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Cancers
Special Issues
Imaging of Cancer and Radiation Therapy: Recent Advances and Challenges
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Imaging of Cancer and Radiation Therapy: Recent Advances and Challenges

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Therapy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 July 2024) | Viewed by 5085

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Riccardo Manfredi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Radiology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli – IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
2. Department of Radiology, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico “A. Gemelli”, 00168 Rome, Italy
Interests: diffusion weighted Imaging; MRI; pelvis; genitourinary imaging
Dr. Valerio Di Paola

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Radiology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli – IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
2. Department of Radiology, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico “A. Gemelli”, 00168 Rome, Italy
Interests: MRI; pelvis; genitourinary imaging
Dr. Luca Russo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Radiology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli – IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
2. Department of Radiology, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico “A. Gemelli”, 00168 Rome, Italy
Interests: MRI; pelvis; genitourinary imaging

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Radiation therapy is widely used in many types of the most common cancers such as breast, cervical, colorectal, and lung cancer, representing an important tool for cancer treatment.

In recent years, radiation therapy underwent rapid development due to the introduction of new advances, such as three-dimensional conformal therapy, stereotactic radiotherapy, intensity-modulated radiation therapy, image-guided and stereotactic body radiation therapy, tomotherapy, brachytherapy techniques, and proton or heavy-ion therapy, as well as low doses to sensitize to some cystostatic agents.

Recently, new imaging techniques have been introduced, such as radiomics and artificial intelligence. Radiomics involves the extraction of a large amount of quantitative information called “features” from medical images (e.g., CT, MRI, PET) through the process of segmentation of the pathological findings, which are then converted into quantifiable data and analyzed by software. The yielded computer-extracted data can be related to tumor biology and other clinical, pathologic, and genomic data. The process of feature extraction can be implemented by automatic segmentation software, which has the additional potential to obtain a more detailed analysis of MRI without increasing the time burden on the interpreting radiologist.

These modern approaches could be able to predict disease response and support decision making regarding the continuation or modification of treatment planning, as well as integration with other treatment modalities. 

This Special Issue aims to explore the most modern advances of radiomics and artificial intelligence applied to the radiotherapeutic treatment of various types of cancers, and to explore their added value in the management of cancer treatment.

