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Application of Coatings on Implants Surfaces
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Application of Coatings on Implants Surfaces

A special issue of Coatings (ISSN 2079-6412). This special issue belongs to the section "Bioactive Coatings and Biointerfaces".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 April 2023) | Viewed by 16933

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Bin'en Nie

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
Interests: orthopedic implant surface modification; orthopedic implant-related infection diagnosis and treatment with nanoparticles; theranostics of orthopedic implant-related infection with mesoporous silica nanoparticles and core–shell nanoparticles
Dr. Xinhua Qu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
Interests: prevention, diagnosis and treatment of orthopedic implant related infection with biomaterials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We would like to invite you to submit to this Special Issue of “Application of Coatings on Implants Surfaces” with a special focus on biofunctionalizing implants with multiple biofunctions such as antibacterial properties, macrophage polarization, osteointegration, anti-inflammatory activities, vascularization, and immunomodulation.

Implants have been widely applied in the clinical field in the form of, e.g., orthopedic implants, heat valves, and vascular stents. However, the inert nature of implants makes them unsuitable for applications promoting cell growth, and various approaches have been employed in the fabrication of a biofunctional implant, including changes to surface coating or morphology, the use of covalent or control-release bioactive agents on the implant surface, and biofunctional coating.

The aim of this Special Issue is to present new techniques and mechanisms to biofunctionalized implant for multi-biofunctions. This Special Issue is dedicated to the up-to-date application of coatings on implant surfaces. Both experimental and theoretical studies are encouraged. The subtopics to be covered within the issue include but are not limited to:

  • Surface chemical modification of orthopedic, heart valve, or other implants;
  • Biofunctionalization of titanium or polyetheretherketone for anti-bacteria, osteogenesis, and reduction in macrophage inflammation;
  • New techniques for antibiotic release from bone cement;
  • Surface modification of implant for regulating immunity.

Dr. Bin'en Nie
Dr. Xinhua Qu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Coatings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • titanium
  • antibacterial
  • macrophage polarization
  • osteointegration
  • anti-inflammatory
  • vascularization
  • immunomodulation
  • polyetheretherketone
  • regulating immunity

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Published Papers (9 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

3 pages, 166 KiB  
Editorial
Special Issue: Multifunctional Coatings in Orthopedic Implants
by Qimin Hong and Bin’en Nie
Coatings 2022, 12(7), 967; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12070967 - 7 Jul 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1440
Abstract
As technology continues to advance, implants are widely used in orthopedic surgery, such as the fixation of fractures, artificial joints, the reconstruction of the spine and the correction of skeletal deformities [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Coatings on Implants Surfaces)

