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Cancers
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Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy for Cancers
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Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy for Cancers

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Therapy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 July 2021) | Viewed by 16759

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Hidehito Horinouchi

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Guest Editor
Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
Interests: chemotherapy; radiotherapy; immunotherapy; multimodality treatment; thoracic malignancies

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Chemotherapy and radiotherapy have long played a central role in cancer treatment. Particularly in locally advanced cancers, such as primary tumors and limited lymph node metastases, chemoradiotherapy and radiotherapy with curative intent have been used as the standard of care in many cancer types. Furthermore, in recent years, molecular targeted therapies and immunotherapies have been introduced as drug therapies. Especially in early-stage and locally advanced cancers, the combination of chemoradiotherapy with molecular targeted therapies and immunotherapies has been rigorously evaluated to improve outcomes. In this Special Issue, we focus on findings that can be applied to improve outcomes of cancer treatment with chemoradiotherapy and radiotherapy. In particular, it aims to summarize basic analysis, exploratory studies, and clinical trials for the combination of molecular targeted therapies and immunotherapies with chemoradiotherapy for early stage and locally advanced cancers.

Dr. Hidehito Horinouchi
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • chemotherapy
  • radiotherapy
  • molecular targeted therapy
  • immunotherapy

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 3806 KiB  
Article
Effect of Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy in Combination with Temozolomide against Tumor Angiogenesis in a Glioblastoma Model
by Sang Hee Lee, Ji Young Choi, Jae Ho Jung, In Ho Song, Hyun Soo Park, Nunzio Denora, Francesco Leonetti, Sang Eun Kim and Byung Chul Lee
Cancers 2021, 13(19), 5029; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13195029 - 8 Oct 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1567
Abstract
Cell adhesion receptor integrin αvβ3 is a promising biomarker for developing tumor-angiogenesis targeted theranostics. In this study, we aimed to examine the therapeutic potential of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) with 188Re-IDA-D-[c(RGDfK)]2 (11.1 MBq). The results showed that [...] Read more.
Cell adhesion receptor integrin αvβ3 is a promising biomarker for developing tumor-angiogenesis targeted theranostics. In this study, we aimed to examine the therapeutic potential of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) with 188Re-IDA-D-[c(RGDfK)]2 (11.1 MBq). The results showed that the tumor volume was significantly decreased by 81% compared with the vehicle-treated group in U87-MG xenografts. The quantitative in vivo anti-angiogenic responses of PRRT were obtained using 99mTc-IDA-D-[c(RGDfK)]2 SPECT and corresponded to the measured tumor volume. PRRT combined with temozolomide (TMZ) resulted in a 93% reduction in tumor volume, which was markedly greater than that of each agent used individually. In addition, histopathological characterization showed that PRRT combined with TMZ was superior to PRRT or TMZ alone, even when TMZ was used at half dose. Overall, our results indicated that integrin-targeted PRRT and TMZ combined therapy might be a new medical tool for the effective treatment of glioblastoma. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy for Cancers)
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14 pages, 1292 KiB  
Article
Neoadjuvant Modified Short-Course Radiotherapy Followed by Delayed Surgery for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
by Hiroshi Doi, Hiroyuki Yokoyama, Naohito Beppu, Masayuki Fujiwara, Shogo Harui, Ayako Kakuno, Hidenori Yanagi, Yoshio Hishikawa, Naoki Yamanaka and Norihiko Kamikonya
Cancers 2021, 13(16), 4112; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13164112 - 15 Aug 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2259
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the clinical outcomes and predictive factors of neoadjuvant modified short-course radiotherapy (mSC-RT) for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Data from 97 patients undergoing mSC-RT followed by radical surgery for LARC were retrospectively analyzed. A 2.5 Gy dose twice [...] Read more.
This study aimed to assess the clinical outcomes and predictive factors of neoadjuvant modified short-course radiotherapy (mSC-RT) for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Data from 97 patients undergoing mSC-RT followed by radical surgery for LARC were retrospectively analyzed. A 2.5 Gy dose twice daily up to a total dose of 25 Gy in 10 fractions was administered through mSC-RT, and this was delivered with oral chemotherapy in 95 (97.9%) patients. Radical surgery was performed 6 (range, 3–13) weeks after mSC-RT. The median follow-up among surviving patients was 43 (8–86) months. All patients completed neoadjuvant radiotherapy with no acute toxicity grade ≥ 3. Three- and five-year local control rates were 96.3% and 96.3%, respectively. Three- and five-year overall survival (OS) rates were 92.7% and 79.8%, respectively. Univariate analyses revealed that poor OS was associated with no concurrent administration of capecitabine, C-reactive-protein-to-albumin ratio ≥ 0.053, carcinoembryonic antigen ≥ 3.4 ng/mL, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) ≥ 1.83 (P = 0.045, 0.001, 0.041, and 0.001, respectively). Multivariate analyses indicated that NLR ≥ 1.83 was independently associated with poor OS (p = 0.018). mSC-RT followed by delayed surgery for LARC was deemed feasible and resulted in good clinical outcomes, whereas poor OS was associated with high NLR. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy for Cancers)
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10 pages, 1099 KiB  
Article
Definitive Chemoradiotherapy versus Radical Hysterectomy Followed by Tailored Adjuvant Therapy in Women with Early-Stage Cervical Cancer Presenting with Pelvic Lymph Node Metastasis on Pretreatment Evaluation: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis
by Jongmoo Park, Yeon-Joo Kim, Mi-Kyung Song, Joo-Hyun Nam, Sang-Yoon Park, Young-Seok Kim and Joo-Young Kim
Cancers 2021, 13(15), 3703; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13153703 - 23 Jul 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2012
