Cell and Tissue Behavior in Microgravity

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409). This special issue belongs to the section "Tissues and Organs".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 March 2023) | Viewed by 3725

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Experimental Medicine, Systems Biology Group Lab, Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Scarpa 16, 00163 Rome, Italy
Interests: inositol in endocrine control and carcinogenesis; tumor reversion through epigenetic and microenvironment modification; biophysical control of morphogenesis and differentiation
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Gravity has constantly influenced both physical and biological phenomena throughout all of Earth’s history. The gravitational field played a major role in shaping evolution when life moved from water to land, by influencing natural selection only by limiting the range of acceptable body sizes. Indeed, to counteract gravity, living organisms would need to develop systems to provide cell membrane rigidity, fluid flow regulation, and appropriate structural support and locomotion. However, gravity can influence in a more deep and subtle fashion the way cells and tissues behave and build themselves. Gravity represents an ‘inescapable’ constraint that obliges living beings to adopt only a few configurations among many others. By ‘removing’ the gravitational field, living structures will be free to recover more degrees of freedom, thus acquiring new phenotypes and new functions/properties. Microgravity provides an unexpected opportunity to study how physical cues may successfully drive several biological properties, by interacting with genomic and proteomic cues.

Therefore, it has been argued that the ultimate reason for human space exploration is precisely to enable us to discover ourselves. Controlled studies conducted in microgravity can advance our knowledge, providing amazing insights into the biological mechanism underlying physiology as well as many relevant diseases, such as cancer. Thereby, space-based investigations may serve as a novel paradigm for innovation in basic and applied science.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to:

  • Direct and indirect mechanisms of gravity sensing by cells and tissues;
  • Shape, cytoskeletal, and nucleoskeletal changes in microgravity;
  • Changes in molecular pathways upon microgravity exposure;
  • Cell fate commitment and differentiation in microgravity;
  • How microgravity affects gene expression and gene regulatory circuits, including miRNAs;
  • Experimental models in microgravity: from 2D to 3D cell/organoid cultures.

Dr. Mariano Bizzarri
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • cytoskeleton
  • miRNAs
  • cell differentiation
  • tissue organization
  • organoids
  • proteomic profile

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

16 pages, 2301 KiB  
Article
Transcriptomic Signature of the Simulated Microgravity Response in Caenorhabditis elegans and Comparison to Spaceflight Experiments
by İrem Çelen, Aroshan Jayasinghe, Jung H. Doh and Chandran R. Sabanayagam
Cells 2023, 12(2), 270; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12020270 - 10 Jan 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3131
Abstract
Given the growing interest in human exploration of space, it is crucial to identify the effects of space conditions on biological processes. Here, we analyze the transcriptomic response of Caenorhabditis elegans to simulated microgravity and observe the maintained transcriptomic response after returning to [...] Read more.
Given the growing interest in human exploration of space, it is crucial to identify the effects of space conditions on biological processes. Here, we analyze the transcriptomic response of Caenorhabditis elegans to simulated microgravity and observe the maintained transcriptomic response after returning to ground conditions for four, eight, and twelve days. We show that 75% of the simulated microgravity-induced changes on gene expression persist after returning to ground conditions for four days while most of these changes are reverted after twelve days. Our results from integrative RNA-seq and mass spectrometry analyses suggest that simulated microgravity affects longevity-regulating insulin/IGF-1 and sphingolipid signaling pathways. Finally, we identified 118 genes that are commonly differentially expressed in simulated microgravity- and space-exposed worms. Overall, this work provides insight into the effect of microgravity on biological systems during and after exposure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cell and Tissue Behavior in Microgravity)
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