Research

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14 pages, 4370 KiB  
Article
Effect of Sucrose Concentration on Streptococcus mutans Adhesion to Dental Material Surfaces
by Anamarija Zore, Franc Rojko, Nives Matijaković Mlinarić, Jona Veber, Aleksander Učakar, Roman Štukelj, Andreja Pondelak, Andrijana Sever Škapin and Klemen Bohinc
Coatings 2024, 14(2), 165; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14020165 - 27 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1521
Abstract
Enamel demineralization, known as dental caries, is instigated by the bacterium Streptococcus mutans, which generates acid during carbohydrate metabolism. Among carbohydrates, sucrose is the most cariogenic and capable of biofilm formation. This study aimed to explore and comprehend Streptococcus mutans’ adherence to [...] Read more.
Enamel demineralization, known as dental caries, is instigated by the bacterium Streptococcus mutans, which generates acid during carbohydrate metabolism. Among carbohydrates, sucrose is the most cariogenic and capable of biofilm formation. This study aimed to explore and comprehend Streptococcus mutans’ adherence to two prevalent dental material surfaces, i.e., a cobalt–chromium (Co-Cr) alloy and a resin-based composite, under the influence of various sucrose concentrations. To understand bacterial adhesion, the surfaces were characterized using profilometry, tensiometry, and surface charge measurements. Bacterial adhesion was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy and crystal violet dye methods. Results revealed that the composite surface exhibited greater roughness compared with the Co-Cr alloy surface. Both surfaces displayed hydrophilic properties and a negative surface charge. Bacterial adhesion experiments indicated lower bacterial adherence to the Co-Cr alloy than to the composite surface before the addition of sucrose. However, the introduction of sucrose resulted in biofilm development on both surfaces, showcasing a similar increase in bacterial adhesion, with the highest levels being observed at a 5% sucrose concentration in the bacterial suspension. In conclusion, the findings suggest sucrose-rich foods could facilitate bacterial adaptation despite less favorable surface characteristics, thereby promoting biofilm formation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Coatings on Implants Surfaces)
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16 pages, 15638 KiB  
Article
Strontium-Doped Mesoporous Bioactive Glass-Loading Bisphosphonates Inhibit Osteoclast Differentiation and Prevent Osteoporosis in Ovariectomized Mice
by Zhi Zhou, Shicheng Huo and Zhanchun Li
Coatings 2024, 14(1), 97; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14010097 - 11 Jan 2024
Viewed by 972
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis, a metabolic bone disease associated with aging that affects bones throughout the body, is emerging as an urgent public health concern and imposes a substantial healthcare burden on society. The clinical application of bisphosphonate, the primary treatment for osteoporosis, is limited [...] Read more.
Postmenopausal osteoporosis, a metabolic bone disease associated with aging that affects bones throughout the body, is emerging as an urgent public health concern and imposes a substantial healthcare burden on society. The clinical application of bisphosphonate, the primary treatment for osteoporosis, is limited owing to the drug’s severe complications. Herein, we investigate the synthesis and utilization of strontium-doped mesoporous bioactive glass loaded with alendronate (ALN@Sr-MBG) as a novel therapeutic agent for osteoporosis, to explore its potential as an alternative to alendronate (ALN). Strontium-doped mesoporous bioactive glass (Sr-MBG) was synthesized using the sol–gel method, while ALN@Sr-MBG was obtained via incorporating Sr-MBG into an alendronate saturated solution. The bioactivities of ALN@Sr-MBG, including biotoxicity, inflammation inhibition, and anti-osteoclast differentiation, were investigated in vitro using CCK-8, flow cytometry, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, and RT-PCR assays. Animal models were established by surgically removing the ovaries from non-pregnant female C57/BL mice, followed by weekly intraperitoneal injections of ALN@Sr-MBG, ALN, or excipients. After 8 weeks, the mice femurs were extracted and analyzed through micro-CT scanning and hematoxylin-eosi, osteoblastic, and osteogenic staining. These in vitro findings demonstrate that ALN@Sr-MBG displays enhanced biological efficacy compared to ALN in terms of inflammation inhibition, osteogenesis promotion, and osteoclastogenesis inhibition. Furthermore, micro-CT analysis revealed that ALN@Sr-MBG significantly augments bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular number (Tb.N), and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), while reducing trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) and the structural model index (SMI) in mice with ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis. The osteoblast and osteogenic staining results indicate the enhanced bioactivities of ALN@Sr-MBG in promoting bone formation and inhibiting bone resorption compared to ALN. In vitro and in vivo assessments further confirmed that ALN@Sr-MBG exhibits superior anti-osteoporotic bioactivity compared to ALN. This study’s findings confirm the potential of ALN@Sr-MBG as a novel alternative therapy to ALN and a drug candidate for the treatment of osteoporosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Coatings on Implants Surfaces)
