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Catalysts for Mobile Source: Low-Carbon and Pollution Emission Control
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Catalysts for Mobile Source: Low-Carbon and Pollution Emission Control

A special issue of Catalysts (ISSN 2073-4344). This special issue belongs to the section "Industrial Catalysis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2023) | Viewed by 14868

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Zhenguo Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
National Engineering Laboratory for Mobile Source Emission Control Technology, China Automotive Technology & Research Center, Tianjin 300300, China
Interests: catalysts; carbon neutrality; vehicle pollution emission control; testing technology; green development
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Xiaodong Wu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Interests: environmental catalysis; noble metal catalysts; rare earth oxides; zeolites; exhaust purification; photocatalysis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The global energy shortage and environmental pollution are becoming increasingly prominent issues, hindering the sustainable development of our planet. Mobile sources are a major source of energy consumption and pollution emissions. After-treatment technology is the most effective way to solve this pollution issue. Well-known traditional after-treatment catalysts include SCR (selective catalytic reduction), cDPF (catalyzed diesel particulate filter), ASC (ammonia slip catalyst), DOC (diesel oxidation catalyst), TWC (three-way catalyst), MOC (methane oxidation catalyst), etc. In addition to these typical thermal catalysts, other advanced catalytic technologies, such as electro-assisted catalysis, have been developed. Moreover, new catalytic materials have been developed for internal combustion engines that burn low- and zero-carbon fuels. With increasingly strict emission standards and the application of green fuels, it is necessary to further optimize and upgrade existing catalysts and design new catalysts to cope with future ultra-low/near-zero emission requirements.

This Special Issue will feature the works presented at The 6th International Symposium on Mobile Source Low Carbon Energy Conservation and Pollutant Emission Control Technology that collect the research results of catalytic materials currently used to solve the problems of carbon dioxide and pollutant emissions from mobile sources, and explores the key research directions in the next stage, being committed to promoting the development of catalysis science in the field.  It involves various aspects of catalyst design, preparation, characterization, reaction mechanisms, and deactivation mechanisms, including, but not limited to, catalysts used to address the main pollutants such as HC, CO, NOx, and PM, catalysts used to address unconventional pollutants such as CH4, N2O, NH3 and NMHC, electrocatalysts and plasma-assisted catalysts, low-temperature adsorption materials, etc.

More information about the symposium can be found at: https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/1zSOBMKA2U0CAkbjVyosmg

Additionally, scientists are cordially invited to contribute original research papers or reviews in modeling and simulation based on the catalysts, collaborative control technology for mobile source pollution and carbon reduction, and ultra-low emission after-treatment technology to this special issue of Catalysts.

Dr. Zhenguo Li
Dr. Xiaodong Wu
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • CO2 and pollution emission cooperative control technology
  • after-treatment technology
  • ultra-low-emission after-treatment technology
  • catalyst design
  • catalyst synthesis and characterization
  • heterogeneous catalyst
  • mechanism of catalytic reaction
  • catalyst deactivation mechanism
  • thermodynamics and kinetics
  • modeling and simulation of catalytic reactions

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Published Papers (8 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 6889 KiB  
Article
Unraveling FeOx Nanoparticles Confined on Fibrous Mesoporous Silica Catalyst Construction and CO Catalytic Oxidation Performance
by Guobo Li, Weiwei Feng, Yiwei Luo, Jie Yan, Yining Cai, Yiling Wang, Shule Zhang, Wenming Liu and Honggen Peng
Catalysts 2024, 14(1), 63; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal14010063 - 14 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1669
Abstract
Catalytic oxidation is used to control carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from industrial exhaust. In this study, a mesoporous silica material, KCC-1, was synthesized and used as a carrier with a high specific surface area to confine active component FeOx nanoparticles (NPs), and [...] Read more.
