SPR Biosensors and Their Applications

A special issue of Biosensors (ISSN 2079-6374). This special issue belongs to the section "Optical and Photonic Biosensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 August 2023) | Viewed by 13644

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 12-56126 Pisa, Italy
Interests: biosensor; surface plasmon resonance; nanotechnology; biochemistry; functional nanoparticles; affinity assay; drug delivery; clinical diagnostics; cancer treatment

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Biosensors based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) are utilized in biosensing in numerous ways today. The several applications range from clinical detection, disease diagnosis, food allergen and pathogen determination to drug screening, quantitative and qualitative assays, and biocatalysis. As a reliable, fast, and customizable technique, SPR has been assessed in recent years as a tool for the detection and quantification of biomolecules. Different SPR setups and strategies have been developed by researchers, reaching sensitive, specific, and real-time detections.

This Special Issue aims to harvest the latest advances in SPR-based biosensors, focusing on the most innovative materials, bioassays, and other applications developed for SPR biosensing.

Dr. Maria Laura Ermini
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biosensor
  • surface plasmon resonance
  • biochemistry
  • affinity assay
  • nucleic acids
  • cells
  • antibodies
  • peptides
  • clinical diagnostics
  • food analysis

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 2153 KiB  
Article
Extract2Chip—Bypassing Protein Purification in Drug Discovery Using Surface Plasmon Resonance
by Ana C. F. Paiva, Ana R. Lemos, Philipp Busse, Madalena T. Martins, Diana O. Silva, Micael C. Freitas, Sandra P. Santos, Filipe Freire, Evelyne J. Barrey, Xavier Manival, Lisa Koetzner, Timo Heinrich, Ansgar Wegener, Ulrich Grädler, Tiago M. Bandeiras, Daniel Schwarz and Pedro M. F. Sousa
Biosensors 2023, 13(10), 913; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13100913 - 5 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3055
Abstract
Modern drug discovery relies on combinatorial screening campaigns to find drug molecules targeting specific disease-associated proteins. The success of such campaigns often relies on functional and structural information of the selected therapeutic target, only achievable once its purification is mastered. With the aim [...] Read more.
Modern drug discovery relies on combinatorial screening campaigns to find drug molecules targeting specific disease-associated proteins. The success of such campaigns often relies on functional and structural information of the selected therapeutic target, only achievable once its purification is mastered. With the aim of bypassing the protein purification process to gain insights on the druggability, ligand binding, and/or characterization of protein–protein interactions, herein, we describe the Extract2Chip method. This approach builds on the immobilization of site-specific biotinylated proteins of interest, directly from cellular extracts, on avidin-coated sensor chips to allow for the characterization of molecular interactions via surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The developed method was initially validated using Cyclophilin D (CypD) and subsequently applied to other drug discovery projects in which the targets of interest were difficult to express, purify, and crystallize. Extract2Chip was successfully applied to the characterization of Yes-associated protein (YAP): Transcriptional enhancer factor TEF (TEAD1) protein–protein interaction inhibitors, in the validation of a ternary complex assembly composed of Dyskerin pseudouridine synthase 1 (DKC1) and RuvBL1/RuvBL2, and in the establishment of a fast-screening platform to select the most suitable NUAK family SNF1-like kinase 2 (NUAK2) surrogate for binding and structural studies. The described method paves the way for a potential revival of the many drug discovery campaigns that have failed to deliver due to the lack of suitable and sufficient protein supply. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue SPR Biosensors and Their Applications)
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17 pages, 8613 KiB  
Article
Plasmonic Refractive Index Sensor Enhanced with Chitosan/Au Bilayer Thin Film for Dopamine Detection
by Faten Bashar Kamal Eddin, Yap Wing Fen, Josephine Ying Chyi Liew and Wan Mohd Ebtisyam Mustaqim Mohd Daniyal
Biosensors 2022, 12(12), 1124; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12121124 - 3 Dec 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2071
Abstract
Surface plasmonic sensors have received considerable attention, found extensive applications, and outperformed conventional optical sensors. In this work, biopolymer chitosan (CS) was used to prepare the bilayer structure (CS/Au) of a plasmonic refractive index sensor for dopamine (DA) detection. The sensing characteristics of [...] Read more.
Surface plasmonic sensors have received considerable attention, found extensive applications, and outperformed conventional optical sensors. In this work, biopolymer chitosan (CS) was used to prepare the bilayer structure (CS/Au) of a plasmonic refractive index sensor for dopamine (DA) detection. The sensing characteristics of the developed plasmonic sensor were evaluated. Increasing DA concentrations significantly shifted the SPR dips. The sensor exhibited stability and a refractive index sensitivity of 8.850°/RIU in the linear range 0.1 nM to 1 µM with a detection limit of 0.007 nM and affinity constant of 1.383 × 108 M−1. The refractive index and thickness of the CS/Au structure were measured simultaneously by fitting the obtained experimental findings to theoretical data based on Fresnel equations. The fitting yielded the refractive index values n (1.5350 ± 0.0001) and k (0.0150 ± 0.0001) for the CS layer contacting 0.1 nM of DA, and the thickness, d was (15.00 ± 0.01) nm. Then, both n and d values increased by increasing DA concentrations. In addition, the changes in the FTIR spectrum and the variations in sensor surface roughness and structure obtained by AFM analysis confirmed DA adsorption on the sensing layer. Based on these observations, CS/Au bilayer has enhanced the performance of this plasmonic sensor, which showed promising importance as a simple, low-cost, and reliable platform for DA sensing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue SPR Biosensors and Their Applications)
