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Coatings
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Surface and Interface Analysis of Cultural Heritage, 2nd Edition
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Surface and Interface Analysis of Cultural Heritage, 2nd Edition

A special issue of Coatings (ISSN 2079-6412). This special issue belongs to the section "Thin Films".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 November 2024 | Viewed by 3423

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Claudia Pelosi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Economics, Engineering, Society and Business Organization (DEIM), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
Interests: spectroscopy; materials for cultural heritage; wood coatings; conservation materials; innovative materials for cultural heritage; multispectral imaging for cultural heritage; coatings for stones
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We would like to invite you to submit your work to this Special Issue on "Surface and Interface Analysis of Cultural Heritage". Surface and interface analysis are fundamental in cultural heritage (CH) to understand the mechanisms that underlie alterations and consequently to find the most suitable treatment to avoid them. This last issue is particularly relevant in CH because surface treatments are commonly applied to different kinds of artifacts and materials to protect, restore, preserve, and recover aesthetic characteristics. Several commercials formulates are used for these aims, but their interactions with the original materials of artworks and their possible modifications over time have not often been investigated. This could have undesirable effects on surfaces, such as chemical alterations and color modifications, that clearly need to be avoided. So, it is fundamental in CH to know the surface and interface properties of the materials that constitute artworks both untreated and treated with different kinds of finishes.

The aim of this Special Issue is to present the latest developments in the field through a combination of research papers, communications, and review articles from leading groups around the world that work on the surface and interface properties of CH materials and artworks.

Case studies are also welcome. These should report on the monitoring of surface treatments in cultural heritage that have a prominent role in conservation, constituting valuable knowledge in the case of future interventions.

The Special Issue will serve as a forum for papers in the following topics:

  • Theoretical and experimental research, knowledge, and new ideas in CH surface and interface analysis to help us understand protective and preventive coating mechanisms.
  • Recent developments in multi-functional organic, inorganic, and hybrid coatings.
  • Experiments on coating performance with exposure to high temperatures, high stress, and other extreme environmental conditions.
  • Understanding the degradation mechanisms of coatings through different spectroscopic techniques combined with mechanical tests.
  • The latest advancements in test methods considering the interplay between mechanical and chemical interactions and the ability to predict performance and/or reliability.
  • Innovative non-invasive techniques to investigate surface and interface characteristics.
  • Computer modeling or simulations to predict coating properties, performance, durability, and reliability in service environments.

Dr. Claudia Pelosi
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Coatings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cultural heritage
  • conservation
  • surface treatments
  • protective coatings
  • non-invasive stratigraphic methods
  • spectroscopic techniques
  • computer modeling
  • test methods