Catalytic oxidation is used to control carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from industrial exhaust. In this study, a mesoporous silica material, KCC-1, was synthesized and used as a carrier with a high specific surface area to confine active component FeOx nanoparticles (NPs), and the CO catalytic oxidation performance of x%Fe@KCC-1 catalysts (x represents the mass loading of Fe) was studied. The experimental results showed that due to its large specific surface area and abundant mesopores, the FeOx NPs were highly dispersed on the surface of the KCC-1 carrier. The particle size of FeOx was very small, resulting in strong interactions between FeOx NPs and KCC-1, which enhanced the catalytic oxidation reaction on the catalyst. The FeOx loading improved the CO adsorption capability of the catalyst, which facilitated the catalytic oxidation of CO, with the 7%Fe@KCC-1 catalyst achieving 100% CO conversion at 160 °C. The CO catalytic removal mechanism was investigated by a combination of in-situ DRIFTS and DFT calculations. This study advances scientific understanding of the application potential of nano-catalysts in important oxidation reactions and provides valuable insights into the development of efficient CO oxidation catalysts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalysts for Mobile Source: Low-Carbon and Pollution Emission Control)
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13 pages, 3290 KiB  
Article
Cerium Doping Effect in 3DOM Perovskite-Type La2−xCexCoNiO6 Catalysts for Boosting Soot Oxidation
by Kaixuan Chen, Linsheng Xu, Yuanfeng Li, Jing Xiong, Dawei Han, Yaxiao Ma, Peng Zhang, Haoqi Guo and Yuechang Wei
Catalysts 2024, 14(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal14010018 - 26 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1818
Abstract
Herein, we present an in-depth investigation into the enhancement of catalytic soot oxidation through cerium-doped three-dimensional ordered macroporous (3DOM) La-Co-Ni-based perovskites synthesized with the colloidal crystal template (CCT) method. The 3DOM structure significantly contributes to the accessibility and interaction efficiency between soot and [...] Read more.
Herein, we present an in-depth investigation into the enhancement of catalytic soot oxidation through cerium-doped three-dimensional ordered macroporous (3DOM) La-Co-Ni-based perovskites synthesized with the colloidal crystal template (CCT) method. The 3DOM structure significantly contributes to the accessibility and interaction efficiency between soot and catalyst. Based on the results of powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption-desorption measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), temperature-programmed oxidation of NO (NO-TPO), temperature-programmed reduction of H2 (H2-TPR), in situ infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (In-situ DRIFTS), and temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO) reactions, the role of cerium doping in modifying the structural and catalytic properties of 3DOM perovskite-type La2−xCexCoNiO6 catalysts was investigated systematically. The optimized cerium doping ratio in La2−xCexCoNiO6 catalysts can improve the microenvironment for efficient soot-catalyst contact, enhancing the catalytic activity of soot oxidation. Among the catalysts, the 3DOM La0.8Ce1.2CoNiO6 catalyst shows the highest catalytic activity for soot oxidation, whose T10, T50, and T90 values are 306 °C, 356 °C, and 402 °C, respectively. The mechanism of the cerium doping effect for boosting soot oxidation is proposed: The doping of Ce ions can increase the surface oxygen species, which is the main active species for promoting the key step of NO oxidation to NO2 in catalyzing soot oxidation. This research provides a new strategy to develop high-efficient non-noble metal catalysts for soot oxidation in pollution control and sustainable environmental practices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalysts for Mobile Source: Low-Carbon and Pollution Emission Control)
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14 pages, 8293 KiB  
Article
Steam Treatment Promotion on the Performance of Pt/CeO2 Three-Way Catalysts for Emission Control of Natural Gas-Fueled Vehicles
by Xi Liu, Yuankai Shao, Xiaoning Ren, Anqi Dong, Kaixiang Li, Bingjie Zhou, Chunqing Yang, Yatao Liu and Zhenguo Li
Catalysts 2024, 14(1), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal14010017 - 25 Dec 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1738
Abstract
Three-way catalyst (TWC) is the mainstream technology for stoichiometric natural gas vehicle gas emission purification to meet the China VI emission standard for heavy-duty vehicles. Due to the high price of Pd-Rh TWC widely used at present, it is of great significance to [...] Read more.