Abstract
To compare the oncologic outcomes between chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and radical hysterectomy followed by tailored adjuvant therapy in patients with early cervical cancer presenting with pelvic lymph node metastasis. We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of women with early cervical cancer presenting with positive [...] Read more.
To compare the oncologic outcomes between chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and radical hysterectomy followed by tailored adjuvant therapy in patients with early cervical cancer presenting with pelvic lymph node metastasis. We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of women with early cervical cancer presenting with positive pelvic nodes identified on pretreatment imaging assessment. Propensity score matching was employed to control for the heterogeneity between two groups according to confounding factors. Overall survival, disease-free survival, and pattern of failure were compared between the two groups. A total of 262 patients were identified; among them, 67 received definitive CRT (group A), and 195 received hysterectomy (group B). Adjuvant therapy was administered to 88.7% of group B. There were no significant differences between group A and group B regarding the 5-year overall survival rates (89.2% vs. 89.0%) as well as disease-free survival rates (80.6% vs. 82.7%), and patterns of failure. Distant metastasis was the major failure pattern identified in both groups. In multivariate analysis, non-squamous histology was significantly associated with poorer overall survival. As there are no significant differences in 5-year OS, DFS, and patterns of failure, definitive CRT could avoid the combined modality therapy without compromising oncologic outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy for Cancers)
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10 pages, 701 KiB  
Article
Galectin-1 Expression Is Associated with the Response and Survival Following Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
by Shau-Hsuan Li, Yen-Hao Chen, Hung-I Lu, Chien-Ming Lo, Chao-Cheng Huang, Yu-Ming Wang and Eng-Yen Huang
Cancers 2021, 13(13), 3147; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13133147 - 23 Jun 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1664
Abstract
The galectin-1 has been found to be involved in poor outcomes after treatment of a variety of cancers. To the best of our knowledge, however, the significance of galectin-1 expression in the sensitivity to chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) of patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous [...] Read more.
The galectin-1 has been found to be involved in poor outcomes after treatment of a variety of cancers. To the best of our knowledge, however, the significance of galectin-1 expression in the sensitivity to chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) of patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unclear. Expression levels of galectin-1 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and correlated with the treatment outcome in 93 patients with locally advanced ESCC who received preoperative CCRT between 1999 and 2012. Galectin-1 expression was significantly associated with the pathological complete response (pCR). The pCR rates were 36.1% and 13.0% (p = 0.01) in patients with low and high galectin-1 expression, respectively. Univariate analyses revealed that galectin-1 overexpression, clinical 7th American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage III and a positive surgical margin were significant factors of worse overall survival and disease-free survival. In multivariate analyses, galectin-1 overexpression and a positive surgical margin represented the independent adverse prognosticators. Therefore, galectin-1 expression both affects the pCR and survival in patients with locally advanced ESCC receiving preoperative CCRT. Our results suggest that galectin-1 may be a potentially therapeutic target for patients with ESCC treated with preoperative CCRT. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy for Cancers)
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14 pages, 1367 KiB  
Article
Is the Concurrent Use of Sorafenib and External Radiotherapy Feasible for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma? A Meta-Analysis
by Chai Hong Rim, Sunmin Park, In-Soo Shin and Won Sup Yoon
Cancers 2021, 13(12), 2912; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13122912 - 10 Jun 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2029
Abstract
We evaluate the feasibility of a concurrent application of sorafenib and external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). PubMed, Embase, Medline, and Cochrane Library were searched up to 9 April 2021. The primary endpoint was grade ≥3 complications, and the [...] Read more.
We evaluate the feasibility of a concurrent application of sorafenib and external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). PubMed, Embase, Medline, and Cochrane Library were searched up to 9 April 2021. The primary endpoint was grade ≥3 complications, and the secondary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Subgroup analyses were performed for studies with the EBRT targets, intrahepatic vs. non-intrahepatic lesions (e.g., extrahepatic metastases or malignant vessel involvement only). Eleven studies involving 512 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Pooled rates of gastrointestinal, hepatologic, hematologic, and dermatologic grade ≥3 toxicities were 8.1% (95% confidence interval (CI): 4.8–13.5, I2 = ~0%), 12.9% (95% CI: 7.1–22.1, I2 = 22.4%), 9.1% (95% CI: 3.8–20.3, I2 = 51.3%), and 6.8% (95% CI: 3.8–11.7, I2 = ~0%), respectively. Pooled grade ≥3 hepatologic and hematologic toxicity rates were lower in studies targeting non-intrahepatic lesions than those targeting intrahepatic lesions (hepatologic: 3.3% vs. 17.1%, p = 0.041; hematologic: 3.3% vs. 16.0%, p = 0.078). Gastrointestinal and dermatologic grade ≥3 complications were not significantly different between the subgroups. Regarding OS, concurrent treatment was more beneficial than non-concurrent treatment (odds ratio: 3.3, 95% CI: 1.3–8.59, p = 0.015). One study reported a case of lethal toxicity due to tumor rupture and gastrointestinal bleeding. Concurrent treatment can be considered and applied to target metastatic lesions or local vessel involvement. Intrahepatic lesions should be treated cautiously by considering the target size and hepatic reserve. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy for Cancers)
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Review