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13 pages, 2716 KiB  
Article
Relationship between Osteoblast Proliferation and the Surface Properties of Polymer-like Carbon Films Deposited at Different Ar/CH4 Mixed-Gas Ratios in the Radio-Frequency Plasma CVD Process
by Ali Alanazi, Kazuya Kanasugi, Hiroaki Eguchi, Yoshinobu Manome, Yasuharu Ohgoe and Kenji Hirakuri
Coatings 2023, 13(6), 983; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13060983 - 25 May 2023
Viewed by 1140
Abstract
In the deposition of polymer-like carbon (PLC) films on Si substrates via radio-frequency plasma CVD (RF-PCVD), the effect of the Ar/CH4 gas mixture ratio on the bio-interface of the PLC films remains unclear and the effectiveness of introducing Ar gas must be [...] Read more.
In the deposition of polymer-like carbon (PLC) films on Si substrates via radio-frequency plasma CVD (RF-PCVD), the effect of the Ar/CH4 gas mixture ratio on the bio-interface of the PLC films remains unclear and the effectiveness of introducing Ar gas must be proven. In this study, five types of PLC films are prepared on Si substrates via RF-PCVD with an Ar/CH4 gas mixture. The effects of the Ar/CH4 gas ratio on the structure, surface properties, and osteoblast proliferation of the PLC films are investigated. The PLC film structure is graphitized as the hydrogen content in the PLC film decreases with the increasing Ar gas ratio. Based on in vitro cell culture tests, a PLC film with a higher Ar gas ratio promotes the osteoblast proliferative potential after 72 h compared with a PLC film with a relatively low Ar gas ratio. Moreover, the surface roughness and hydrophilicity of the PLC film increase with the Ar gas ratio. Accordingly, we demonstrate the effectiveness of Ar gas incorporation into the RF-PCVD process to promote the biological responsiveness of PLC films. PLC coatings are expected to be widely applied for surface modification to improve the mechanical characteristics and biological responses of orthopedic implant devices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Coatings on Implants Surfaces)
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10 pages, 1748 KiB  
Article
Fast-Dissolving Protein Nanofibrous Membrane for Dual Drug Oral Delivery
by Shan Miao, Zheng Chen, Jin Wang, Shanbo Ma, Long Li, Yuhan Chen, Feiyan Wang, Meiling Zheng, Xiaodi Guo, Botao Song and Xiaopeng Shi
Coatings 2023, 13(1), 23; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13010023 - 23 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1991
Abstract
Oral instant membranes can be quickly wetted by the patient’s saliva and dissolved/disintegrated in the mouth without the need for drinking water and chewing, exhibiting great promise for patients from children to the elderly who have difficulties with swallowing. However, the reported instant [...] Read more.
Oral instant membranes can be quickly wetted by the patient’s saliva and dissolved/disintegrated in the mouth without the need for drinking water and chewing, exhibiting great promise for patients from children to the elderly who have difficulties with swallowing. However, the reported instant oral membranes can load and release only one single drug, which greatly hinders their potential applications. Herein, we employ a sequential electrospinning approach to fabricate dual drug-loaded bilayered gelatin oral instant membranes. The results indicate that a gelatin membrane with a uniform nanofibrous structure can be successfully prepared, and that both the hydrophilic model drug and hydrophobic model drug can be embedded into the gelatin nanofibers. X-ray diffraction results verify that the two drugs are well distributed in the nanofibrous matrix in an amorphous state. Owing to the excellent water solubility and large surface area of gelatin nanofibers, the hydrophilic model drug can be quickly dissolved in 101 s, while the hydrophobic model drug can be completely released in 100 s. The bilayered gelatin nanofibrous membrane shows promise for simultaneous loading and release of two drugs for fast-dissolving delivery applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Coatings on Implants Surfaces)
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Review

