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A special issue of Current Oncology (ISSN 1718-7729). This special issue belongs to the section "Genitourinary Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2023) | Viewed by 11248

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Dr. Berardino De Bari

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Department of Radiation Oncology, Réseau Hospitalier Neuchâtelois, 2300 La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland
Interests: prostate cancer; genitourinary cancers; gastrointestinal cancers; radiomics; SBRT
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Letizia Deantonio

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1. Radiation Oncology Clinic, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
2. Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
Interests: prostate cancer; radiotherapy; head and neck cancer; gastrointestinal cancer
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Pierfrancesco Franco

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Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, 13100 Vercelli, Italy
Interests: breast cancer; gastrointestinal malignancies; head and neck cancer; quality of life; psycho-oncology; cancer education
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the last twenty years, prostate cancer (PCa) radiotherapy has undergone great improvements. Consequently, clinical outcomes of patients in terms of disease control and toxicity have improved. At the same time, some new aspects of the treatment of PCa with radiotherapy deserve further investigation. In this exciting context, we are pleased to invite you to submit your original contributions, studies, trial protocols and reviews dealing with innovative aspects of radiotherapy for PCa.

For this Special Issue, we welcome any manuscript focusing on new research with regard to basic, clinical, and psychosocial research on radiotherapy and PCa.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

Surveillance imaging and innovative diagnostic work up for PCa patients before and after RT;
Protocol studies;
Combination of radiotherapy with systemic treatments for PCa patients;
Moderate and extreme hypofractionation for PCa patients;
Multidisciplinary approach to PCa;
Radiomics and radiogenomics;
IGRT and adaptive radiotherapy for PCa patients;
Prognostic and predictive factors for PCa patients treated with RT;
Modern brachytherapy techniques;
Reirradiation in radio-recurrent PCa patients;
Oligometastatic disease;
Supportive therapy;
Quality of life and patient reported outcomes.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Berardino De Bari
Dr. Letizia Deantonio
Dr. Pierfrancesco Franco
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Current Oncology is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

prostate cancer
radiation oncology
nuclear medicine
radiology
oncology
toxicity

Published Papers (5 papers)

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13 pages, 2271 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Electromagnetic Transmitter-Based Prostate Gating for Dose-Escalated Linac-Based Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy: An Evaluation of Intrafraction Motion

by Berardino De Bari, Geoffroy Guibert, Sabrine Slimani, Yanes Bashar, Terence Risse, Nicole Guisolan, Juliane Trouillot, Jonathan Abel and Patrick Weber

Curr. Oncol. 2024, 31(2), 962-974; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31020072 - 9 Feb 2024

Viewed by 1298

Abstract

Background: Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) is as a standard treatment for prostate cancer (PCa). Tight margins and high dose gradients are needed, and the precise localization of the target is mandatory. Our retrospective study reports our experience regarding the evaluation of intrafraction prostate motion during LINAC-based SBRT evaluated with a novel electromagnetic (EM) tracking device. This device consists of an integrated Foley catheter with a transmitter connected to a receiver placed on the treatment table. Methods: We analyzed 31 patients who received LINAC-based SBRT using flattening filter-free (FFF) volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). The patients were scheduled to be treated for primary (n = 27) or an intraprostatic recurrent PCa (n = 4). A simulation CT scan was conducted while the patients had a filled bladder (100–150 cc) and an empty rectum, and an EM tracking device was used. The same rectal and bladder conditions were employed during the treatment. The patients received 36.25 Gy delivered over five consecutive fractions on the whole prostate and 40 Gy on the nodule(s) visible via MRI, both delivered with a Simultaneous Integrated Boost approach. The CTV-to-PTV margin was 2 mm for both the identified treatment volumes. Patient positioning was verified with XVI ConeBeam-CT (CBCT) matching before each fraction. When the signals exceeded a 2 mm threshold in any of the three spatial directions, the treatment was manually interrupted. A new XVI CBCT was performed if this offset lasted >20 s. Results: We analyzed data about 155 fractions. The median and mean treatment times, calculated per fraction, were 10 m31 s and 12 m44 s (range: 6 m36 s–65 m28 s), and 95% of the fractions were delivered with a maximum time of 27 m48 s. During treatment delivery, the mean and median number of XVI CBCT operations realized during the treatment were 2 and 1 (range: 0–11). During the treatment, the prostate was outside the CTV-to-PTV margin (2 mm), thus necessitating the stoppage of the delivery +/− a reacquisition of the XVI CBCT for 11.2%, 8.9%, and 3.9% of the delivery time in the vertical, longitudinal, and lateral direction, respectively. Conclusions: We easily integrated an EM-transmitter-based gating for prostate LINAC-based SBRT into our normal daily workflow. Using this system, a 2 mm CTV-to-PTV margin could be safely applied. A small number of fractions showed a motion exceeding the predefined 2 mm threshold, which would have otherwise gone undetected without intrafraction motion management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer)