Three-way catalyst (TWC) is the mainstream technology for stoichiometric natural gas vehicle gas emission purification to meet the China VI emission standard for heavy-duty vehicles. Due to the high price of Pd-Rh TWC widely used at present, it is of great significance to develop cheaper Pt-only catalysts as substitutes. However, there are few studies on Pt-only TWC, especially for natural gas vehicles. It remains a formidable challenge to develop Pt-only TWC with excellent activity and stability. In this study, we significantly improved the catalytic performance of Pt/CeO2 TWC through thermal treatment, especially steam treatment at 800 °C, and used XRD, TEM, H2-TPR, and XPS techniques to investigate how Pt/CeO2 can be activated via these treatments. Our results suggested that after these treatments, CeO2 crystallites sintered slightly, while platinum particles remained highly dispersed. Moreover, these treatments also weakened the Pt-CeO2 interaction, promoted the formation of oxygen vacancies in CeO2 support, and generated a new type of active surface oxygen in the vicinity of Ptδ+, thus improving the activity of the catalyst. After 800 °C steam treatment, the T50 of CH4 and NO decreased by 31 and 36 °C, respectively. The results obtained in this study provide implications for the synthesis of efficient Pt-based catalysts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalysts for Mobile Source: Low-Carbon and Pollution Emission Control)
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17 pages, 10980 KiB  
Article
Enhanced Low-Temperature Activity and Hydrothermal Stability of Ce-Mn Oxide-Modified Cu-SSZ-39 Catalysts for NH3-SCR of NOx
by Ahui Tang, Fuzhen Yang, Ying Xin, Xiaoli Zhu, Long Yu, Shuai Liu, Dongxu Han, Junxiu Jia, Yaning Lu, Zhenguo Li and Zhaoliang Zhang
Catalysts 2024, 14(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal14010010 - 21 Dec 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1718
Abstract
Cu-SSZ-39 zeolite with an AEI structure exhibits excellent hydrothermal stability and can be a potential alternative to Cu-SSZ-13 zeolite SCR catalysts for NOx removal in diesel vehicles. However, the inferior low-temperature performance of Cu-SSZ-39 leads to substantial NOx emissions during the [...] Read more.
Cu-SSZ-39 zeolite with an AEI structure exhibits excellent hydrothermal stability and can be a potential alternative to Cu-SSZ-13 zeolite SCR catalysts for NOx removal in diesel vehicles. However, the inferior low-temperature performance of Cu-SSZ-39 leads to substantial NOx emissions during the cold-start period, impeding its practical application. In this study, Ce-Mn oxide-modified Cu-SSZ-39 catalysts (CeMnOx/Cu-SSZ-39) and references (CeO2/Cu-SSZ-39 and MnOx/Cu-SSZ-39) were prepared by the ion-exchange of Cu ions followed by impregnation of the oxide precursors, with the aim of enhancing the NH3-SCR performance at low temperatures. The modified catalysts exhibited improved low-temperature activity and hydrothermal stability compared to the unmodified counterpart. In particular, CeMnOx/Cu-SSZ-39 showed the highest activity among the three catalysts and achieved NOx conversions above 90% within the temperature range of 180 °C to 600 °C, even after undergoing hydrothermal aging at 800 °C. Experimental results indicated that the synergistic effect between Ce and Mn in CeMnOx improves the redox properties and acidity of the catalyst due to the presence of Ce3+, Mn4+, and abundant adsorbed oxygen species, which facilitate low-temperature SCR reactions. Furthermore, the interaction of CeMnOx with Cu-SSZ-39 stabilizes the zeolite framework and hinders the agglomeration of Cu species during the hydrothermal aging process, contributing to its exceptional hydrothermal stability. The kinetics and NO oxidation experiments demonstrated that CeMnOx provides access to fast SCR reaction pathways by oxidizing NO to NO2, resulting in a significant increase in low-temperature activity. This study provides novel guidelines for the design and preparation of Cu-SSZ-39 zeolite with outstanding SCR performance over a wide temperature range. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalysts for Mobile Source: Low-Carbon and Pollution Emission Control)
