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A special issue of Chemosensors (ISSN 2227-9040). This special issue belongs to the section "Analytical Methods, Instrumentation and Miniaturization".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2023) | Viewed by 23955

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Jin-Ming Lin

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Guest Editor

Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Interests: bio- and environmental analytical chemistry; microfluidics and mass spectrometry for cell analysis; chemiluminescence/fluorescence immunoassay for protein and DNA analysis; analytical methods for negative oxygen ions and reactive oxygen species (ROS); sample pretreatment for mass spectrometry and chromatography analysis; development of analytical instrumentation

Prof. Dr. Qiongzheng Hu

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Guest Editor

School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
Interests: liquid crystals; sensors; polymer dots; fluorescent materials; paper-based devices
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Luminescent sensors act as critical detection tools in a broad range of areas in biology, medicine, environmental care, etc. This Special Issue will provide a forum for the latest research activities in the field of luminescent sensors such as bioluminescent sensors, chemiluminescent sensors, electrochemiluminescent sensors, sonoluminescent sensors, triboluminescent sensors, and fluorescent and phosphorescent sensors. Both review articles and original research papers are encouraged in, though not limited to, the following areas:

The new concepts of developing luminescent sensors;
The design of new luminescent materials for sensing applications;
The use of new materials for the development of luminescent sensors;
The emerging applications of luminescent sensors;
State-of-the-art technologies to improve the performance of luminescent sensors;
The fabrication of custom-made luminescent sensors;
The development of luminescence-based instruments for sensing applications;

If you want to learn more information or need any advice, you can contact the Special Issue Editor Tammy Zhang via <[email protected]> directly.

Prof. Dr. Jin-Ming Lin
Prof. Dr. Qiongzheng Hu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Chemosensors is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

bioluminescent sensors
chemiluminescent sensors
electrochemiluminescent sensors
sonoluminescent sensors
triboluminescent sensors
fluorescent sensors
phosphorescent sensors

Published Papers (12 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 6779 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Trimethylsilylethynyl-Substituted Pyrene Doped Materials as Improved Fluorescent Sensors towards Nitroaromatic Explosives and Related Compounds

by Roman D. Chuvashov, Ekaterina F. Zhilina, Kseniya I. Lugovik, Anna A. Baranova, Konstantin O. Khokhlov, Danil V. Belyaev, Mohamad Zen Eddin, Gennady L. Rusinov, Egor V. Verbitskiy and Valery N. Charushin

Chemosensors 2023, 11(3), 167; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11030167 - 01 Mar 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1668

Abstract

The well-known fluorophore, namely 1,3,6,8-tetrakis[(trimethylsilyl)ethynyl]pyrene, has been studied profoundly as a fluorescent sensor toward nitroaromatic compounds in solutions and vapor phase. Three prototypes of fluorescent materials for vapor sensing were prepared via electrospinning and drop-casting onto the melamine formaldehyde foam with the fluorophore as a pure solid or as a dopant in the polystyrene matrix. It has been shown that this fluorophore and solid fluorescent materials based on it have high detection limits toward nitroaromatic compounds within the range of 10⁻⁸ to 10⁻⁹ M in acetonitrile solution and within the up to ppb range in the vapor phase. The model, expanding on Frisch’s permeation model, was utilized to characterize the fluorescence response of materials relative to vapor concentration and duration of exposure to vapor. All prototypes can be used as sensor materials exhibiting a good sensitivity and selectivity for the original hand-made sniffer for detecting nitro-containing explosives in the vapor phase for real-time application. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers on Luminescent Sensing)

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16 pages, 2508 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Fluorogenic Covalent Chromone-Based Intercalator with a Mega-Stokes Shift for Sensing DNA Hybridization

by Steve Vincent, Suman Mallick, Guillaume Barnoin, Hoang-Ngoan Le, Alain Burger and Benoît Y. Michel

Chemosensors 2023, 11(3), 161; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11030161 - 26 Feb 2023

Viewed by 1704

Abstract

Forced intercalation (FIT) probes have proven to be a reliable, rapid, inexpensive, and accurate method for the detection and visualization of specific nucleic acid sequences. The accommodation of a rationally designed chromone-based fluorogen within a double-stranded DNA structure was investigated by UV–Vis spectrophotometry and steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy under physiological pH conditions. After selective excitation matching with a 350 nm laser, the intrinsically negligible fluorescence of the tethered electroneutral label in a single-stranded context was increased 10-fold upon duplex formation. This fluorescence enhancement was also accompanied by a mega-Stokes shift (~100 nm) that placed the emission in the cyan color range; both features are appreciable for bio-imaging purposes. In sum, its fluorogenic behavior and its marginal impact on the double helix make this dye a prospective tool for selectively sensing sequences of interest with a remarkable ON/OFF contrast. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers on Luminescent Sensing)