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18 pages, 5800 KiB  
Review
Surface Modification Techniques for Polyetheretherketone as Spinal Interbody Fusion Cage Material to Stimulate Biological Response: A Review
by Shu Liu, Junhao Sui, Kai Chen, Yun Ding, Xinyu Chang, Yijin Hou, Lin Zhang, Xiangyu Meng, Zihao Xu, Licai Miao, Shicheng Huo, Guangchao Wang and Zhicai Shi
Coatings 2023, 13(6), 977; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13060977 - 24 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1738
Abstract
Currently, spinal interbody cages are crucial for spinal fusion surgeries. Due to the mechanical and imaging characteristics of polyetheretherketone (PEEK), it is a widely used material for cages. However, the bioinert PEEK has poor osseointegration, thereby preventing the ideal fusion of PEEK cages. [...] Read more.
Currently, spinal interbody cages are crucial for spinal fusion surgeries. Due to the mechanical and imaging characteristics of polyetheretherketone (PEEK), it is a widely used material for cages. However, the bioinert PEEK has poor osseointegration, thereby preventing the ideal fusion of PEEK cages. Therefore, efforts have been made for improving biological activity using surface modification techniques, including physical as well as chemical modifications and surface coating. In this study, we reviewed and analyzed recent studies on PEEK surface modification techniques to enhance our understanding for future studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Coatings on Implants Surfaces)
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14 pages, 2064 KiB  
Review
Surface Biofunctionalization of Tissue Engineered for the Development of Biological Heart Valves: A Review
by Wenpeng Yu, Ying Jiang, Feng Lin, Jichun Liu and Jianliang Zhou
Coatings 2022, 12(9), 1322; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12091322 - 10 Sep 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2311
Abstract
Valve replacement is the mainstay of treatment for end-stage valvular heart disease, but varying degrees of defects exist in clinically applied valve implants. A mechanical heart valve requires long-term anti-coagulation, but the formation of blood clots is still inevitable. A biological heart valve [...] Read more.
Valve replacement is the mainstay of treatment for end-stage valvular heart disease, but varying degrees of defects exist in clinically applied valve implants. A mechanical heart valve requires long-term anti-coagulation, but the formation of blood clots is still inevitable. A biological heart valve eventually decays following calcification due to glutaraldehyde cross-linking toxicity and a lack of regenerative capacity. The goal of tissue-engineered heart valves is to replace normal heart valves and overcome the shortcomings of heart valve replacement commonly used in clinical practice. Surface biofunctionalization has been widely used in various fields of research to achieve functionalization and optimize mechanical properties. It has been applied to the study of tissue engineering in recent years. It is proposed to improve the shortcomings of the current commercial valve, but it still faces many challenges. This review aimed to summarize the modification strategies of biofunctionalization of biological heart valve surfaces based on tissue engineering to eliminate adverse reactions that occur clinically after implantation. Finally, we also proposed the current challenges and possible directions for future research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Coatings on Implants Surfaces)
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17 pages, 2208 KiB  
Review
Trend of Bioactive Molecules and Biomaterial Coating in Promoting Tendon—Bone Healing
by Zhiwei Fu and Chunxi Yang
Coatings 2022, 12(8), 1143; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12081143 - 8 Aug 2022
Viewed by 2278
Abstract
The tendon-bone junction (TBJ) is a graded structure consisting of tendons, nonmineralised, and mineralised fibrocartilage and bone. Given the complex gradient of the TBJ structure, TBJ healing is particularly challenging. Injuries to the TBJ such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears and rotator [...] Read more.
The tendon-bone junction (TBJ) is a graded structure consisting of tendons, nonmineralised, and mineralised fibrocartilage and bone. Given the complex gradient of the TBJ structure, TBJ healing is particularly challenging. Injuries to the TBJ such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears and rotator cuff injuries are common and serious sports injuries, affecting more than 250,000 patients annually in the United States, particularly people older than 50 years. ACL reconstruction and rotator cuff repair are the commonly performed TBJ repair surgeries. However, the re-tear rate is high post-operation. In recent years, studies on improving TBJ healing have focused on promoting tendon-bone integration at tendon sites. This process includes the use of periosteum, hydrogels, scaffolds, growth factors, stem cells or other reconstruction materials that promote bone growth or ligament attachment. In this study, we will highlight the utilisation of the unique properties of biomaterial coating in promoting tendon-bone healing and discuss recent advances in understanding their role in TBJ healing. Furthermore, we aim to provide a systematic and comprehensive review of approaches to promoting TBJ healing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Coatings on Implants Surfaces)
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18 pages, 2284 KiB  
Review
Surface Bio-Functionalization of Anti-Bacterial Titanium Implants: A Review
by Junhao Sui, Shu Liu, Mengchen Chen and Hao Zhang
Coatings 2022, 12(8), 1125; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12081125 - 5 Aug 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2355
Abstract
Titanium (Ti) and titanium alloy have been widely used in orthopedics. However, the successful application of titanium implants is mainly limited due to implant-associated infections. The implant surface contributes to osseointegration, but also has the risk of accelerating the growth of bacterial colonies, [...] Read more.
Titanium (Ti) and titanium alloy have been widely used in orthopedics. However, the successful application of titanium implants is mainly limited due to implant-associated infections. The implant surface contributes to osseointegration, but also has the risk of accelerating the growth of bacterial colonies, and the implant surfaces infected with bacteria easily form biofilms that are resistant to antibiotics. Biofilm-related implant infections are a disastrous complication of trauma orthopedic surgery and occur when an implant is colonized by bacteria. Surface bio-functionalization has been extensively studied to better realize the inhibition of bacterial proliferation to further optimize the mechanical functions of implants. Recently, the surface bio-functionalization of titanium implants has been presented to improve osseointegration. However, there are still numerous clinical and non-clinical challenges. In this review, these aspects were highlighted to develop surface bio-functionalization strategies for enhancing the clinical application of titanium implants to eliminate implant-associated infections. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Coatings on Implants Surfaces)
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