Pathogenesis and Neuropathology of Alzheimer's Disease

A special issue of Biomolecules (ISSN 2218-273X). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 April 2025 | Viewed by 1756

Special Issue Editors


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Department of Biomedical Sciences, Noorda College of Osteopathic Medicine, Provo, UT, USA
Interests: HIV; NeuroAIDS; CRISPR gene-editing; Alzheimer’s disease; nanotechnology
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Guest Editor
Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
Interests: mitochondrial fragmentation; mitochondria-ER contacts; neurological disorders; RNA m6A modification; neuron-glia crosstalk
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and the leading neurodegenerative disorder worldwide. It typically manifests as a decline in short-term memory and cognitive abilities, impairing daily functioning. While most AD cases are sporadic, a few hereditary forms have been identified, providing important genetic and neuropathological insights into its broader causes. The disease is characterized by synaptic loss and neuronal shrinkage, particularly in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Hallmarks of AD include amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tau tangles—misfolded protein clumps scattered throughout the brain. Other pathological features of AD comprise abnormal microvasculature, mitochondrial dysfunction, interneuronal dysfunction, increased inflammatory response, elevated production of reactive oxygen species, impaired brain metabolism, dysregulated gene expression, etc. Alzheimer's disease is projected to become a significant public health crisis, and without effective interventions, it will impose considerable personal and economic burdens. Investigating the pathogenesis of AD is critical to identifying therapeutic targets that could lead to disease-modifying treatments. Neuropathological studies of presymptomatic or early symptomatic mutation carriers may offer valuable insights into the etiology of Alzheimer’s disease, similar to other neurodegenerative conditions.

The following Special Issue will explore the neuropathology of Alzheimer’s disease and present new insights into its pathogenesis. We will also showcase exceptional studies investigating predisposing factors leading to neuropathology and identifying early diagnostic markers and methods for AD diagnosis. We hope that this Special Issue will foster a deeper understanding of AD’s pathogenesis, early detection, and possible interventions.

Dr. Venkata Atluri
Dr. Fanpeng Zhao
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • Alzheimer disease
  • pathogenesis
  • neuropathology
  • diagnosis
  • neurodegenerative diseases
  • microRNA as diagnostic marker
  • the important modulatory action of DNA repair enzyme DNA-PKcs in synaptic plasticity

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 2426 KiB  
Article
Identifying Hub Genes and miRNAs Associated with Alzheimer’s Disease: A Bioinformatics Pathway to Novel Therapeutic Strategies
by Elisa Gascón, Ana Cristina Calvo, Nora Molina, Pilar Zaragoza and Rosario Osta
Biomolecules 2024, 14(12), 1641; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14121641 - 20 Dec 2024
Viewed by 350
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that mainly affects the elderly population. It is characterized by cognitive impairment and dementia due to abnormal levels of amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) and axonal Tau protein in the brain. However, the complex underlying mechanisms affecting [...] Read more.
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that mainly affects the elderly population. It is characterized by cognitive impairment and dementia due to abnormal levels of amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) and axonal Tau protein in the brain. However, the complex underlying mechanisms affecting this disease are not yet known, and there is a lack of standardized biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Therefore, in this study, by means of bioinformatics analysis, AD-affected brain tissue was analyzed using the GSE138260 dataset, identifying 612 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Functional analysis revealed 388 upregulated DEGs associated with sensory perception and 224 downregulated DEGs linked to the regulation and modulation of synaptic processes. Protein–protein interaction network analysis identified 20 hub genes. Furthermore, miRNA target gene networks revealed 1767 miRNAs linked to hub genes, among which hsa-mir-106a-5p, hsa-mir-17-5p, hsa-mir-26a-5p, hsa-mir-27a-3p and hsa-mir-34a-5p were the most relevant. This study presents novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AD by analyzing the information obtained with a comprehensive literature review, providing new potential targets to study their role in AD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathogenesis and Neuropathology of Alzheimer's Disease)
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Review

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17 pages, 597 KiB  
Review
Navigating Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Models: Age-Related Pathology and Cognitive Deficits
by Laura Maria De Plano, Alessandra Saitta, Salvatore Oddo and Antonella Caccamo
Biomolecules 2024, 14(11), 1405; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14111405 - 5 Nov 2024
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Abstract
Since the mid-1990s, scientists have been generating mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease to elucidate key mechanisms underlying the onset and progression of the disease and aid in developing potential therapeutic approaches. The first successful mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease was reported in 1995 [...] Read more.
Since the mid-1990s, scientists have been generating mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease to elucidate key mechanisms underlying the onset and progression of the disease and aid in developing potential therapeutic approaches. The first successful mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease was reported in 1995 with the generation of the PDAPP mice, which were obtained by the overexpression of gene coding for the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Since then, scientists have used different approaches to develop other APP overexpression mice, mice overexpressing tau, or a combination of them. More recently, Saito and colleagues generated a mouse model by knocking in mutations associated with familial Alzheimer’s disease into the APP gene. In this review, we will describe the most used animal models and provide a practical guide for the disease’s age of onset and progression. We believe that this guide will be valuable for the planning and experimental design of studies utilizing these mouse models. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathogenesis and Neuropathology of Alzheimer's Disease)
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