Early Detection of Cancer and Its Recurrence – Technologies and Biomarkers to Enhance Clinical Translation

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Research of Cancer".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2023) | Viewed by 5074

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
Interests: cancer recurrence; treatment response; immunotherapy
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Early detection of cancer and earlier detection of its recurrence is of paramount importance to improve overall outcomes. Here we are interested not only in the biology and biomarkers related to earlier detection (including both circulating and tumor-specific markers) but also in advancing technologies to assist with translating these findings to clinical settings. In addition, many novel ideas fail to have clinical uptake for various reasons including due to cost, time, or complex workflows that are difficult to implement in a clinical setting. Articles of interest will thus span from technological improvements and advancements that may make the translational process to clinical applicability faster, easier, and/or less costly to specific markers or panels of markers that help to predict the presence of cancer or signify a change in the tumor behavior. In addition, articles that deal with prediction of treatment resistance (either prior to starting initial treatment or while on treatment) are also welcome, with emphasis on immunotherapies. Of special interest are findings that have applicability towards several cancers (multi-cancer or pan-cancer), though studies that are focused on single cancer types are also welcomed.

Dr. Rajan P. Kulkarni
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • early detection
  • biomarkers
  • methodologies
  • novel technology
  • cancer recurrence
  • treatment response
  • immunotherapy
  • treatment resistance
  • clinical translation

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 1686 KiB  
Article
Intraoperative Flow Cytometry for the Rapid Diagnosis and Validation of Surgical Clearance of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: A Prospective Clinical Feasibility Study
by Georgios Markopoulos, Evangeli Lampri, Ioulia Tragani, Nikolaos Kourkoumelis, Georgios Vartholomatos and Konstantinos Seretis
Cancers 2024, 16(4), 682; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16040682 - 6 Feb 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1283
Abstract
Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most prevalent cancer in humans, with a high global incidence. We present a prospective clinical feasibility study on the use of intraoperative flow cytometry (iFC) for the instant diagnosis of NMSC and its complete surgical clearance. Flow [...] Read more.
Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most prevalent cancer in humans, with a high global incidence. We present a prospective clinical feasibility study on the use of intraoperative flow cytometry (iFC) for the instant diagnosis of NMSC and its complete surgical clearance. Flow cytometry, a laser-based technique, quantifies cell features, which has applications in cancer research. This study aim is to explore the potential applicability of iFC in detecting and characterizing NMSC and its surgical margins. In total, 30 patients who underwent diagnosis for NMSC were recruited. The method demonstrated high sensitivity (95.2%) and specificity (87.1%), with an accuracy of 91.1%, as confirmed with a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The results also indicated that most tumors were diploid, with two cases being hypoploid. The average G0/G1 fractions for normal and tumor tissue samples were 96.03 ± 0.30% and 88.03 ± 1.29%, respectively, with the tumor index escalating from 3.89 ± 0.30% to 11.95 ± 1.29% in cancerous cells. These findings underscore iFC’s capability for precise intraoperative NMSC characterization and margin evaluation, promising enhanced complete tumor excision rates. Given the technique’s successful application in various other malignancies, its implementation in NMSC diagnosis and treatment holds significant promise and warrants further research in clinical trials. Full article
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19 pages, 3139 KiB  
Article
Single-Cell Identification of Melanoma Biomarkers in Circulating Tumor Cells
by Reilly Fankhauser, Matthew Chang, Zachary Garrison, Rachel Berryman, Olivia M. Lucero, Allison Fuiten, Nicholas DePatie, Hilary Seifert and Rajan P. Kulkarni
Cancers 2022, 14(19), 4921; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14194921 - 8 Oct 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3438
Abstract
The current standard for investigating tumors is surgical biopsy, which is costly, invasive, and difficult to perform serially. As an adjunct, circulating tumor cells (CTCs)—cells that have broken away from the primary tumor or metastatic sites—can be obtained from a blood draw and [...] Read more.
The current standard for investigating tumors is surgical biopsy, which is costly, invasive, and difficult to perform serially. As an adjunct, circulating tumor cells (CTCs)—cells that have broken away from the primary tumor or metastatic sites—can be obtained from a blood draw and offer the potential for obtaining serial genetic information and serving as biomarkers. Here, we detail the potential for melanoma CTCs to serve as biomarkers and discuss a clinically viable methodology for single-cell CTC isolation and analysis that overcomes previous limitations. We explore the use of melanoma CTC biomarkers by isolating and performing single-cell RNA sequencing on CTCs from melanoma patients. We then compared transcriptional profiles of single melanoma CTCs against A375 cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells to identify unique genes differentially regulated in circulating melanoma tumor cells. The information that can be obtained via analysis of these CTCs has significant potential in disease tracking. Full article
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