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15 pages, 3847 KiB  
Article
New Insights into the Effect of Ce Doping on the Catalytic Performance and Hydrothermal Stability of Cu-USY Zeolite Catalysts for the Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO with NH3
by Qi Sun, Haipeng Yang, Jie Wan, Wanru Hua, Yanjun Liu, Xiaoli Wang, Chunxiao Shi, Qingai Shi, Gongde Wu and Renxian Zhou
Catalysts 2023, 13(12), 1485; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13121485 - 30 Nov 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1484
Abstract
5Cu-USY and Ce-doped 5Cu8Ce-USY zeolite catalysts were prepared by the conventional impregnation method. The obtained catalysts were subjected to the hydrothermal ageing process. The catalytic performance of the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3 (NH3-SCR) was evaluated on [...] Read more.
5Cu-USY and Ce-doped 5Cu8Ce-USY zeolite catalysts were prepared by the conventional impregnation method. The obtained catalysts were subjected to the hydrothermal ageing process. The catalytic performance of the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3 (NH3-SCR) was evaluated on both fresh and aged catalysts. Physical/chemical characterizations such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), H2 temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were performed, along with detailed in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier-transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) experiments including CO adsorption, NH3 adsorption, and NO + O2 reactions. Results showed that, for the 5Cu-USY catalyst, hydrothermal ageing treatment could somehow improve the low-temperature SCR activity, but it also led to significant formation of unfavorable byproducts NO2 and N2O. Such an activity change can be attributed to hydrothermal ageing inducing the migration of isolated Cu+ species in the sodalite cavities towards the super cages of the USY zeolites. The increased content of Cu+ species in the super cages was beneficial for the low-temperature activity improvement, but, at the same time, it also facilitated ammonia oxidation at high temperatures. Ce doping after hydrothermal ageing has a “double-edged sword” effect on the catalytic performance. First of all, Ce doping can inhibit Cu species migration by self-occupying the internal cage sites; thus, the catalytic performance of 5Cu8Ce-USY-700H remains stable after ageing. Secondly, Ce doping introduces a CuOx–CeO2 strong interaction, which facilitates lattice oxygen mobility by forming more oxygen vacancies so as to increase the concentration of surface active oxygen. These changes, on the one hand, could help to promote further oxidative decomposition of nitrate/nitrite intermediates and improve the catalytic performance. But, on the other hand, it also causes the byproduct generation to become more severe. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalysts for Mobile Source: Low-Carbon and Pollution Emission Control)
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11 pages, 6021 KiB  
Article
Enhanced Soot Oxidation Activity of a CuO-Doped CeO2 Catalyst via Acid Etching
by Changlong Zheng, Xiaodong Wu, Zhenguo Li, Rui Ran and Duan Weng
Catalysts 2023, 13(12), 1463; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13121463 - 23 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1288
Abstract
Copper oxides tend to agglomerate on the surface of CeO2, with a high amount of Cu. In this study, a CeO2 catalyst with a high CuO doping amount was treated with nitric acid to improve its catalytic performance for soot [...] Read more.
