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Cancers
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Possible Biomarkers in Oral Tumors and Their Clinical Significance
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Possible Biomarkers in Oral Tumors and Their Clinical Significance

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Biomarkers".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2024) | Viewed by 5308

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Daisuke Uchida

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, 454 Shitsukawa, Toon 791-0295, Ehime, Japan
Interests: oral cancer; head and neck tumors; oral and maxillofacial surgery; invasion and metastasis; prognostic markers

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Oral cavity is the site of origin for a wide variety of tumors. Oral tumors are generally easy to access by visual inspection and palpation, and most definitive diagnoses are determined by the histopathological examination after biopsies. However, the diagnosis may often be difficult due to their histopathological varieties, especially in tumors originated from tooth germ, minor salivary gland, and mesenchyme, and so on.

On the other hand, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a typical malignancy in the oral cavity, the definitive diagnosis is comparatively easy because of their accessibility and characteristic histology. Although oral SCC is generally treated with surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or their combination, the prognosis and the prediction of therapeutic effect are mainly determined by the histopathological degree of invasion and differentiation. Concerning the biomarker for oral SCC, serum SCC antigen is clinically applied but is not reliable as a sensitive biomarker.

In this special issue, researchers who are a head and neck oncologist and has a wealth of basic data will discuss biomarkers that are expected to be applied clinically in relation to the diagnosis, recurrence, metastasis, or prognosis of oral tumors.

Prof. Dr. Daisuke Uchida
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • oral squamous cell carcinoma
  • oral tumor
  • biomarkers
  • diagnosis
  • prognosis
  • treatment
  • prediction

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 2639 KiB  
Article
Synthetic Circular RNA for microRNA-1269a Suppresses Tumor Progression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
by Atsushi Kasamatsu, Ryunosuke Nozaki, Kohei Kawasaki, Tomoaki Saito, Chikashi Minemura, Naohiko Seki, Joel Moss and Katsuhiro Uzawa
Cancers 2024, 16(6), 1242; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16061242 - 21 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1652
Abstract
microRNAs (miRs) function in cancer progression as post-transcriptional regulators. We previously reported that endogenous circular RNAs (circRNAs) function as efficient miR sponges and could act as novel gene regulators in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In this study, we carried out cellular and [...] Read more.
microRNAs (miRs) function in cancer progression as post-transcriptional regulators. We previously reported that endogenous circular RNAs (circRNAs) function as efficient miR sponges and could act as novel gene regulators in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In this study, we carried out cellular and luciferase reporter assays to examine competitive inhibition of miR-1269a, which is upregulated expression in several cancers, by circRNA-1269a, a synthetic circRNA that contains miR-1269a binding sequences. We also used data-independent acquisition (DIA) proteomics and in silico analyses to determine how circRNA-1269a treatment affects molecules downstream of miR-1269a. First, we confirmed the circularization of the linear miR-1269a binding site sequence using RT-PCR with divergent/convergent primers and direct sequencing of the head-to-tail circRNA junction point. In luciferase reporter and cellular functional assays, circRNA-1269a significantly reduced miR-1269a function, leading to a significant decrease in cell proliferation and migration. DIA proteomics and gene set enrichment analysis of OSCC cells treated with circRNA-1269a indicated high differential expression for 284 proteins that were mainly enriched in apoptosis pathways. In particular, phospholipase C gamma 2 (PLCG2), which is related to OSCC clinical stage and overall survival, was affected by the circRNA-1269a/miR-1269a axis. Taken together, synthetic circRNA-1269a inhibits tumor progression via miR-1269a and its downstream targets, indicating that artificial circRNAs could represent an effective OSCC therapeutic. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Possible Biomarkers in Oral Tumors and Their Clinical Significance)
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13 pages, 5275 KiB  
Article
Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide Induces PD-L1 Expression and an Invasive Phenotype of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells
by Yuji Omori, Kazuma Noguchi, Mizuha Kitamura, Yuna Makihara, Takayuki Omae, Soutaro Hanawa, Kyohei Yoshikawa, Kazuki Takaoka and Hiromitsu Kishimoto
Cancers 2024, 16(2), 343; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16020343 - 13 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1414
Abstract
Background: Expression of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) is related to the prognosis of many solid malignancies, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), but the mechanism of PD-L1 induction remains obscure. In this study, we examined the expression of PD-L1 and partial epithelial–mesenchymal transition [...] Read more.
Background: Expression of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) is related to the prognosis of many solid malignancies, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), but the mechanism of PD-L1 induction remains obscure. In this study, we examined the expression of PD-L1 and partial epithelial–mesenchymal transition (pEMT) induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in OSCC. Methods: The expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) recognizing LPS in OSCC cell lines was analyzed. Moreover, the induction of PD-L1 expression by Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g) or Escherichia coli (E. coli) LPS and EMT was analyzed by western blotting and RT-PCR. Morphology, proliferation, migration, and invasion capacities were examined upon addition of LPS. PD-L1 within EXOs was examined. Results: PD-L1 expression and pEMT induced by LPS of P.g or E. coli in TLR4-expressing OSCC cell lines were observed. Addition of LPS did not change migration, proliferation, or cell morphology, but increased invasive ability. Moreover, higher expression of PD-L1 was observed in OSCC EXOs with LPS. Conclusion: Oral bacterial LPS is involved in enhanced invasive potential in OSCC cells, causing PD-L1 expression and induction of pEMT. The enhancement of PD-L1 expression after addition of LPS may be mediated by EXOs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Possible Biomarkers in Oral Tumors and Their Clinical Significance)
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12 pages, 2089 KiB  
Article
MicroRNA-1289 Functions as a Novel Tumor Suppressor in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
by Koh-ichi Nakashiro, Norihiko Tokuzen, Masato Saika, Hiroyuki Shirai, Nobuyuki Kuribayashi, Hiroyuki Goda and Daisuke Uchida
Cancers 2023, 15(16), 4138; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15164138 - 17 Aug 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1378
Abstract
Recently, numerous tumor-suppressive microRNAs (TS-miRs) have been identified in human malignancies. Here, we attempted to identify novel TS-miRs in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). First, we transfected human OSCC cells individually with 968 synthetic miRs mimicking human mature miRs individually, and the growth [...] Read more.
Recently, numerous tumor-suppressive microRNAs (TS-miRs) have been identified in human malignancies. Here, we attempted to identify novel TS-miRs in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). First, we transfected human OSCC cells individually with 968 synthetic miRs mimicking human mature miRs individually, and the growth of these cells was evaluated using the WST-8 assay. Five miR mimics significantly reduced the cell growth rate by less than 30%, and the miR-1289 mimic had the most potent growth inhibitory effect among these miRs. Subsequently, we assessed the in vivo growth-inhibitory effects of miR-1289 using a mouse model. The administration of the miR-1289 mimic–atelocollagen complex significantly reduced the size of subcutaneously xenografted human OSCC tumors. Next, we investigated the expression of miR-1289 in OSCC tissues using reverse transcription–quantitative PCR. The expression level of miR-1289 was significantly lower in OSCC tissues than in the adjacent normal oral mucosa. Furthermore, 15 genes were identified as target genes of miR-1289 via microarray and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) microRNA target filtering. Among these genes, the knockdown of magnesium transporter 1 (MAGT1) resulted in the most remarkable cell growth inhibition in human OSCC cells. These results suggested that miR-1289 functions as a novel TS-miR in OSCC and may be a useful therapeutic tool for patients with OSCC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Possible Biomarkers in Oral Tumors and Their Clinical Significance)
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