The Latest Exploration of Cerebrovascular Diseases: From Preclinical Research to Treatment

A special issue of Brain Sciences (ISSN 2076-3425). This special issue belongs to the section "Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 3 February 2025 | Viewed by 460

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
1. Institute of Neuroradiology, Aarau Cantonal Hospital, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland
2. Department of Neuroradiology, Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
Interests: aneurysm wall biology; animal models for the study of endovascular technologies; cerebrovascular surgery and minimally invasive procedures; intraoperative technology; device development
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Guest Editor
1. Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
2. Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
Interests: functional neuroimaging; brain hemodynamics; BOLD functional MRI to assess cerebrovascular reactivity in cerebrovascular diseases (brain AVM, large athero-sclerotic vessel occlusion, Moyamoya disease); role of surgical revascularization in acute stroke

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The latest exploration of cerebrovascular diseases, which encompasses a range of conditions affecting blood flow to the brain and cerebral hemodynamic status, has marked significant advancements from preclinical research to clinical treatments. Preclinical studies have delved into the intricate mechanisms of these diseases, uncovering critical insights into risk factors, genetic predispositions, and molecular pathways. Breakthroughs in neuroimaging and biomarker identification have enhanced early detection and diagnosis, paving the way for more targeted interventions.

On the diagnostic and treatment front, innovative approaches are emerging. Novel, non-invasive, and quantitative imaging techniques to assess brain hemodynamics and collateral vessel status through innovative MRI methods shape our understanding and broaden the multimodal treatment options for various neurovascular diseases, including acute ischemic stroke. Cutting-edge therapies, such as neuroprotective drugs and advanced endovascular techniques, are showing promise in reducing the impact of strokes and other cerebrovascular events. Regenerative medicine, including stem cell therapy, offers hope for repairing brain damage and restoring function. Furthermore, personalized medicine is gaining traction, with treatments tailored to the individual’s genetic and clinical profile, improving outcomes and reducing adverse effects.

Integrating artificial intelligence and machine learning revolutionizes research and clinical practice, enabling more precise diagnosis, disease progression prediction, and treatment strategy optimization. This multi-faceted approach, from preclinical discoveries to personalized treatments, signifies a new era in the fight against cerebrovascular diseases, offering hope for improved patient outcomes and quality of life.

Dr. Basil Grüter
Dr. Martina Sebök
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • intracranial aneurysm
  • arterio-venous malformation (AVM)
  • dural arterio-venous fistula (AVF)
  • ischaemic stroke
  • chronic steno-occlusive disease

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

13 pages, 3354 KiB  
Article
BOLD Cerebrovascular Reactivity and NOVA Quantitative MR Angiography in Adult Patients with Moyamoya Vasculopathy Undergoing Cerebral Bypass Surgery
by Loris Garbani Nerini, Jacopo Bellomo, Lara Maria Höbner, Vittorio Stumpo, Elisa Colombo, Christiaan Hendrik Bas van Niftrik, Tilman Schubert, Zsolt Kulcsár, Susanne Wegener, Andreas Luft, Luca Regli, Jorn Fierstra, Martina Sebök and Giuseppe Esposito
Brain Sci. 2024, 14(8), 762; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14080762 - 29 Jul 2024
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Abstract
Revascularization surgery for the symptomatic hemisphere with hemodynamic impairment is effective for Moyamoya vasculopathy patients. However, careful patient selection is crucial and ideally supported by advanced quantitative hemodynamic imaging. Recently, blood oxygenation level-dependent cerebrovascular reactivity (BOLD-CVR) and quantitative magnetic resonance angiography with non-invasive [...] Read more.
Revascularization surgery for the symptomatic hemisphere with hemodynamic impairment is effective for Moyamoya vasculopathy patients. However, careful patient selection is crucial and ideally supported by advanced quantitative hemodynamic imaging. Recently, blood oxygenation level-dependent cerebrovascular reactivity (BOLD-CVR) and quantitative magnetic resonance angiography with non-invasive optimal vessel analysis (qMRA-NOVA) have gained prominence in assessing these patients. This study aims to present the results of BOLD-CVR and qMRA-NOVA imaging along with the changes in cerebral hemodynamics and flow status following flow augmentation with superficial temporal artery–middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass in our Moyamoya vasculopathy patient cohort. Symptomatic patients with Moyamoya vasculopathy treated at the Clinical Neuroscience Center of the University Hospital Zurich who underwent hemodynamic and flow imaging (BOLD-CVR and qMRA-NOVA) before and after bypass were included in the analysis. Reduced hemispheric volume flow rates, as well as impaired BOLD-CVR, were measured in all 12 patients with Moyamoya vasculopathy before STA-MCA bypass surgery. Following the surgical procedure, post-operative BOLD-CVR demonstrated a non-significant increase in BOLD-CVR values within the revascularized, symptomatic middle cerebral artery territory and cerebral hemisphere. The results of the statistical tests should be viewed as indicative due to the small sample size. Additionally, post-operative qMRA-NOVA revealed a significant improvement in the hemispheric volume flow rate of the affected hemisphere due to the additional bypass flow rate. Our findings affirm the presence of hemodynamic and flow impairments in the symptomatic hemisphere of the Moyamoya vasculopathy patients. Bypass surgery proves effective in improving both BOLD-CVR impairment and the hemispheric volume flow rate in our patient cohort. Full article
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