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Cancers
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Recent Research on Esophageal Cancer
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Recent Research on Esophageal Cancer

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Therapy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2021) | Viewed by 9889

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Takashi Ono

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
QST hospital, Chiba, Japan
Interests: Esophageal cancer; Lung cancer; Proton beam therapy; Elderly patients

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Esophageal cancer is the seventh most common cancer worldwide, and endoscopic treatment during the early stages is associated with promising outcomes. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy combined with surgery is the standard treatment for advanced-stage cancer. In addition to surgery, chemoradiotherapy is also a useful radical therapeutic option, particularly for patients with inoperable cancer. Although chemoradiotherapy is more effective than radiotherapy alone, exclusive radiotherapy is preferred as a radical treatment for patients in poor general condition.

The overall survival rate of patients with esophageal cancer ranges from 15% to 25% worldwide. Therefore, salvage treatment, particularly after chemoradiotherapy is important to improve overall survival in patients with recurrent esophageal cancer. However, not all patients can receive this therapy. In an aging society with an increasing elderly population diagnosed with esophageal cancer, it is important to consider patients’ post-treatment quality of life in addition to the therapeutic efficacy of a particular modality. Novel treatment options such as photodynamic therapy, particle therapy, and immunotherapies have recently emerged in clinical practice. Various studies are also underway to explore the role of precision medicine.

The Special Issue will highlight treatment perspectives for esophageal cancer, including investigations focused on various aspects such as basic, clinical, and economic research.

Dr. Takashi Ono
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • esophageal cancer
  • multimodality therapy
  • photodynamic therapy
  • particle therapy
  • immunotherapy
  • salvage treatment
  • quality of life