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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21 pages, 23048 KiB  
Article
Analytical Study of Polychrome Clay Sculptures in the Five-Dragon Taoist Palace of Wudang, China
by Ling Shen, Yuhu Kang and Qiwu Li
Coatings 2024, 14(5), 540; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14050540 - 26 Apr 2024
Viewed by 368
Abstract
During the Ming Dynasty, the Five-Dragon Palace functioned as a royal Taoist temple set atop one of China’s holiest Taoist mountains, Wudang Mountain. Two tower polychrome sculptures with exquisite craftsmanship have remained over the centuries. In this study, the painting materials and the [...] Read more.
During the Ming Dynasty, the Five-Dragon Palace functioned as a royal Taoist temple set atop one of China’s holiest Taoist mountains, Wudang Mountain. Two tower polychrome sculptures with exquisite craftsmanship have remained over the centuries. In this study, the painting materials and the techniques used to construct these sculptures were analyzed through multiple characterization methods, including optical microscope (OM) observations, micro-Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM−EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), micro-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (μ−FTIR), and pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py−GC/MS). The results revealed that the pigments used in these sculptures included red pigments, which were composed of mercury (II) sulfide (cinnabar or vermillion), minium (Pb3O4), and hematite (Fe2O3); green pigments, which included atacamite and botallackite (Cu2Cl(OH)3), and blue pigments, which comprised smalt (CoO·nSiO2) and azurite (Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2). The white base layer was composed of quartz and mica minerals combined with gypsum or plant fiber, and the gold foil was adhered to the surface using heated tung oil. In addition, a special multi−layer technique was applied, with red under the golden gilding, white under the blue layer, and gray and black under the green layer. Drying oil was used as a binder for lead-containing pigments. This study offers substantial proof of reliable techniques to use in the continuing conservation of these sculptures, and it also serves as a foundation to determine if they can be dated to the late Ming or early Qing Dynasty (17th century). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface and Interface Analysis of Cultural Heritage, 2nd Edition)
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21 pages, 7162 KiB  
Article
The “Restoration of the Restoration”: Investigation of a Complex Surface and Interface Pattern in the Roman Wall Paintings of Volsinii Novi (Bolsena, Central Italy)
by Claudia Pelosi, Filomena Di Stasio, Luca Lanteri, Martina Zuena, Marta Sardara and Armida Sodo
Coatings 2024, 14(4), 408; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14040408 - 29 Mar 2024
Viewed by 564
Abstract
(1) Background: The present paper reports the results of the analyses performed on the wall paintings of Room E of the Domus delle Pitture (Room of the Paintings) in the Roman archaeological site of Volsinii Novi (Bolsena, Viterbo, Central Italy) aimed at supporting [...] Read more.
(1) Background: The present paper reports the results of the analyses performed on the wall paintings of Room E of the Domus delle Pitture (Room of the Paintings) in the Roman archaeological site of Volsinii Novi (Bolsena, Viterbo, Central Italy) aimed at supporting the recently concluded restoration. (2) Methods: ultraviolet fluorescence photography was conducted to evaluate the conservation state. Painting materials were investigated via portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (p-XRF), µ-Raman spectroscopy, cross-section analysis under polarizing microscope, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. (3) Results: This analysis revealed the presence of traditional pigments used in Roman wall paintings, such as ochres, earths, and Egyptian blue. Additionally, it identified pigments from previous restoration containing titanium and chromium, along with other materials present in the surface and interface of the wall painting containing arsenic, copper, lead, and vanadium, where a bluish alteration was observed. In these samples, µ-Raman spectroscopy detected calcium oxalates but also copper arsenates, likely conichalcite and/or duftite. (4) Conclusions: This result is highly relevant from an analytical point of view and in relation to the restoration decisions. Addressing the irregular bluish stains on the wall paintings poses challenges in understanding, requiring a decision on whether to remove or retain them. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface and Interface Analysis of Cultural Heritage, 2nd Edition)
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Other

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19 pages, 6928 KiB  
Essay
Multi-Method Analysis of Painting Materials in Murals of the North Mosque (Linqing, China)
by Shaohua Dong, Jiankai Xiang, Juan Ji, Yongjin Wang, Gang Zhang, Peng Fu, Jianwu Han and Li Li
Coatings 2023, 13(7), 1298; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13071298 - 24 Jul 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1383
Abstract
The murals of Ming Dynasty North Mosque in Linqing, Shandong Province, Eastern China, are of significant cultural and historical importance. Their final restoration date remains uncertain, making a comprehensive investigation critical before initiating preservation and renovation work. This research project examined the painting [...] Read more.
The murals of Ming Dynasty North Mosque in Linqing, Shandong Province, Eastern China, are of significant cultural and historical importance. Their final restoration date remains uncertain, making a comprehensive investigation critical before initiating preservation and renovation work. This research project examined the painting materials of the murals using various analytical techniques, including polarized light microscopy (PLM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy spectrometer (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), microscopic Raman spectroscopy (M-Raman), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) analysis. Results indicated that the pigments employed included ultramarine, emerald green, cinnabar, kaolinite, gypsum, and carbon black, while the gum binder used was protein-based adhesive materials. As synthetic ultramarine and emerald green were not introduced to China until the late Qing Dynasty, this suggests that these murals were restored no earlier than this period. The study also revealed that the mural materials used in the North Mosque mural were similar to those found in other architectural murals in China. Thus, the knowledge gained from the conservation and restoration efforts of similar architectural murals can be leveraged to enhance the conservation and restoration efforts of the North Mosque murals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface and Interface Analysis of Cultural Heritage, 2nd Edition)
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