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Cancers
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Immunotherapy in Recurrent Glioblastoma
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Immunotherapy in Recurrent Glioblastoma

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2023) | Viewed by 8419

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Gao Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
Interests: translational cancer research; therapeutic resistance; brain metastasis; cancer genomics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive subtype of gliomas. Although survival rates have improved following the addition of temozolomide (TMZ) in the standard-of-care treatment for newly diagnosed gliomas, the 5-year survival rate is still less than 10%. Other therapies including bevacizumab have been administered in patients with recurrent GBM, but efficacy remains quite limited. Over the last decade, cancer immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint blockades, cancer vaccines, and oncolytic viral therapy, have been widely used to treat various types of cancers, including newly diagnosed and recurrent GBM. However, more studies are warranted to investigate the efficacy of immunotherapies in recurrent GBM. Therefore, this Special Issue invites original research articles and reviews that will focus on the single and combined treatment of immunotherapies, and the molecular mechanisms of response and resistance of recurrent GBM to immunotherapies.

Dr. Gao Zhang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • glioblastoma
  • recurrent
  • immunotherapy
  • immune checkpoint inhibitor
  • cancer vaccine
  • oncolytic viral therapy

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Review

38 pages, 1097 KiB  
Review
The Development of Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Recurrent Glioblastoma
by Xudong Liu, Zihui Zhao, Wufei Dai, Kuo Liao, Qi Sun, Dongjiang Chen, Xingxin Pan, Lishuang Feng, Ying Ding and Shiyou Wei
Cancers 2023, 15(17), 4308; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15174308 - 29 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2256
Abstract
Recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM) is a highly aggressive form of brain cancer that poses a significant challenge for treatment in neuro-oncology, and the survival status of patients after relapse usually means rapid deterioration, thus becoming the leading cause of death among patients. In recent [...] Read more.
Recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM) is a highly aggressive form of brain cancer that poses a significant challenge for treatment in neuro-oncology, and the survival status of patients after relapse usually means rapid deterioration, thus becoming the leading cause of death among patients. In recent years, immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy for the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma by stimulating the body’s immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells, which could be used in combination with other treatments such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy to improve outcomes for patients with recurrent glioblastoma. This therapy combines several key methods such as the use of monoclonal antibodies, chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy, checkpoint inhibitors, oncolytic viral therapy cancer vaccines, and combination strategies. In this review, we mainly document the latest immunotherapies for the treatment of glioblastoma and especially focus on rGBM. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunotherapy in Recurrent Glioblastoma)
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25 pages, 1134 KiB  
Review
Clinical Applications of Immunotherapy for Recurrent Glioblastoma in Adults
by Meagan Mandabach Olivet, Michael C. Brown, Zachary J. Reitman, David M. Ashley, Gerald A. Grant, Yuanfan Yang and James M. Markert
Cancers 2023, 15(15), 3901; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15153901 - 31 Jul 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2939
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Despite standard therapies, including resection and chemoradiation, recurrence is virtually inevitable. Current treatment for recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM) is rapidly evolving, and emerging therapies aimed at targeting primary GBM are often first [...] Read more.
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Despite standard therapies, including resection and chemoradiation, recurrence is virtually inevitable. Current treatment for recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM) is rapidly evolving, and emerging therapies aimed at targeting primary GBM are often first tested in rGBM to demonstrate safety and feasibility, which, in recent years, has primarily been in the form of immunotherapy. The purpose of this review is to highlight progress in clinical trials of immunotherapy for rGBM, including immune checkpoint blockade, oncolytic virotherapy, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, cancer vaccine and immunotoxins. Three independent reviewers covered literature, published between the years 2000 and 2022, in various online databases. In general, the efficacy of immunotherapy in rGBM remains uncertain, and is limited to subsets/small cohorts of patients, despite demonstrating feasibility in early-stage clinical trials. However, considerable progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms that may preclude rGBM patients from responding to immunotherapy, as well as in developing new approaches/combination strategies that may inspire optimism for the utility of immunotherapy in this devastating disease. Continued trials are necessary to further assess the best therapeutic avenues and ascertain which treatments might benefit each patient individually. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunotherapy in Recurrent Glioblastoma)
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20 pages, 832 KiB  
Review
Immunotherapy for Recurrent Glioma—From Bench to Bedside
by Yi Pu, Guanyu Zhou, Kejia Zhao, Yaohui Chen and Shensi Shen
Cancers 2023, 15(13), 3421; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15133421 - 30 Jun 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2143
Abstract
Glioma is the most aggressive malignant tumor of the central nervous system, and most patients suffer from a recurrence. Unfortunately, recurrent glioma often becomes resistant to established chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatments. Immunotherapy, a rapidly developing anti-tumor therapy, has shown a potential value in [...] Read more.
Glioma is the most aggressive malignant tumor of the central nervous system, and most patients suffer from a recurrence. Unfortunately, recurrent glioma often becomes resistant to established chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatments. Immunotherapy, a rapidly developing anti-tumor therapy, has shown a potential value in treating recurrent glioma. Multiple immune strategies have been explored. The most-used ones are immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) antibodies, which are barely effective in monotherapy. However, when combined with other immunotherapy, especially with anti-angiogenesis antibodies, ICB has shown encouraging efficacy and enhanced anti-tumor immune response. Oncolytic viruses and CAR-T therapies have shown promising results in recurrent glioma through multiple mechanisms. Vaccination strategies and immune-cell-based immunotherapies are promising in some subgroups of patients, and multiple new tumor antigenic targets have been discovered. In this review, we discuss current applicable immunotherapies and related mechanisms for recurrent glioma, focusing on multiple preclinical models and clinical trials in the last 5 years. Through reviewing the current combination of immune strategies, we would like to provide substantive thoughts for further novel therapeutic regimes treating recurrent glioma. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunotherapy in Recurrent Glioblastoma)
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