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11 pages, 1038 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Salvage Whole-Pelvic Radiation and Long-Term Androgen-Deprivation Therapy in the Management of High-Risk Prostate Cancer: Long-Term Update of the McGill 0913 Study

by Sara Elakshar, Marwan Tolba, Steven Tisseverasinghe, Laurie Pruneau, Vanessa Di Lalla, Boris Bahoric and Tamim Niazi

Curr. Oncol. 2023, 30(8), 7252-7262; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30080526 - 1 Aug 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2029

Abstract

Purpose: To report the long-term outcomes of the McGill 0913 study and the potential benefits of combining prostate-bed radiotherapy (PBRT), pelvic-lymph-node radiotherapy (PLNRT), and long term ADT (LT-ADT). Materials and Methods: From 2010 to 2016, 46 high-risk prostate cancer patients who experienced biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy (RP) were enrolled in this single-arm phase II clinical trial. The patients were eligible if they had a Gleason score > 8, locally advanced disease (≥pT3), a preoperative PSA of >20 ng/mL, or positive lymph nodes (LN). The patients were treated with a combination of 24 months of ADT, PBRT, and PLNRT. The primary outcome was biochemical progression-free survival (bPFS) and the predefined secondary endpoints included distant-metastasis-free survival (DMFS), overall survival (OS), and toxicity. In this update, we also report the median follow-up of 8.8 years and 10 years OS. Results: At a median follow-up of 8.8 years, 43 patients were eligible for analysis. The median pre-salvage PSA was 0.30 μg/L. Half (51%) of the patients (n = 22) had positive margins, 40% (n = 17) had Gleason scores > 8, 63% (n = 27) had extracapsular extension, 42% (n = 18) had seminal vesicle invasion, and 19% (n = 8) had LN involvement. The 10-year bPFS was 68.3 %. The 10-year DMFS was 72.9%. The 10-year OS was 97%. There were two non-cancer-related deaths. The first patient died of congestive heart failure while the other died of an unknown cause. No new toxicity was observed after the initial report. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that treatment escalation with PBRT, PLNRT, and LT-ADT improves long term outcomes. In view of the recently published SPPORT study, we conclude that this novel approach of treatment intensification in high-risk post-prostatectomy patients is safe and effective, and that it should be offered as the standard of care. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer)

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9 pages, 645 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Seminal Vesicle Treatment for Localized Prostate Cancer Treated with External Beam Radiotherapy

by Tanner Steed, Nikki Chopra, Jihyun Yun, Jordan Hill, Benjamin Burke, Sunita Ghosh, Brad Warkentin and Nawaid Usmani

Curr. Oncol. 2023, 30(7), 6587-6595; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30070483 - 10 Jul 2023

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This study retrospectively reviewed data from men with localized prostate cancer treated with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT). We identified 359 men with localized prostate cancer treated with curative EBRT at the Cross Cancer Institute between 2010–2011. The volume of seminal vesicles (SVs) treated as well as dose values were extracted. These volumes were compared to gold standard contours drawn by a trained expert based on consensus European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO) contouring guidelines. Patient and tumor characteristics were extracted for these patients. Memorial Sloan Kettering prostate cancer nomogram was used to assign a predicted risk of SV involvement for each patient based on baseline tumor characteristics. In patients with a predicted risk of SV involvement greater than 15% (n = 184), 86.5% (SD = 18.6) of the base of the SVs were treated with EBRT, compared to 66.7% (SD = 32.6) for patients with a predicted risk of SV involvement less than 15% (n = 175, p < 0.0001). Similarly, the mean percentage of proximal and total SV volumes treated with EBRT was 75.6% (SD = 24.4) and 68.7% (SD = 26.0) for patients with a predicted risk of SV involvement of greater than 15%, compared to 50.3% (SD = 31.0, p < 0.0001) and 41.0% (SD = 27.8, p < 0.0001) for patients with a risk of less than 15%. The results indicate that all parts of the SVs are more likely to be contoured in men with >15% risk of SV involvement than those with <15% risk. However, radiation oncologists still contour a high percentage of SVs in men with <15% risk of SV involvement, suggesting that there may be over-treatment of SVs that increases the risk of rectal or bladder toxicity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer)