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27 pages, 6608 KiB  
Review
Tumor Microenvironment in Breast Cancer—Updates on Therapeutic Implications and Pathologic Assessment
by Joshua J. Li, Julia Y. Tsang and Gary M. Tse
Cancers 2021, 13(16), 4233; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13164233 - 23 Aug 2021
Cited by 69 | Viewed by 6165
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) in breast cancer comprises local factors, cancer cells, immune cells and stromal cells of the local and distant tissues. The interaction between cancer cells and their microenvironment plays important roles in tumor proliferation, propagation and response to therapies. There [...] Read more.
The tumor microenvironment (TME) in breast cancer comprises local factors, cancer cells, immune cells and stromal cells of the local and distant tissues. The interaction between cancer cells and their microenvironment plays important roles in tumor proliferation, propagation and response to therapies. There is increasing research in exploring and manipulating the non-cancerous components of the TME for breast cancer treatment. As the TME is now increasingly recognized as a treatment target, its pathologic assessment has become a critical component of breast cancer management. The latest WHO classification of tumors of the breast listed stromal response pattern/fibrotic focus as a prognostic factor and includes recommendations on the assessment of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and PD-1/PD-L1 expression, with therapeutic implications. This review dissects the TME of breast cancer, describes pathologic assessment relevant for prognostication and treatment decision, and details therapeutic options that interacts with and/or exploits the TME in breast cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy for Cancers)
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