Function and Dysfunction of Peripheral Nociceptors

A special issue of Brain Sciences (ISSN 2076-3425). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2020) | Viewed by 8429

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
Interests: medical education; anatomy & histology; neuroscience; peripheral nociception; pain signalling

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Peripheral nociceptors with pseudounipolar cell bodies in dorsal root (DRG) and trigeminal (TG) ganglia are sensors that project to all parts of our body and warn us of actual or potential harm. With up to one-meter-long axonal processes that include components of the protein translational machinery, the ability for axon regeneration and even generation of new sensory nerve cells, combined with a special ability to interact with the immune system in absence of a blood–brain barrier, DRG and their nociceptive neurons are indeed unique. Investigations of peripheral nociceptors are hampered by their heterogeneity; there is not one source of harm, there is not one form of pain, and there is not one type of nociceptor. Consequently, differences such as expression of receptor molecules and connections to the central nervous system define subpopulations of nociceptive DRG neurons.
Furthermore, it is still not clear what signals and cues inside and outside of our body activate and sensitize peripheral nociceptors and how we can use the unique potential of these nerve cells to advance in fields such as nerve regeneration and pain measurement. Hence, it is important to provide an overview and update for researchers and clinicians.

Prof. Rainer Haberberger
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • peripheral pain
  • nociception
  • dorsal root ganglion
  • signaling
  • biomarker
  • regeneration

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 1717 KiB  
Article
Ultrasound Stimulation Increases Neurite Regeneration in Injured Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons through Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Activation
by Sungmin Han, Jinyoung Park, Won Seok Choi and Inchan Youn
Brain Sci. 2020, 10(7), 409; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10070409 - 30 Jun 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3398
Abstract
Ultrasound stimulation (US) is reported to be a safe and useful technology for improving injured nerve regeneration. However, the intracellular mechanisms underlying its stimulatory effects are only partially understood. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is involved in neuronal survival and axonal outgrowth. [...] Read more.
Ultrasound stimulation (US) is reported to be a safe and useful technology for improving injured nerve regeneration. However, the intracellular mechanisms underlying its stimulatory effects are only partially understood. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is involved in neuronal survival and axonal outgrowth. In this study, we investigated the effect of US on regeneration of injured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and activation of the mTOR pathway. We showed that US significantly increased neurite regeneration and enhanced mTOR activation. Moreover, the expression of growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43), a crucial factor for axonal outgrowth and regeneration in neurons, was significantly increased by US. These data suggest that US-induced neurite regeneration is mediated by upregulation of mTOR activity, which promotes the regeneration of injured DRG neurons. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Function and Dysfunction of Peripheral Nociceptors)
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19 pages, 6385 KiB  
Article
Selected Ionotropic Receptors and Voltage-Gated Ion Channels: More Functional Competence for Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (iPSC)-Derived Nociceptors
by Clemens L. Schoepf, Maximilian Zeidler, Lisa Spiecker, Georg Kern, Judith Lechner, Kai K. Kummer and Michaela Kress
Brain Sci. 2020, 10(6), 344; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10060344 - 3 Jun 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4788
Abstract
Preclinical research using different rodent model systems has largely contributed to the scientific progress in the pain field, however, it suffers from interspecies differences, limited access to human models, and ethical concerns. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer major advantages over animal [...] Read more.
Preclinical research using different rodent model systems has largely contributed to the scientific progress in the pain field, however, it suffers from interspecies differences, limited access to human models, and ethical concerns. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer major advantages over animal models, i.e., they retain the genome of the donor (patient), and thus allow donor-specific and cell-type specific research. Consequently, human iPSC-derived nociceptors (iDNs) offer intriguingly new possibilities for patient-specific, animal-free research. In the present study, we characterized iDNs based on the expression of well described nociceptive markers and ion channels, and we conducted a side-by-side comparison of iDNs with mouse sensory neurons. Specifically, immunofluorescence (IF) analyses with selected markers including early somatosensory transcription factors (BRN3A/ISL1/RUNX1), the low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor (p75), hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (HCN), as well as high voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCC) of the CaV2 type, calcium permeable TRPV1 channels, and ionotropic GABAA receptors, were used to address the characteristics of the iDN phenotype. We further combined IF analyses with microfluorimetric Ca2+ measurements to address the functionality of these ion channels in iDNs. Thus, we provide a detailed morphological and functional characterization of iDNs, thereby, underpinning their enormous potential as an animal-free alternative for human specific research in the pain field for unveiling pathophysiological mechanisms and for unbiased, disease-specific personalized drug development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Function and Dysfunction of Peripheral Nociceptors)
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