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14 pages, 1020 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Factors Associated with Long-Term Prostate Cancer Survival after Palliative Radiotherapy to a Bone Metastasis and Contemporary Palliative Systemic Therapy: A Retrospective, Population-Based Study

by Bindu Venugopal, Shaheer Shahhat, James Beck, Nikesh Hanumanthappa, Aldrich D. Ong, Arbind Dubey, Rashmi Koul, Bashir Bashir, Amitava Chowdhury, Gokulan Sivananthan and Julian Oliver Kim

Curr. Oncol. 2023, 30(6), 5560-5573; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30060420 - 9 Jun 2023

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Abstract

Background: Radiation therapy (RT) is an established palliative treatment for bone metastases; however, little is known about post-radiation survival and factors which impact it. The aim of this study was to assess a population-based sample of metastatic prostate cancer patients receiving palliative radiation therapy to bone metastases and contemporary palliative systemic therapy and identify factors that impact long-term survival. Materials/methods: This retrospective, population-based, cohort study assessed all prostate cancer patients receiving palliative RT for bone metastases at a Canadian provincial Cancer program during a contemporary time period. Baseline patient, disease, and treatment characteristics were extracted from the provincial medical physics databases and the electronic medical record. Post-RT Survival intervals were defined as the time interval from the first fraction of palliative RT to death from any cause or date of the last known follow-up. The median survival of the cohort was used to dichotomize the cohort into short- and long-term survivors following RT. Univariable and multivariable hazard regression analyses were performed to identify variables associated with post-RT survival. Results: From 1 January 2018 until 31 December 2019, 545 palliative RT courses for bone metastases were delivered to n = 274 metastatic prostate cancer patients with a median age of 76 yrs (Interquartile range (IQR) 39–83) and a median follow-up of 10.6 months (range 0.2 to 47.9). The median survival of the cohort was 10.6 months (IQR 3.5–25 months). The ECOG performance status of the whole cohort was ≤2 in n = 200 (73%) and 3–4 in n = 67 (24.5%). The most commonly treated sites of bone metastasis were the pelvis and lower extremities n = 130 (47.4%), skull and spine n = 114 (41.6%), and chest and upper extremities n = 30 (10.9%). Most patients had CHAARTED high volume disease n = 239 (87.2%). On multivariable hazard regression analysis, an ECOG performance status of 3–4 (p = 0.02), CHAARTED high volume disease burden (p = 0.023), and non-receipt of systemic therapy (p = 0.006) were significantly associated with worse post-RT survival. Conclusion: Amongst metastatic prostate cancer patients treated with palliative radiotherapy to bone metastases and modern palliative systemic therapies, ECOG performance status, CHAARTED metastatic disease burden, and type of first-line palliative systemic therapy were significantly associated with post-RT survival durations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer)

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10 pages, 3257 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Cyberknife Radiosurgery for Prostate Cancer after Abdominoperineal Resection (CYRANO): The Combined Computer Tomography and Electromagnetic Navigation Guided Transperineal Fiducial Markers Implantation Technique

by Andrea Vavassori, Giovanni Mauri, Giovanni Carlo Mazzola, Federico Mastroleo, Guido Bonomo, Stefano Durante, Dario Zerini, Giulia Marvaso, Giulia Corrao, Elettra Dorotea Ferrari, Elena Rondi, Sabrina Vigorito, Federica Cattani, Franco Orsi and Barbara Alicja Jereczek-Fossa

Curr. Oncol. 2023, 30(9), 7926-7935; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30090576 - 28 Aug 2023

Viewed by 1600

Abstract

In this technical development report, we present the strategic placement of fiducial markers within the prostate under the guidance of computed tomography (CT) and electromagnetic navigation (EMN) for the delivery of ultra-hypofractionated cyberknife (CK) therapy in a patient with localized prostate cancer (PCa) who had previously undergone chemo-radiotherapy for rectal cancer and subsequent abdominoperineal resection due to local recurrence. The patient was positioned in a prone position with a pillow under the pelvis to facilitate access, and an electromagnetic fiducial marker was placed on the patient’s skin to establish a stable position. CT scans were performed to plan the procedure, mark virtual points, and simulate the needle trajectory using the navigation system. Local anesthesia was administered, and a 21G needle was used to place the fiducial markers according to the navigation system information. A confirmatory CT scan was obtained to ensure proper positioning. The implantation procedure was safe, without any acute side effects such as pain, hematuria, dysuria, or hematospermia. Our report highlights the ability to use EMN systems to virtually navigate within a pre-acquired imaging dataset in the interventional room, allowing for non-conventional approaches and potentially revolutionizing fiducial marker positioning, offering new perspectives for PCa treatment in selected cases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer)

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