Relationship between Inflammation and Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Pathway - Second Edition

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409). This special issue belongs to the section "Cell Signaling".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 March 2023) | Viewed by 4884

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Department of Biology, Geology and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
Interests: inflammation; aryl hydrocarbon receptor; cell physiology; cell signaling; endocrine interference; nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
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Dear Colleagues,

Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) has long been known as an endogenous biosensor linking different environmental stresses to cellular homeostatic mechanisms and detoxification processes. Its evolutionary conservation and the gene sets that are responsive to this transcription factor highlight its participation in basic physiological processes such as cell growth and differentiation, and in the inflammatory response. In fact, AhR plays a central modulatory role in the immune system and is also emerging as a key player in inflammatory processes, which are triggered by several physiologic and pathologic settings in different tissues. In the last two decades, research with AhR knockout mice highlighted AhR participation in the homeostasis of almost all physiologic systems with both genomic and non-genomic mechanisms that frequently interact with inflammation pathways. In addition, the variety of endogenous and exogenous ligands that interfere with AhR signalling points out its role beyond detoxification processes and is helping in understanding its contribution in cell transition to the inflammatory state and in its resolution.

This call meets the growing need to draw a coherent framework describing the participation of AhR pathway in the management of inflammatory processes in different cell types. We will appreciate papers reporting the contribution of AhR, both in the onset and in the resolution of inflammation in physiological and pathological settings, including the recent SARS-CoV-2-induced inflammation. Evolutionary perspectives about AhR functions are also welcome.

Prof. Dr. Tiziana Guarnieri
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • aryl hydrocarbon receptor
  • biosensor
  • xenobiotics
  • ligands
  • inflammation
  • immune system
  • homeostasis
  • cellular signalling
  • evolution

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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15 pages, 2138 KiB  
Article
Regulation of IDO2 by the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) in Breast Cancer
by Sarah Y. Kado, Keith Bein, Alejandro R. Castaneda, Arshia A. Pouraryan, Nicole Garrity, Yasuhiro Ishihara, Andrea Rossi, Thomas Haarmann-Stemmann, Colleen A. Sweeney and Christoph F. A. Vogel
Cells 2023, 12(10), 1433; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12101433 - 20 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2419
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2 (IDO2) is a tryptophan-catabolizing enzyme and a homolog of IDO1 with a distinct expression pattern compared with IDO1. In dendritic cells (DCs), IDO activity and the resulting changes in tryptophan level regulate T-cell differentiation and promote immune tolerance. Recent studies [...] Read more.
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2 (IDO2) is a tryptophan-catabolizing enzyme and a homolog of IDO1 with a distinct expression pattern compared with IDO1. In dendritic cells (DCs), IDO activity and the resulting changes in tryptophan level regulate T-cell differentiation and promote immune tolerance. Recent studies indicate that IDO2 exerts an additional, non-enzymatic function and pro-inflammatory activity, which may play an important role in diseases such as autoimmunity and cancer. Here, we investigated the impact of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation by endogenous compounds and environmental pollutants on the expression of IDO2. Treatment with AhR ligands induced IDO2 in MCF-7 wildtype cells but not in CRISPR-cas9 AhR-knockout MCF-7 cells. Promoter analysis with IDO2 reporter constructs revealed that the AhR-dependent induction of IDO2 involves a short-tandem repeat containing four core sequences of a xenobiotic response element (XRE) upstream of the start site of the human ido2 gene. The analysis of breast cancer datasets revealed that IDO2 expression increased in breast cancer compared with normal samples. Our findings suggest that the AhR-mediated expression of IDO2 in breast cancer could contribute to a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment in breast cancer. Full article
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14 pages, 2773 KiB  
Article
Hydroquinone, an Environmental Pollutant, Affects Cartilage Homeostasis through the Activation of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Pathway
by Cintia Scucuglia Heluany, Anna De Palma, Nicholas James Day, Sandra Helena Poliselli Farsky and Giovanna Nalesso
Cells 2023, 12(5), 690; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12050690 - 22 Feb 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2076
Abstract
Exposure to environmental pollutants has a proven detrimental impact on different aspects of human health. Increasing evidence has linked pollution to the degeneration of tissues in the joints, although through vastly uncharacterised mechanisms. We have previously shown that exposure to hydroquinone (HQ), a [...] Read more.
Exposure to environmental pollutants has a proven detrimental impact on different aspects of human health. Increasing evidence has linked pollution to the degeneration of tissues in the joints, although through vastly uncharacterised mechanisms. We have previously shown that exposure to hydroquinone (HQ), a benzene metabolite that can be found in motor fuels and cigarette smoke, exacerbates synovial hypertrophy and oxidative stress in the synovium. To further understand the impact of the pollutant on joint health, here we investigated the effect of HQ on the articular cartilage. HQ exposure aggravated cartilage damage in rats in which inflammatory arthritis was induced by injection of Collagen type II. Cell viability, cell phenotypic changes and oxidative stress were quantified in primary bovine articular chondrocytes exposed to HQ in the presence or absence of IL-1β. HQ stimulation downregulated phenotypic markers genes SOX-9 and Col2a1, whereas it upregulated the expression of the catabolic enzymes MMP-3 and ADAMTS5 at the mRNA level. HQ also reduced proteoglycan content and promoted oxidative stress alone and in synergy with IL-1β. Finally, we showed that HQ-degenerative effects were mediated by the activation of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor. Together, our findings describe the harmful effects of HQ on articular cartilage health, providing novel evidence surrounding the toxic mechanisms of environmental pollutants underlying the onset of articular diseases. Full article
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