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 1122 KiB  
Article
The Prognostic Value of the Lymph Node in Oesophageal Adenocarcinoma; Incorporating Clinicopathological and Immunological Profiling
by Noel E. Donlon, Maria Davern, Andrew Sheppard, Robert Power, Fiona O’Connell, Aisling B. Heeran, Ross King, Conall Hayes, Anshul Bhardwaj, James J. Phelan, Margaret R. Dunne, Narayanasamy Ravi, Claire L. Donohoe, Jacintha O’Sullivan, John V. Reynolds and Joanne Lysaght
Cancers 2021, 13(16), 4005; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13164005 - 9 Aug 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2093
Abstract
Response rates to the current gold standards of care for treating oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) remain modest with 15–25% of patients achieving meaningful pathological responses, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic strategies. This study consists of immune, angiogenic, and inflammatory profiling of the tumour [...] Read more.
Response rates to the current gold standards of care for treating oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) remain modest with 15–25% of patients achieving meaningful pathological responses, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic strategies. This study consists of immune, angiogenic, and inflammatory profiling of the tumour microenvironment (TME) and lymph node microenvironment (LNME) in OAC. The prognostic value of nodal involvement and clinicopathological features was compared using a retrospective cohort of OAC patients (n = 702). The expression of inhibitory immune checkpoints by T cells infiltrating tumour-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) and tumour tissue post-chemo(radio)therapy at surgical resection was assessed by flow cytometry. Nodal metastases is of equal prognostic importance to clinical tumour stage and tumour regression grade (TRG) in OAC. The TME exhibited a greater immuno-suppressive phenotype than the LNME. Our data suggests that blockade of these checkpoints may have a therapeutic rationale for boosting response rates in OAC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Research on Esophageal Cancer)
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12 pages, 460 KiB  
Article
Outcomes of Definitive Chemoradiotherapy for Stage IVa (T4b vs. N4) Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Based on the Japanese Classification System: A Retrospective Single-Center Study
by Yuki Wada, Akira Anbai, Noriko Takagi, Satoshi Kumagai, Eriko Okuyama, Hiroshi Nanjo, Yusuke Sato, Satoru Motoyama and Manabu Hashimoto
Cancers 2021, 13(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13010008 - 22 Dec 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1948
Abstract
The differences in prognoses or progression patterns between T4b non-N4 and non-T4b N4 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma post chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is unclear. This study compared the outcomes of CRT for stage IVa esophageal squamous cell carcinoma according to T/N factors. We retrospectively identified [...] Read more.
The differences in prognoses or progression patterns between T4b non-N4 and non-T4b N4 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma post chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is unclear. This study compared the outcomes of CRT for stage IVa esophageal squamous cell carcinoma according to T/N factors. We retrospectively identified 66 patients with stage IVa esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who underwent definitive CRT at our center between January 2009 and March 2013. The treatment outcomes, i.e., progression patterns, prognostic factors, and toxicities based on version 5.0 of the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, were studied. The patients (56 men and 10 women) had a median age of 67 (range: 37–87) years. The T/N classifications were T4b non-N4 (28/66), non-T4b N4 (24/66), and T4b N4 (14/66). Objective response was achieved in 57 patients (86.4%, (95% confidence interval, 74.6–94.1%)). There were no significant differences between the T/N groups in terms of overall survival, progression-free survival, and progression pattern. We found no significant differences in prognoses or progression patterns among patients with T4b non-N4, non-T4b N4, and T4b N4 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Thus, it seems impractical to modify CRT regimens based on T/N factors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Research on Esophageal Cancer)
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12 pages, 690 KiB  
Article
Organ Preservation after Endoscopic Resection of Early Esophageal Cancer with a High Risk of Lymph Node Involvement
by Solène Dermine, Thomas Lévi-Strauss, Einas Abou Ali, Arthur Belle, Sarah Leblanc, Jean-Emmanuel Bibault, Amélie Barré, Lola-Jade Palmieri, Catherine Brezault, Marion Dhooge, Benoit Terris, Anthony Dohan, Philippe Soyer, Arthur Berger, Gabriel Rahmi, Romain Coriat, Stanislas Chaussade and Maximilien Barret
Cancers 2020, 12(12), 3598; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12123598 - 2 Dec 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1869
Abstract
Background: Esophagectomy is recommended after endoscopic resection of an early esophageal cancer when pejorative histoprognostic criteria indicate a high risk of lymph node involvement. Our aim was to analyze the clinical outcomes of a non-surgical, organ preserving management in this clinical setting. [...] Read more.
Background: Esophagectomy is recommended after endoscopic resection of an early esophageal cancer when pejorative histoprognostic criteria indicate a high risk of lymph node involvement. Our aim was to analyze the clinical outcomes of a non-surgical, organ preserving management in this clinical setting. Patients and Methods: This retrospective study was performed in two tertiary centers from 2015 to 2020. Patients were included if they had histologically complete resection of an early esophageal cancer, with poor differentiation, lymphovascular invasion or deep submucosal invasion. Endoscopic resection was followed by chemoradiotherapy or follow-up in case of surgical contraindications or patient refusal. Outcome measures were disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), cancer specific survival (CSS) and toxicity of chemoradiotherapy. Results: Forty-one patients (36 with squamous cell carcinoma and 5 with adenocarcinomas) were included. The estimated high risk of lymph node involvement was based on poor differentiation (10/41; 24%), lympho-vascular invasion (11/41; 27%), muscularis mucosa invasion or deep sub-mucosal invasion (38/41; 93%). Thirteen patients (13/41; 32%) were closely monitored, and 28 (28/41; 68%) were treated by chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy alone. In the close follow-up group, DFS, OS and CSS were 92%, 92% and 100%, respectively vs. 75%, 79% and 96%, respectively in the chemoradiotherapy group at the end of the follow-up. Serious adverse events related to chemoradiotherapy occurred in 10% of the patients. There were no treatment-related deaths. Conclusions: Our study shows that close follow-up may be an alternative to systematic esophagectomy after endoscopic resection of early esophageal cancer with a predicted high risk of lymph node involvement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Research on Esophageal Cancer)
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20 pages, 3133 KiB  
Article
Linking Circulating Serum Proteins with Clinical Outcomes in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma—An Emerging Role for Chemokines
by Noel E. Donlon, Andrew Sheppard, Maria Davern, Fiona O’Connell, James J. Phelan, Robert Power, Timothy Nugent, Kate Dinneen, John Aird, John Greene, Paul Nevins Selvadurai, Anshul Bhardwaj, Emma K. Foley, Narayanasamy Ravi, Claire L. Donohoe, John V. Reynolds, Joanne Lysaght, Jacintha O’Sullivan and Margaret R. Dunne
Cancers 2020, 12(11), 3356; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12113356 - 13 Nov 2020
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3034
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is an aggressive cancer with poor prognosis and incidence is increasing rapidly in the Western world. Multi-modal treatment has improved survival outcomes but only for a minority of patients. Currently no markers have been identified to predict treatment response. This [...] Read more.
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is an aggressive cancer with poor prognosis and incidence is increasing rapidly in the Western world. Multi-modal treatment has improved survival outcomes but only for a minority of patients. Currently no markers have been identified to predict treatment response. This study investigated the association between clinical outcomes and pre-treatment levels of 54 serum proteins in n = 80 patients with EAC. Low tumor regression grade (TRG), corresponding to a favorable treatment response, was linked to prolonged overall survival (OS). CCL4 was higher in patients with a favorable treatment response, while Tie2 and CRP were higher in poor responders. Elevated CCL22 and CCL26 was associated with improved OS, while elevated IL-10 showed a negative association. CCL3, CCL4, IL-1α and IL-12/IL23p40 were highest in individuals with no adverse features of tumor biology, whereas levels of Tie2 and VEGF were lowest in this cohort. CCL4 was also elevated in patients with high tumor lymphocyte infiltration. Comparison of matched pre- and post-treatment serum (n = 28) showed a large reduction in VEGFC, and a concomitant increase in other cytokines, including CCL4. These data link several serum markers with clinical outcomes, highlighting an important role for immune cell trafficking in the EAC antitumor immune response. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Research on Esophageal Cancer)
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