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14 pages, 5612 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Mercury Ion Chemosensor Derived from Barbiturate Acid with Aggregation-Induced Emission Effect

by Xuezu Guo, Lanlan Gao, Furong Tao, Shining Wu and Yuezhi Cui

Chemosensors 2022, 10(10), 422; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10100422 - 14 Oct 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1361

Abstract

The detection of toxic metals is indispensable for water safety. In this paper, a small molecule of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) with barbiturate group was synthesized. It combined with mercury ions to form a stable metal complex so as to enhance the color of the solution to achieve the visualization of ion detection. The fluorescent molecule showed good selectivity and anti-interference ability and had a low detection limit (DL = 22.27 nM) for mercury ion. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers on Luminescent Sensing)

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13 pages, 2457 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Programmable, Universal DNAzyme Amplifier Supporting Pancreatic Cancer-Related miRNAs Detection

by Kunhan Nie, Yongjian Jiang, Na Wang, Yajun Wang, Di Li, Lei Zhan, Chengzhi Huang and Chunmei Li

Chemosensors 2022, 10(7), 276; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10070276 - 13 Jul 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1437

Abstract

The abnormal expression of miRNA is closely related to the occurrence of pancreatic cancer. Herein, a programmable DNAzyme amplifier for the universal detection of pancreatic cancer-related miRNAs was proposed based on its programmability through the rational design of sequences. The fluorescence signal recovery of the DNAzyme amplifier showed a good linear relationship with the concentration of miR-10b in the range of 10–60 nM, with a detection limit of 893 pM. At the same time, this method displayed a high selectivity for miR-10b, with a remarkable discrimination of a single nucleotide difference. Furthermore, this method was also successfully used to detect miR-21 in the range of 10–60 nM based on the programmability of the DNA amplifier, exhibiting the universal application feasibility of this design. Overall, the proposed programmable DNAzyme cycle amplifier strategy shows promising potential for the simple, rapid, and universal detection of pancreatic cancer-related miRNAs, which is significant for improving the accuracy of pancreatic cancer diagnosis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers on Luminescent Sensing)

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12 pages, 4336 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Pt/Au Nanoparticles@Co₃O₄ Cataluminescence Sensor for Rapid Analysis of Methyl Sec-Butyl Ether Impurity in Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether Gasoline Additive

by Zhaoxia Shi, Ling Xia, Gongke Li and Yufei Hu

Chemosensors 2022, 10(7), 260; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10070260 - 04 Jul 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1827

Abstract

High purity methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) can be used to adjust gasoline octane values. However, an isomer, methyl sec-butyl ether (MSBE), is the main by-product of its industrial production, and this affects the purity of MTBE. Pt/Au NPs@Co₃O₄ composites with a hollow dodecahedron three-dimensional structure were synthesized using ZIF-67 as a template, with Pt and Au nanoparticles (NPs) evenly distributed on the shell of the hollow structure. A CTL sensor was established for the determination of MSBE based on the specificity of Pt/Au NPs@Co₃O₄. The experimental results showed that Pt/Au NPs@Co₃O₄ had a strong specific cataluminescence (CTL) response to MSBE, with no interference from MTBE. The linear range was 0.10–90 mg/L, the limit of detection was 0.031 mg/L (S/N = 3), the RSD was 2.5% (n = 9), and a complete sample test could be completed in five minutes. The sensor was used to detect MSBE in MTBE of different purity grades, with recoveries ranging from 92.0% to 109.2%, and the analytical results were consistent with those determined by gas chromatography. These results indicate that the established method was accurate and reliable, and could be used for rapid analysis of MTBE gasoline additive. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers on Luminescent Sensing)

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11 pages, 1817 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Signal-On and Highly Sensitive Electrochemiluminescence Biosensor for Hydrogen Sulfide in Joint Fluid Based on Silver-Ion-Mediated Base Pairs and Hybridization Chain Reaction

by Zhonghui Chen, Guoli Chen, Wei Lin, Jinqiu Li, Lishan Fang, Xinyang Wang, Ying Zhang, Yu Chen and Zhenyu Lin

Chemosensors 2022, 10(7), 250; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10070250 - 28 Jun 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1438

