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The Molecular Basis of Immunotherapy in Cancer Treatment

A special issue of Current Issues in Molecular Biology (ISSN 1467-3045). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2025 | Viewed by 1806

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
1. Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
2. Candiolo, C/o IRCCS, IIGM-Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Turin, Italy
3. Candiolo Cancer (IT), FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo Cancer Institute, Turin, Italy
Interests: cancer epigenetics; human genetics; stem cell; CRISPR/Cas9 system for gene knock-out and knock-in; cloning; TCGA data analysis; NGS data analysis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, bringing hope for better results in many tumors, while further research and refining are needed to meet its limits. Immunotherapy uses the immune system's sophisticated molecular systems to target and eradicate cancer cells. The efficacy of these treatments is based on a thorough understanding of the immune system's components, the molecular biology of immune cell function, cancer cell evasion methods, and their interconnections. Immunotherapy works through a variety of processes, including immune checkpoints and T cell activation, tumor antigens and antigen presentation, CAR-T cell therapy, monoclonal antibodies, immune evasion mechanisms, cytokines, and immunomodulation. These therapies alter biological processes to defeat cancer's evasion strategies and restore the immune system's ability to attack the disease effectively. In this Special Issue, we intend to collect research on the molecular basis of immunotherapy and its challenges. We welcome original research, reviews, and perspective articles describing in vivo, in vitro, and in silico studies. We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Hassan Dastsooz
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • immunotherapy
  • cancer
  • CAR-T cell therapy
  • monoclonal antibodies
  • immunomodulation
  • cytokines
  • immune evasion mechanisms

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

21 pages, 1881 KB  
Review
Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Checkpoint Inhibition in Clear Cell Ovarian Carcinoma: Bridging Tumor Biology and Clinical Application in Immunotherapy
by Fulvio Borella, Giulia Capella, Stefano Cosma, Niccolò Gallio, Federica Gavello, Alberto Revelli, Domenico Ferraioli, Jessica Cusato, Isabella Castellano, Paola Cassoni and Luca Bertero
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2025, 47(9), 726; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb47090726 - 5 Sep 2025
Viewed by 55
Abstract
Clear cell ovarian carcinoma is a rare and aggressive histologic subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer, characterized by a chemoresistant phenotype and distinct immunogenomic features. Despite early-phase trials showing a limited response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), emerging evidence reveals a biologically diverse tumor [...] Read more.
Clear cell ovarian carcinoma is a rare and aggressive histologic subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer, characterized by a chemoresistant phenotype and distinct immunogenomic features. Despite early-phase trials showing a limited response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), emerging evidence reveals a biologically diverse tumor immune microenvironment, with implications for the efficacy of immunotherapies. Preclinical studies highlight paradoxical associations between immune infiltration and prognosis, as well as genomic drivers—including KRAS, MYC, PI3KCA, TP53, PTEN, and ARID1A—that shape immune evasion and checkpoint ligand expression. Clinically, ICI monotherapy yields modest benefit, while combination regimens—particularly dual checkpoint blockade and targeted co-inhibition—offer improved outcomes. Biomarkers such as PD-L1 CPS ≥ 1%, ARID1A mutations, elevated tumor mutational burden, and PIK3CA alterations emerge as promising predictors of therapeutic response. This review integrates current preclinical and clinical data to propose a precision immunotherapy framework tailored to the immunogenomic landscape of clear cell ovarian carcinoma. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Molecular Basis of Immunotherapy in Cancer Treatment)
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19 pages, 1056 KB  
Review
Cytokine Therapy in Bladder Cancer: Mechanisms, Efficacy, and Future Prospects
by Hayden J. Oyler, Layne G. Bruton, Austin J. Maher, Darien A. Yu, Nicholas W. Shely, Mark R. Wakefield and Yujiang Fang
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2025, 47(4), 278; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb47040278 - 15 Apr 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1205
Abstract
Cytokine therapy is a rapidly evolving field in bladder cancer research, with treatments designed to enhance immune responses, improve targeting, and promote tumor cell recognition and elimination. This review explores pro-inflammatory cytokines, anti-inflammatory cytokines, engineered cytokines and fusion proteins, and combination therapies. Challenges [...] Read more.
Cytokine therapy is a rapidly evolving field in bladder cancer research, with treatments designed to enhance immune responses, improve targeting, and promote tumor cell recognition and elimination. This review explores pro-inflammatory cytokines, anti-inflammatory cytokines, engineered cytokines and fusion proteins, and combination therapies. Challenges include risks of toxicity, immune suppression, and the potential for promoting metastasis. Despite these obstacles, the potential successes of cytokine therapies highlight the importance of continued investigation into their use for developing safe, effective, and minimally invasive treatments for bladder cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Molecular Basis of Immunotherapy in Cancer Treatment)
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