Copper oxides tend to agglomerate on the surface of CeO2, with a high amount of Cu. In this study, a CeO2 catalyst with a high CuO doping amount was treated with nitric acid to improve its catalytic performance for soot oxidation. The effect of acid etching on the structural properties of the CuO-doped CeO2 catalyst were elucidated. The characterization results indicated that aggregated CuO particles formed over CuCe. The acid etching resulted in a remarkable increase in the surface area of CuCe. Additionally, acid etching promoted the formation of surface-adsorbed oxygen species and oxygen vacancy, and reduced the content of CuOx species with weak interaction with CeO2. The soot temperature-programmed oxidation results show the acid etching of CuCe catalyst could reduce the T50 from 443 to 383 °C. The isothermal reaction results also suggest that acid etching of CuCe leads to an increase in reaction rate from 16.2 to 46.0 μmol min−1 g−1. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalysts for Mobile Source: Low-Carbon and Pollution Emission Control)
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Review

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19 pages, 3920 KiB  
Review
Preparation of Mesoporous Zeolites and Their Applications in Catalytic Elimination of Atmospheric Pollutants
by Chuchen Miao, Lanyi Wang, Shengran Zhou, Di Yu, Chunlei Zhang, Siyu Gao, Xuehua Yu and Zhen Zhao
Catalysts 2024, 14(1), 75; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal14010075 - 17 Jan 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2316
Abstract
With increasing environmental awareness, the issue of atmospheric pollution has gained significant attention. Specifically, three types of atmospheric pollutants, namely, nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, and carbon monoxide, have become the focus of widespread concern. In addressing these pollutants, mesoporous zeolites have emerged [...] Read more.
With increasing environmental awareness, the issue of atmospheric pollution has gained significant attention. Specifically, three types of atmospheric pollutants, namely, nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, and carbon monoxide, have become the focus of widespread concern. In addressing these pollutants, mesoporous zeolites have emerged as promising materials due to their large specific surface area, which enables effective dispersion of active sites, and their large pore volume, which facilitates efficient diffusion. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the preparation methods of mesoporous zeolites and their applications in removing nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, and carbon monoxide. It also highlights the challenges and limitations faced by the application of mesoporous zeolites in pollutant removal and emphasizes their potential as efficient catalysts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalysts for Mobile Source: Low-Carbon and Pollution Emission Control)
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30 pages, 9516 KiB  
Review
Application of Unconventional External-Field Treatments in Air Pollutants Removal over Zeolite-Based Adsorbents/Catalysts
by Haodan Cheng, Xiaoning Ren, Yuan Yao, Xiaolong Tang, Honghong Yi, Fengyu Gao, Yuansong Zhou and Qingjun Yu
Catalysts 2023, 13(12), 1461; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13121461 - 23 Nov 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2184
Abstract
Zeolite-based materials are widely used as adsorbents and catalysts for purifying air pollutants like NOx and VOCs due to abundant pore structure, regular pore distribution, and numerous ion exchange sites. Thermal treatment is a necessary procedure for both removing impurities in pores [...] Read more.
Zeolite-based materials are widely used as adsorbents and catalysts for purifying air pollutants like NOx and VOCs due to abundant pore structure, regular pore distribution, and numerous ion exchange sites. Thermal treatment is a necessary procedure for both removing impurities in pores and promoting the metal active dispersed evenly before the zeolite-based adsorbents/catalysts were applied for purifying the NOx/VOCs. Nevertheless, the conventional thermal field treatment (i.e., high-temperature calcination, high-temperature purging, etc.) takes large energy consumption. In contrast, unconventional external-field treatments such as non-thermal plasma and microwave show significant advantages of high efficiency, low energy consumption as well and low pollution, which were used to substitute the traditional thermal treatment in many fields. In this paper, the roles of non-thermal plasma or microwave in the adsorption/catalysis of the NOx/VOCs are reviewed from three aspects assisting activation of materials, cooperative catalysis process, and assisting zeolites synthesis. The reasons for unconventional treatments in improving textural properties, active sites, performance, etc. of zeolite-based materials were illuminated in detail. Moreover, the influences of various parameters (i.e., power, time, temperature, etc.) on the above aspects are elaborated. It is hoped that this review could provide some advanced guidance for the researchers to develop highly efficient materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalysts for Mobile Source: Low-Carbon and Pollution Emission Control)
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