Abstract

Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) in joint fluid acts as a signal molecule to regulate joint inflammation. Direct detection of H₂S in joint fluid is of great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of arthritis. However, due to the low volume of joint fluid and low H₂S concentration, existing methods face the problem of the insufficient limit of detection. In this study, a highly sensitive biosensor was proposed by designing a primer probe and combining it with hybrid chain reaction (HCR) under the strong interaction between metal ions and H₂S to achieve H₂S detection. The primer probe containing multiple cytosine (C) sequences was fixed on a gold electrode, and the C–Ag–C hairpin structure was formed under the action of Ag⁺. In the presence of H₂S, it can combine with Ag⁺ in the hairpin structure to form Ag₂S, which leads to the opening of the hairpin structure and triggers the hybridization chain reaction (HCR) with another two hairpin structures (H1 and H2). A large number of double-stranded nucleic acid structures can be obtained on the electrode surface. Finally, Ru(phen)₃²⁺ can be embedded into the double chain structure to generate the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) signal. The linear response of the H₂S biosensor ranged from 0.1000 to 1500 nM, and the limit of detection concentration of H₂S was 0.0398 nM. The developed biosensor was successfully used to determine H₂S in joint fluid. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers on Luminescent Sensing)

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9 pages, 1881 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Self-Assembled Inkjet Printer for Droplet Digital Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification

by Zhaoxuan Fan, Yucheng Sun and Jin-Ming Lin

Chemosensors 2022, 10(7), 247; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10070247 - 28 Jun 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2245

Abstract

Developing rapid and inexpensive diagnostic tools for molecular detection has been pushed forward by the advancements of technical aspects. However, attention has rarely been paid to the molecular detection methodology using inkjet printing technique. Herein, we developed an approach that employed a self-assembled inkjet printer as the enabling technology to realize droplet digital loop-mediated isothermal amplification in a low-cost and practical format. An inkjet printer is a self-assembled tool for the generation of discrete droplets in controllable volumes from a picoliter to a nanoliter. A microfluidic chip serves as a droplets reservoir to perform droplet digital LAMP assays. The inkjet printer approach successfully quantified the HPV16 from CaSki cells. This self-assembled and practical inkjet printer device may therefore become a promising tool for rapid molecular detection and can be extended to on-site analysis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers on Luminescent Sensing)

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13 pages, 3765 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Photoluminescence Sensing of Chloride Ions in Sea Sand Using Alcohol-Dispersed CsPbBr₃@SiO₂ Perovskite Nanocrystal Composites

by Henggan Li, Feiming Li, Yipeng Huang, Linchun Zhang, Min Ye, Jingwen Jin and Xi Chen

Chemosensors 2022, 10(5), 170; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10050170 - 02 May 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2411

Abstract

In this study, CsPbBr₃@SiO₂ perovskite nanocrystal composites (CsPbBr₃@SiO₂ PNCCs) were synthesized by a benzyl bromide nucleophilic substitution strategy. Homogeneous halide exchange between CsPbBr₃@SiO₂ PNCCs and Cl⁻ solution (aqueous phase) was applied to the determination of Cl⁻ in sea sand samples. Fast halide exchange with Cl⁻ in the aqueous phase without any magnetic stirring or pH regulation resulted in the blue shift of the photoluminescence (PL) wavelength and vivid PL color changes from green to blue. The results show that the PL sensing of Cl⁻ in aqueous samples could be implemented by using the halide exchange of CsPbBr₃@SiO₂ PNCCs. A linear relationship between the PL wavelength shift and the Cl⁻ concentration in the range of 0 to 3.0% was found, which was applied to the determination of Cl⁻ concentration in sea sand samples. This method greatly simplifies the detection process and provides a new idea for further broadening PL sensing using the CsPbBr₃ PNC halide. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers on Luminescent Sensing)

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13 pages, 3994 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Photonic Hydrogel Films Immobilized with Urease Used for the Detection of Hg²⁺

by Jie Liu, Wenjun Tai, Deliang Wang, Jie Su and Li Yu

Chemosensors 2022, 10(4), 140; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10040140 - 08 Apr 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2639