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22 pages, 4762 KiB  
Article
Highly Sensitive TiO2/Au/Graphene Layer-Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor for Cancer Detection
by Shahriar Mostufa, Tarik Bin Abdul Akib, Md. Masud Rana and Md. Rabiul Islam
Biosensors 2022, 12(8), 603; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12080603 - 5 Aug 2022
Cited by 52 | Viewed by 4472
Abstract
In this article, a hybrid TiO2/Au/graphene layer-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor with improved sensitivity and capability for cancer detection is presented. The finite element method (FEM) was used for numerical analysis. The proposed SPR biosensor was structured based on the [...] Read more.
In this article, a hybrid TiO2/Au/graphene layer-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor with improved sensitivity and capability for cancer detection is presented. The finite element method (FEM) was used for numerical analysis. The proposed SPR biosensor was structured based on the angular analysis of the attenuated total reflection (ATR) method for the detection of various types of cancer using the refractive index component. The resonance angle shifted owing to the increment of normal and cancerous cells’ refractive index, which varied between 1.36 and 1.401 for six different types of normal and cancerous cells. According to numerical results, the obtained sensitivities for skin (basal), cervical (HeLa), adrenal gland (PC12), blood (Jurkat), and breast (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) cancer cells were 210 deg/RIU, 245.83 deg/RIU, 264.285 deg/RIU, 285.71 deg/RIU, 292.86 deg/RIU, and 278.57 deg/RIU, respectively. Furthermore, the detection accuracy (DA), figure of merits (FOM), and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) were also obtained, with values of 0.263 deg−1, 48.02 RIU−1, and 3.84, respectively. Additionally, the distribution of the electric field and the propagation of the magnetic field for resonant and non-resonant conditions of the proposed structure were illustrated. It was found that an enhanced field was exhibited on the surface of the plasmonic material for resonant conditions. We also measured the penetration depth of 180 nm using decayed electric field intensity. Furthermore, the impact of using a TiO2/Au/graphene layer was demonstrated. We further conducted analyses of the effects of the thickness of the gold layer and the effects of additional graphene layers on overall sensitivities for six different types of cancer. The proposed TiO2/Au/graphene layered structure exhibited the highest overall sensitivity in terms of detecting cancerous cells from healthy cells. Moreover, the proposed sensor was numerically analyzed for a wide range of biological solutions (refractive index 1.33–1.41), and the sensor linearity was calculated with a linear regression coefficient (R2) of 0.9858. Finally, numerical results obtained in this manuscript exhibited high sensitivity in comparison with previously reported studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue SPR Biosensors and Their Applications)
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15 pages, 3262 KiB  
Article
Selective Amplification of Plasmonic Sensor Signal for Cortisol Detection Using Gold Nanoparticles
by Gaye Ezgi Yılmaz, Yeşeren Saylan, Ilgım Göktürk, Fatma Yılmaz and Adil Denizli
Biosensors 2022, 12(7), 482; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12070482 - 1 Jul 2022
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 2654
Abstract
Herein, gold nanoparticles (AuNP)-modified cortisol-imprinted (AuNP-MIP) plasmonic sensor was developed for signal amplification and real-time cortisol determination in both aqueous and complex solutions. Firstly, the sensor surfaces were modified with 3-(trimethoxylyl)propyl methacrylate and then pre-complex was prepared using the functional monomer N-methacryloyl-L-histidine methyl [...] Read more.
Herein, gold nanoparticles (AuNP)-modified cortisol-imprinted (AuNP-MIP) plasmonic sensor was developed for signal amplification and real-time cortisol determination in both aqueous and complex solutions. Firstly, the sensor surfaces were modified with 3-(trimethoxylyl)propyl methacrylate and then pre-complex was prepared using the functional monomer N-methacryloyl-L-histidine methyl ester. The monomer solution was made ready for polymerization by adding 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate to ethylene glycol dimethacrylate. In order to confirm the signal enhancing effect of AuNP, only cortisol-imprinted (MIP) plasmonic sensor was prepared without AuNP. To determine the selectivity efficiency of the imprinting process, the non-imprinted (AuNP-NIP) plasmonic sensor was also prepared without cortisol. The characterization studies of the sensors were performed with atomic force microscopy and contact angle measurements. The kinetic analysis of the AuNP-MIP plasmonic sensor exhibited a high correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.97) for a wide range (0.01–100 ppb) with a low detection limit (0.0087 ppb) for cortisol detection. Moreover, the high imprinting efficiency (k′ = 9.67) of the AuNP-MIP plasmonic sensor was determined by comparison with the AuNP-NIP plasmonic sensor. All kinetic results were validated and confirmed by HPLC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue SPR Biosensors and Their Applications)
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