500 µmol photons m−2 s−1, 40 °C, and pH 3; respectively) for the strain Galdieria sulphuraria (Galdieri) Merola 002 were determined as a basis for synchronization experiments. For synchronization, the specific light/dark cycle, 16/8 h was identified as the precondition for investigating the cell cycle. The alga was successfully synchronized and the cell cycle was evaluated. G. sulphuraria attained two commitment points with midpoints at 10 and 13 h of the cell cycle, leading to two nuclear divisions, followed subsequently by division into four daughter cells. The daughter cells stayed in the mother cell wall until the beginning of the next light phase, when they were released. Accumulation of glycogen throughout the cell cycle was also described. The findings presented here bring a new contribution to our general understanding of the cell cycle in cyanidialean red algae, and specifically of the biotechnologically important species G. sulphuraria. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cell Cycle Regulation of Algae)
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25 pages, 9292 KiB  
Article
Characterization of Growth and Cell Cycle Events Affected by Light Intensity in the Green Alga Parachlorella kessleri: A New Model for Cell Cycle Research
by Vilém Zachleder, Ivan N. Ivanov, Veronika Kselíková, Vitali Bialevich, Milada Vítová, Shuhei Ota, Tsuyoshi Takeshita, Shigeyuki Kawano and Kateřina Bišová
Biomolecules 2021, 11(6), 891; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11060891 - 15 Jun 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3535
Abstract
Multiple fission is a cell cycle variation leading to the production of more than two daughter cells. Here, we used synchronized cultures of the chlorococcal green alga Parachlorella kessleri to study its growth and pattern of cell division under varying light intensities. The [...] Read more.
Multiple fission is a cell cycle variation leading to the production of more than two daughter cells. Here, we used synchronized cultures of the chlorococcal green alga Parachlorella kessleri to study its growth and pattern of cell division under varying light intensities. The time courses of DNA replication, nuclear and cellular division, cell size, total RNA, protein content, dry matter and accumulation of starch were observed at incident light intensities of 110, 250 and 500 µmol photons m−2s−1. Furthermore, we studied the effect of deuterated water on Parachlorella kessleri growth and division, to mimic the effect of stress. We describe a novel multiple fission cell cycle pattern characterized by multiple rounds of DNA replication leading to cell polyploidization. Once completed, multiple nuclear divisions were performed with each of them, immediately followed by protoplast fission, terminated by the formation of daughter cells. The multiple fission cell cycle was represented by several consecutive doublings of growth parameters, each leading to the start of a reproductive sequence. The number of growth doublings increased with increasing light intensity and led to division into more daughter cells. This study establishes the baseline for cell cycle research at the molecular level as well as for potential biotechnological applications, particularly directed synthesis of (deuterated) starch and/or neutral lipids as carbon and energy reserves. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cell Cycle Regulation of Algae)
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17 pages, 2218 KiB  
Article
To Divide or Not to Divide? How Deuterium Affects Growth and Division of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
by Veronika Kselíková, Vilém Zachleder and Kateřina Bišová
Biomolecules 2021, 11(6), 861; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11060861 - 9 Jun 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2717
Abstract
Extensive in vivo replacement of hydrogen by deuterium, a stable isotope of hydrogen, induces a distinct stress response, reduces cell growth and impairs cell division in various organisms. Microalgae, including Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a well-established model organism in cell cycle studies, are no [...] Read more.
Extensive in vivo replacement of hydrogen by deuterium, a stable isotope of hydrogen, induces a distinct stress response, reduces cell growth and impairs cell division in various organisms. Microalgae, including Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a well-established model organism in cell cycle studies, are no exception. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a green unicellular alga of the Chlorophyceae class, divides by multiple fission, grows autotrophically and can be synchronized by alternating light/dark regimes; this makes it a model of first choice to discriminate the effect of deuterium on growth and/or division. Here, we investigate the effects of high doses of deuterium on cell cycle progression in C. reinhardtii. Synchronous cultures of C. reinhardtii were cultivated in growth medium containing 70 or 90% D2O. We characterize specific deuterium-induced shifts in attainment of commitment points during growth and/or division of C. reinhardtii, contradicting the role of the “sizer” in regulating the cell cycle. Consequently, impaired cell cycle progression in deuterated cultures causes (over)accumulation of starch and lipids, suggesting a promising potential for microalgae to produce deuterated organic compounds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cell Cycle Regulation of Algae)
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