Insights into Cancer Stem Cells

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Tumor Microenvironment".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 March 2025 | Viewed by 2958

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Guest Editor
Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Health Science Campus, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
Interests: chemokine receptors; chemotaxis; cap-dependent mRNA translation in cancer; eukaryotic translation initiation factors, eIF4A1, metastasis; breast cancer; pancreatic cancer; precision medicine/targeted therapy; small molecule inhibitors
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) or cancer stem-like cells (CSLCs) comprise a small percentage of cells (2–5%) in a given tumor type. Despite this fact, they play a vital role in minimal residual disease and subsequent relapse with associated chemoresistance. Cancer stemness has been a challenge in clinical settings to overcome therapy failure. Simultaneous elimination of CSCs or CSLCs and bulk tumor cells is critical to win the chemotherapy battle.

For this Special Issue of Cancers, we welcome original research and review articles that provide an overview of the most recent advances and future challenges involving CSCs or CSLCs: (1) novel and vulnerable molecular targets; (2) novel autocrine pathways and paracrine mechanisms between CSCs and stromal elements such as immune cells; (3) development of novel therapies including immunotherapies; (4) drug resistance mechanisms; (5) mechanisms by which pluripotency is regulated and maintained; (6) CSC niche; (7) novel and emerging technologies to study cancer stemness; (8) epigenetic influences on CSC/CSCLs.

Dr. Dayanidhi Raman
Guest Editor

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 4889 KiB  
Article
Crosstalk Between Omental Adipose-Derived Stem Cells and Gastric Cancer Cells Regulates Cancer Stemness and Chemotherapy Resistance
by Jun Kinoshita, Kenta Doden, Yusuke Sakimura, Saki Hayashi, Hiroto Saito, Toshikatsu Tsuji, Daisuke Yamamoto, Hideki Moriyama, Toshinari Minamoto and Noriyuki Inaki
Cancers 2024, 16(24), 4275; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16244275 - 23 Dec 2024
Viewed by 675
Abstract
Background: Peritoneal metastasis (PM) remains a major challenge in patients with gastric cancer (GC) and occurs preferentially in adipose-rich organs, such as the omentum. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) may influence cancer behavior. This study aimed to investigate whether ASCs isolated from the omentum [...] Read more.
Background: Peritoneal metastasis (PM) remains a major challenge in patients with gastric cancer (GC) and occurs preferentially in adipose-rich organs, such as the omentum. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) may influence cancer behavior. This study aimed to investigate whether ASCs isolated from the omentum can act as progenitors of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and analyze their effects on the cancer stem cell (CSC) niche and the treatment resistance of GC cells. Methods: ASCs were isolated from the human omentum and their cellular characteristics were analyzed during co-culturing with GC cells. Results: ASCs express CAF markers and promote desmoplasia in cancer stroma in a mouse xenograft model. When co-cultured with GC cells, ASCs enhanced the sphere-forming efficiency of MKN45 and MKN74 cells. ASCs increased IL-6 secretion and enhanced the expression of Nanog and CD44v6 in GC cells; however, these changes were suppressed by the inhibition of IL-6. Xenograft mouse models co-inoculated with MKN45 cells and ASCs showed enhanced CD44v6 and Nanog expression and markedly reduced apoptosis induced by 5-FU treatment. Conclusion: This study improves our understanding of ASCs’ role in PM treatment resistance and has demonstrated the potential for new treatment strategies targeting ASCs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Insights into Cancer Stem Cells)
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19 pages, 2779 KiB  
Article
Influence of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Inhibition on Stemness of Endometrial Cancer Stem Cells
by Beatriz Serambeque, Catarina Mestre, Gabriela Correia-Barros, Ricardo Teixo, Carlos Miguel Marto, Ana Cristina Gonçalves, Francisco Caramelo, Isabel Silva, Artur Paiva, Hans C. Beck, Ana Sofia Carvalho, Maria Filomena Botelho, Maria João Carvalho, Rune Matthiesen and Mafalda Laranjo
Cancers 2024, 16(11), 2031; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16112031 - 27 May 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1784
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is one of the most common gynaecological malignancies. Although often diagnosed at an early stage, there is a subset of patients with recurrent and metastatic disease for whom current treatments are not effective. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a pivotal role [...] Read more.
Endometrial cancer is one of the most common gynaecological malignancies. Although often diagnosed at an early stage, there is a subset of patients with recurrent and metastatic disease for whom current treatments are not effective. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a pivotal role in triggering tumorigenesis, disease progression, recurrence, and metastasis, as high aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity is associated with invasiveness and chemotherapy resistance. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of ALDH inhibition in endometrial CSCs. ECC-1 and RL95-2 cells were submitted to a sphere-forming protocol to obtain endometrial CSCs. ALDH inhibition was evaluated through ALDH activity and expression, sphere-forming capacity, self-renewal, projection area, and CD133, CD44, CD24, and P53 expression. A mass spectrometry-based proteomic study was performed to determine the proteomic profile of endometrial cancer cells upon N,N-diethylaminobenzaldehyde (DEAB). DEAB reduced ALDH activity and expression, along with a significant decrease in sphere-forming capacity and projection area, with increased CD133 expression. Additionally, DEAB modulated P53 expression. Endometrial cancer cells display a distinct proteomic profile upon DEAB, sharing 75 up-regulated and 30 down-regulated proteins. In conclusion, DEAB inhibits ALDH activity and expression, influencing endometrial CSC phenotype. Furthermore, ALDH18A1, SdhA, and UBAP2L should be explored as novel molecular targets for endometrial cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Insights into Cancer Stem Cells)
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