Abstract

Mercury ion is one of the most widespread heavy metal contaminants which can accumulate in the body through multiple channels, posing a detrimental impact on human health. We demonstrate a simple and low-cost method for the detection of Hg²⁺ assisted by a cholesteric liquid crystal photonic hydrogel (polyacrylic acid (PAA)) film with immobilized urease (CLC-PAA_urease film). In the absence of Hg²⁺, a significant change in color and an obvious red shift in the reflected light wavelength of the prepared film were observed, since urease can hydrolyze urea to produce NH₃, resulting in an increasing pH value of the microenvironment of CLC-PAA_urease film. Hg²⁺ can inhibit the activity of urease so that the color change of the film is not obvious, corresponding to a relatively small variation of the reflected light wavelength. Therefore, Hg²⁺ can be quantitatively detected by measuring the displacement of the reflected light wavelength of the film. The detection limit of Hg²⁺ is about 10 nM. This approach has a good application prospect in the monitoring of heavy metal ions in environmental water resources. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers on Luminescent Sensing)

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13 pages, 2699 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Label-Free Colorimetric Assay Based on Gold Nanoparticles for the Detection of H₂O₂ and Glucose

by Cong Zheng, Da Wu, Tao Wang, Jianhong Xiao and Li Yu

Chemosensors 2022, 10(3), 100; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10030100 - 05 Mar 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2746

Abstract

The significance of sensing hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) is due to its ubiquity, being a potential biomarker as well as an end-product of several oxidation reactions. Herein, based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and coupled with single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and ceria nanoparticles (CeO₂), we developed a novel colorimetric method to detect H₂O₂ and glucose in NaCl solutions. In the presence of H₂O₂, ssDNA adsorbed on the surface of CeO₂ could be released and subsequently decorated AuNPs, resulting in a distinct color change of the aqueous solution from purple to red, which could be observed by the naked eye. Since H₂O₂ can be produced in the process of glucose oxidation by glucose oxidase (GOx), this approach can also be employed to detect glucose. By employing this sensing system, the detection limits for H₂O₂ and glucose are about 0.21 μM and 3.01 µM, respectively. Additionally, monitoring the content of glucose in blood serum samples was successfully achieved by the proposed strategy. This work opens a potential avenue for the quantitative detection of H₂O₂ and glucose in clinical diagnostics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers on Luminescent Sensing)

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Review

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22 pages, 4267 KiB

Open AccessReview

Advancement and Perspectives of Sulfite-Based Chemiluminescence, Its Mechanism, and Sensing

by Syed Niaz Ali Shah, Eman Gul, Faisal Hayat, Ziaur Rehman and Mashooq Khan

Chemosensors 2023, 11(4), 212; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11040212 - 27 Mar 2023

Viewed by 1547

Abstract

This review sums up in detail the sulfite-based chemiluminescence (CL) systems and the impact of various enhancers such as metal ions and their complexes, solvents, nanomaterials (NMs), and carbon dots (CDs) on the CL system. Recent developments and strategies employed to enhance the sulfite-based CL systems are under lengthy discussion, especially in view of the emitting species and the reaction mechanism. The production of free radicals in the systems is thought to be critical for the improvement of the sulfite CL system due to their potential to degrade organic pollutants via advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). However, different chemicals can either favor or disfavor the formation of free radicals, ultimately having a positive or negative impact on CL response. Interestingly, these reagents can be easily differentiated by observing fluctuations in CL response with changes in concentration. We anticipate that an in-depth understanding of the mechanism of action of the sulfite CL system and the role of various enhancers on the efficiency of the system will be helpful in designing a highly selective and sensitive CL system for the detection of specific reagents. The development of improved sulfite CL systems, which use reagents that give a linear CL response with concentration, and their use in chemical, food and agricultural, forensic, pharmaceutical, clinical, agricultural, and environmental analysis is judiciously highlighted. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers on Luminescent Sensing)

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22 pages, 6339 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Advances of Hydrosol–Gel Transition-Based Sensors

by Haoyang Song, Shichao Ding, Mei Zhao and Qiongzheng Hu

Chemosensors 2022, 10(10), 415; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10100415 - 12 Oct 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1864

Abstract

Hydrogels, as a type of three-dimensional porous material, have attracted a lot of attention in the fields of drug delivery, artificial tissue engineering, and sensing. Due to their excellent biocompatibility and high sensitivity to external stimuli, they are widely used in the development of various sensors. Among them, the sensors constructed based on the sol–gel transition of target-responsive hydrogels are particularly welcome. Herein, the status of the sensors on the basis of sol–gel transition has been presented. The types of hydrogel sensors and the analytical methods in various application scenarios are illustrated. In addition, the future trends of the sensing systems based on sol–gel transition are briefly discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers on Luminescent Sensing)

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