Immunological, Molecular and Imaging Biomarkers of Malignant Progression in Brain Cancer: Improving Precision Neuro-Oncology

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Pathophysiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 5341

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5020 Bergen, Norway
Interests: Glioblastoma; NK cells; Targeted therapies; clinical trials

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Guest Editor
Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
Interests: Immunology; T cell biology; immunodeficiency; transcriptomics; molecular genetics

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Guest Editor
Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5020 Bergen, Norway
Interests: neuroinformatics; image analysis; multimodal MRI; physiological modelling; machine learning; deep learning; computational medicine

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cancer poses major health and socioeconomic challenges worldwide as the global burden increases, with 19.3 million new cases expected in 2020 and projected to surpass 27 million by 2040. Despite improved molecular diagnostics, surgical, and radiotherapy techniques, the 5-year survival rate for patients diagnosed with the most aggressive brain cancer in adults remains less than 10%.

A paradigm shift towards more personalised cancer treatment has developed with the identification of measurable immunological, molecular, or radiological features that determine the patient’s prognosis and may represent druggable targets for innovative therapy. Biomarkers may be characterised by cellular markers, type of tumour infiltrating, or resident innate and adaptive immune cells obtained from the biopsy or blood sample, their activity, and molecular or cellular profiles in response to the tumour in situ or a predisposing systemic disease such as allergy or virus infection. Through multimodal MRI and subsequent machine learning algorithms, in particular deep learning-based approaches, trained on large patient population databases, key features (imaging-derived biomarkers) that predict future sites of tumour recurrence or aid generation of innovative treatments for brain cancer may be identified. Biomarkers not only inform the biological behaviour of the tumour and expected outcome for the patient but may predict efficacy of given treatments and expected side effects. Effective treatment modalities harnessing the ability of cytotoxic immune cells to recognize malignant cells with particular genetic mutations, such as adoptive cell transfer of native and engineered chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T- and natural killer (NK-) cells, may emerge.

This Special Issue invites multidisciplinary papers (expert opinion reviews or original data) that characterise the immunoactive brain tumour environment, the interplay between tumour and immune cells, molecular and imaging-based features (including non-invasive radiological examinations as well as microscopic imaging techniques such as imaging mass cytometry from tissue samples) of malignant brain tumours impacting patient outcome, and treatment responses to the tumour in situ or responses generated by predisposing systemic diseases such as allergy or virus infection. This focused issue aims to contribute new knowledge to the burgeoning need to implement effective management of malignant brain cancer.

Prof. Dr. Martha Chekenya
Dr. Eirik Bratland
Prof. Dr. Arvid Lundervold
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • prognostic and predictive Cellular and molecular markers
  • immune response
  • neuroimaging
  • imaging mass cytometry
  • deep learning and AI
  • radiomics and radiogenomics
  • allergy and brain cancer
  • cytomegalovirus and brain cancer
  • adaptive memory NK subsets
  • microglia
  • chimeric antigen receptor T cells
  • chimeric antigen receptor NK cells

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

24 pages, 2838 KiB  
Review
Challenges and Prospects for Designer T and NK Cells in Glioblastoma Immunotherapy
by Victoria Smith Arnesen, Andrea Gras Navarro and Martha Chekenya
Cancers 2021, 13(19), 4986; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13194986 - 5 Oct 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4376
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent, aggressive primary brain tumour with a dismal prognosis. Treatment at diagnosis has limited efficacy and there is no standardised treatment at recurrence. New, personalised treatment options are under investigation, although challenges persist for heterogenous tumours such as [...] Read more.
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent, aggressive primary brain tumour with a dismal prognosis. Treatment at diagnosis has limited efficacy and there is no standardised treatment at recurrence. New, personalised treatment options are under investigation, although challenges persist for heterogenous tumours such as GBM. Gene editing technologies are a game changer, enabling design of novel molecular-immunological treatments to be used in combination with chemoradiation, to achieve long lasting survival benefits for patients. Here, we review the literature on how cutting-edge molecular gene editing technologies can be applied to known and emerging tumour-associated antigens to enhance chimeric antigen receptor T and NK cell therapies for GBM. A tight balance of limiting neurotoxicity, avoiding tumour antigen loss and therapy resistance, while simultaneously promoting long-term persistence of the adoptively transferred cells must be maintained to significantly improve patient survival. We discuss the opportunities and challenges posed by the brain contexture to the administration of the treatments and achieving sustained clinical responses. Full article
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