Prof. Dr. Riccardo Manfredi
Dr. Valerio Di Paola
Dr. Luca Russo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 1050 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Local Control on Overall Survival after Y-90 Selective Internal Radiotherapy of Liver Metastases in Oligometastatic Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis
by John Yeakel, Steven N. Seyedin, Garrett Harada, Garo Hagopian, Sharmeen Mahmood, Rebecca Bennett, Jeremy P. Harris, Elliot M. Abbott, Sydney Lindner, Farshid Dayyani, Varun Sehgal, Jeffrey V. Kuo and Nadine Abi-Jaoudeh
Cancers 2024, 16(13), 2401; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16132401 - 29 Jun 2024
Viewed by 941
Abstract
Y-90 Selective Internal Radiotherapy (SIRT) is an ablative therapy used for inoperable liver metastasis. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the impact of local control after SIRT on overall survival (OS) in oligometastatic patients. A retrospective, single-institution study identified oligometastatic patients [...] Read more.
Y-90 Selective Internal Radiotherapy (SIRT) is an ablative therapy used for inoperable liver metastasis. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the impact of local control after SIRT on overall survival (OS) in oligometastatic patients. A retrospective, single-institution study identified oligometastatic patients with ≤5 non-intracranial metastases receiving unilateral or bilateral lobar Y-90 SIRT from 2009 to 2021. The primary endpoint was OS defined from Y-90 SIRT completion to the date of death or last follow-up. Local failure was classified as a progressive disease at the target lesion(s) by RECIST v1.1 criteria starting at 3 months after SIRT. With a median follow-up of 15.7 months, 33 patients were identified who had a total of 79 oligometastatic lesions treated with SIRT, with the majority histology of colorectal adenocarcinoma (n = 22). In total, 94% of patients completed the Y-90 lobectomy. Of the 79 individual lesions treated, 22 (27.8%) failed. Thirteen patients received salvage liver-directed therapy following intrahepatic failure; ten received repeat SIRT. Median OS (mOS) was 20.1 months, and 12-month OS was 68.2%. Intralesional failure was associated with worse 1 y OS (52.3% vs. 86.2%, p = 0.004). These results suggest that intralesional failure following Y-90 may be associated with inferior OS, emphasizing the importance of disease control in low-metastatic-burden patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Imaging of Cancer and Radiation Therapy: Recent Advances and Challenges)
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16 pages, 2768 KiB  
Article
Relation between Coronary Artery Calcium Score and Cardiovascular Events in Hodgkin Lymphoma Survivors: A Cross-Sectional Matched Cohort Study
by Elissa A. S. Polomski, Julius C. Heemelaar, Michiel A. de Graaf, Augustinus D. G. Krol, Marloes Louwerens, J. Lauran Stöger, Paul R. M. van Dijkman, Martin J. Schalij, J. Wouter Jukema and M. Louisa Antoni
Cancers 2023, 15(24), 5831; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15245831 - 13 Dec 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1132
Abstract
Background: Thoracic radiotherapy is one of the corner stones of HL treatment, but it is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events. As HL is often diagnosed at a young age, long-term follow-up including screening for coronary artery disease (CAD) is recommended. Objectives: [...] Read more.
Background: Thoracic radiotherapy is one of the corner stones of HL treatment, but it is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events. As HL is often diagnosed at a young age, long-term follow-up including screening for coronary artery disease (CAD) is recommended. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the presence of coronary artery calcium score (CACS) in relation to cardiovascular events in HL patients treated with thoracic radiotherapy compared to a non-cancer control group. Methods: Consecutive HL patients who underwent evaluation for asymptomatic CAD with coronary computed tomography angiography > 10 years after thoracic irradiation were included. The study population consisted of 97 HL patients matched to 97 non-cancer patients on gender, age, cardiovascular risk factors, and statin use. Results: Mean age during CT scan in the HL population was 45.5 ± 9.9 and in the non-cancer population 45.5 ± 10.3 years. CACS was elevated (defined as >0) in 49 (50.5%) HL patients and 30 (30.9%) control patients. HL survivors had an odds ratio of 2.28 [95% CI: 1.22–4.28] for having a CACS > 0 compared to the matched population (p = 0.006). Prevalence of CACS > 90th percentile differed significantly: 17.1% in HL survivors vs. 4.6% in the matched population (p = 0.009). Non-obstructive coronary artery stenosis was more prevalent in the HL population than in the control population (45.7% vs. 28.4%, respectively, p = 0.01). During follow-up of 8.5 [5.3; 9.9] years, nine HL patients experienced an event including two patients with a CACS of zero. No events occurred in the control population. Conclusion: In a matched study population, HL survivors have a higher prevalence of a CACS > 0 and an increased risk of cardiovascular events after thoracic irradiation compared to a matched non-cancer control group. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Imaging of Cancer and Radiation Therapy: Recent Advances and Challenges)
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Review

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19 pages, 390 KiB  
Review
Role of Functional MRI in Liver SBRT: Current Use and Future Directions
by Sirisha Tadimalla, Wei Wang and Annette Haworth
Cancers 2022, 14(23), 5860; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14235860 - 28 Nov 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2315
Abstract
Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is an emerging treatment for liver cancers whereby large doses of radiation can be delivered precisely to target lesions in 3–5 fractions. The target dose is limited by the dose that can be safely delivered to the non-tumour [...] Read more.
Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is an emerging treatment for liver cancers whereby large doses of radiation can be delivered precisely to target lesions in 3–5 fractions. The target dose is limited by the dose that can be safely delivered to the non-tumour liver, which depends on the baseline liver functional reserve. Current liver SBRT guidelines assume uniform liver function in the non-tumour liver. However, the assumption of uniform liver function is false in liver disease due to the presence of cirrhosis, damage due to previous chemo- or ablative therapies or irradiation, and fatty liver disease. Anatomical information from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly being used for SBRT planning. While its current use is limited to the identification of target location and size, functional MRI techniques also offer the ability to quantify and spatially map liver tissue microstructure and function. This review summarises and discusses the advantages offered by functional MRI methods for SBRT treatment planning and the potential for adaptive SBRT workflows. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Imaging of Cancer and Radiation Therapy: Recent Advances and Challenges)
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