Cellular Mechanisms of Therapy Resistance and Metastasis in Breast Cancer

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409). This special issue belongs to the section "Cellular Pathology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 April 2025) | Viewed by 2340

Special Issue Editors


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Department of Biology, Arizona State University, Lake Havasu City, AZ, USA
Interests: cancer biology; genetics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jizan, Saudi Arabia
Interests: immunogenetics of autoimmune diseases; cancer; microbial disease

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying therapy resistance and metastasis in breast cancer has advanced recently, offering vital new information for creating more potent treatment plans. Clarifying the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance to common treatments like chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapies is one important area of advancement. Researchers have discovered a number of ways that cancer cells can elude therapy and persist, such as genetic mutations, epigenetic changes, and dysregulated communication pathways.

The ability to characterize diverse cell populations inside tumors and identify subpopulations with unique genetic profiles as well as potential vulnerabilities has been made possible by developments in single-cell sequencing methods. This information is essential for creating individualized treatment plans that are catered to specific patients. Furthermore, research examining the tumor microenvironment has brought attention to the function of extracellular matrix elements, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and immune cells in developing therapeutic resistance and aiding in metastasis. By focusing on these interactions, combination therapies with the goal of defeating resistance and stopping cancer from spreading may find intriguing new directions.

There is a lot of hope for overcoming drug resistance and enhancing patient outcomes with the advent of innovative therapeutic modalities, including immunotherapies and precision medicine approaches. Using such developments, researchers and clinicians are working together to decipher the biology of breast cancer and create novel therapeutic approaches that will effectively fight metastasis and resistance.

Dr. Naseem Akhter
Dr. Sajad Ahmad Dar
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • single-cell sequencing
  • tumor microenvironment
  • immunotherapies
  • precision medicine
  • therapy resistance mechanisms

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

34 pages, 1518 KiB  
Review
Targeting Refractory Triple-Negative Breast Cancer with Sacituzumab Govitecan: A New Era in Precision Medicine
by Saif Khan, Suresh Babu Jandrajupalli, Nashwa Zaki Ali Bushara, Rama Devi Patel Raja, Shadab Mirza, Kuldeep Sharma, Rajan Verma, Ashish Kumar and Mohtashim Lohani
Cells 2024, 13(24), 2126; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13242126 - 22 Dec 2024
Viewed by 1828
Abstract
Advanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has poorer outcomes due to its aggressive behavior and restricted therapeutic options. While therapies like checkpoint inhibitors and PARP inhibitors offer some benefits, chemotherapy remains ineffective beyond the first line of treatment. Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) like sacituzumab govitecan-hziy [...] Read more.
Advanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has poorer outcomes due to its aggressive behavior and restricted therapeutic options. While therapies like checkpoint inhibitors and PARP inhibitors offer some benefits, chemotherapy remains ineffective beyond the first line of treatment. Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) like sacituzumab govitecan-hziy (SG) represent a significant advancement. SG combines SN-38, an irinotecan derivative, with a Trop-2-targeting antibody via a pH-sensitive linking moiety, achieving a good drug:antibody ratio. In a phase I-II study involving metastatic TNBC (mTNBC) individuals, SG achieved an overall response rate of 33.3% and a median response period of 7.7 months. The phase III ASCENT trial demonstrated SG’s efficacy in relapsed or refractory TNBC, improving median progression-free survival and median overall survival compared to chemotherapy. Common side effects include neutropenia, nausea, and fatigue. This article highlights the clinical potential, pharmacokinetics, safety profile, and resistance mechanisms of SG along with key ongoing clinical trials, emphasizing its role in managing refractory mTNBC, especially in third-line therapy. The review also discusses current strategies for managing adverse reactions and sequencing ADC treatments in clinical practice, along with the predicted basis of resistance. The optimal sequencing of SG relative to other ADCs, such as trastuzumab deruxtecan or T-DXd, remains an evolving question, especially as newer agents with distinct mechanisms of action and safety profiles enter the field. Further research is essential to establish evidence-based strategies for sequencing SG and addressing disease progression post-ADC therapy. Full article
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