Biomolecular Investigations of Alzheimer's Diseases

A special issue of Biomolecules (ISSN 2218-273X). This special issue belongs to the section "Biological Factors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 July 2022) | Viewed by 6722

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, 333 Techno Jungang-daero Hyeonpung-myeon Dalseong-gun, Daegu, Korea
Interests: Alzheimer’s disease; Neuron; Dendrites; Signaling

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Guest Editor
Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, 155 Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
Interests: Alzheimer's disease; neurodegeneration; neurodegenerative diseases; neuroinflammation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder. Because of the growing elderly, the WHO prediction for 2050 is more than 115 million individuals will be affected. The severity of AD is that patients with advanced AD are wholly dependent on nursing care. Therefore, AD is currently the most socially costly disease.

Biomarkers are indicators of a biological condition found in the human body and are clinically very useful for determining the risk, presence, and severity of a disease. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is the most common source of molecular biomarkers in AD. CSF biomarkers are sensitive and specific, but their use is limited because it requires an invasive lumbar puncture that can cause side effects. On the other hand, neuroimaging also provides critical information about the gross pathological status and affected specific brain areas. However, neuroimaging has an entry barrier to general use due to its high cost and in some cases a reluctance to radiation exposure. Thus, there is a strong need to find new biomarkers for less invasive and less expensive diagnostic tests to identify the risk of Alzheimer’s disease. The option was to search for peripheral biomarkers, including new blood- or other body fluid-borne biomarkers. Due to the lower cost and reduced invasiveness, peripheral biomarkers can provide a great opportunity to serve as a screening test to help diagnose neurodegeneration and monitor progression and response to a hypothetical treatment.

In this Special Issue of the Biomolecules, the tentative topic will be peripheral biomarkers in AD. It is dedicated to research articles and reviews regarding biomolecules useful for diagnosis, evolution, prevention, and risk factors for AD. 

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

- Genetic biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease

- Peripheral fluid-based biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease

- New CSF biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease

- Cell-based biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease

- Other peripheral biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease

Prof. Dr. Cheil Moon
Prof. Keun-A Chang
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • neurodegeneration
  • Alzheimer’s disease
  • biomarkers
  • body fluid
  • diagnosis methods

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 2145 KiB  
Communication
A Multi-Chamber Paper-Based Platform for the Detection of Amyloid β Oligomers 42 via Copper-Enhanced Gold Immunoblotting
by Le-Minh-Tu Phan and Sungbo Cho
Biomolecules 2021, 11(7), 948; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11070948 - 26 Jun 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2291
Abstract
The early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains a challenge for medical scientists worldwide, leading to a number of research efforts that focus on biosensor development for AD biomarkers. However, the application of these complicated biosensors is limited in medical diagnosis, due to [...] Read more.
The early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains a challenge for medical scientists worldwide, leading to a number of research efforts that focus on biosensor development for AD biomarkers. However, the application of these complicated biosensors is limited in medical diagnosis, due to the difficulties in robust sensing platform development, high costs, and the necessity for technical professionals. We successfully developed a robust straightforward manufacturing process for the fabrication of multi-chamber paper devices using the wax printing method and exploited it to detect amyloid beta 42 oligomers (AβO42, a significant biomarker of AD) using copper-enhanced gold nanoprobe colorimetric immunoblotting. Small hydrophilic reaction chambers could concentrate the target sample to the desired size to improve the sensing performance. The copper-enhanced gold nanoprobe immunoblot using the designed multi-chamber platform exhibited a highly sensitive performance with a limit of detection of 320 pg/mL by the naked eye and 23.7 pg/mL by a smartphone camera. This process from sensing manufacture to sensing conduction is simple to perform whenever medical technicians require time- and cost-savings, without complicated instruments or the need for technical professionals, making it feasible to serve as a diagnostic tool worldwide for the early monitoring of AD and scalable devices for the sensing application of various biomarkers in clinical settings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomolecular Investigations of Alzheimer's Diseases)
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Review

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16 pages, 1571 KiB  
Review
Brain-Derived Exosomal Proteins as Effective Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Ka Young Kim, Ki Young Shin and Keun-A Chang
Biomolecules 2021, 11(7), 980; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11070980 - 3 Jul 2021
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3523
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disease, affects approximately 50 million people worldwide, which warrants the search for reliable new biomarkers for early diagnosis of AD. Brain-derived exosomal (BDE) proteins, which are extracellular nanovesicles released by all cell lineages of the central nervous [...] Read more.
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disease, affects approximately 50 million people worldwide, which warrants the search for reliable new biomarkers for early diagnosis of AD. Brain-derived exosomal (BDE) proteins, which are extracellular nanovesicles released by all cell lineages of the central nervous system, have been focused as biomarkers for diagnosis, screening, prognosis prediction, and monitoring in AD. This review focused on the possibility of BDE proteins as AD biomarkers. The articles published prior to 26 January 2021 were searched in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library to identify all relevant studies that reported exosome biomarkers in blood samples of patients with AD. From 342 articles, 20 studies were selected for analysis. We conducted a meta-analysis of six BDE proteins and found that levels of amyloid-β42 (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 1.534, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.595–2.474), total-tau (SMD = 1.224, 95% CI: 0.534–1.915), tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (SMD = 4.038, 95% CI: 2.312-5.764), and tau phosphorylated at serine 396 (SMD = 2.511, 95% CI: 0.795–4.227) were significantly different in patients with AD compared to those in control. Whereas, those of p-tyrosine-insulin receptor substrate-1 and heat shock protein 70 did not show significant differences. This review suggested that Aβ42, t-tau, p-T181-tau, and p-S396-tau could be effective in diagnosing AD as blood biomarkers, despite the limitation in the meta-analysis based on the availability of data. Therefore, certain BDE proteins could be used as effective biomarkers for AD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomolecular Investigations of Alzheimer's Diseases)
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