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Diagnostics
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Application of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Neurology
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Application of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Neurology

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Imaging and Theranostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2025) | Viewed by 3464

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Agnieszka Sabisz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
2nd Department of Radiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland
Interests: neuroimaging; magnetic resonance; imaging; medical image analysis; diagnostic radiology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has revolutionized the field of neurology, providing unprecedented insights into the complex structures and functions of the human brain. This Special Issue aims to delve into the latest advancements, challenges, and future prospects of this remarkable imaging modality.

From higher-field MRI scanners to advanced image-processing techniques, these advancements have enabled researchers to capture more detailed anatomical and functional information about the brain. The use of specialized imaging sequences, such as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and functional MRI (fMRI), has further enhanced the diagnostic capabilities of MRI in neurological diseases.

From diagnosing cerebrovascular diseases like stroke to assessing neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, MRI plays a crucial role in the detection, evaluation, and management of neurological conditions. The use of MRI-guided interventions, such as stereotactic biopsy and deep brain stimulation, has also expanded the therapeutic options for patients with neurological disorders.

This Special Issue aims to improve our knowledge of the application of magnetic resonance imaging in neurology. Original research articles, reviews, and other article types are welcome.

We look forward to your submissions.

Dr. Agnieszka Sabisz
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

  • neurology
  • brain imaging
  • neurological diseases
  • cerebrovascular diseases
  • neurodegenerative disorders
  • image processing
  • diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)
  • functional mri (FMRI)
  • mri-guided interventions

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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12 pages, 672 KiB  
Article
Role of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter on Mortality Prediction in Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit from the Emergency Department
by Kazım Ersin Altınsoy and Bahar Uslu Bayhan
Diagnostics 2025, 15(4), 490; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15040490 - 17 Feb 2025
Viewed by 423
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Cerebrovascular events (CVEs) are a leading cause of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions from the emergency department, often associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Identifying reliable, non-invasive predictors of mortality in these patients is critical for improving prognostic accuracy and [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Cerebrovascular events (CVEs) are a leading cause of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions from the emergency department, often associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Identifying reliable, non-invasive predictors of mortality in these patients is critical for improving prognostic accuracy and guiding therapeutic strategies. This retrospective cohort study evaluates the predictive value of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD), measured using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in determining mortality among ICU patients with CVEs. Methods: This single-center, retrospective observational study included 102 patients diagnosed with CVEs and admitted to the ICU at Gaziantep City Hospital between October 2023 and March 2024. This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethics approval was obtained from Gaziantep Islam Science and Technology University (Decision No. 394.36.08), and the requirement for informed consent was waived due to the retrospective design. The sample size was determined using G-Power 3.1.9.4. Results: A statistically significant positive correlation was observed between the ONSD and mortality (p = 0.002). Patients with higher ONSD values demonstrated an increased mortality risk, underscoring the potential prognostic value of ONSD measurements in this population. Conclusions: MRI-based ONSD measurement offers a non-invasive method for predicting mortality in ICU patients with CVEs. Its integration into routine diagnostic protocols could enhance clinical decision-making and patient outcomes. Further multicenter studies are warranted to validate these findings and standardize ONSD measurement techniques. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Neurology)
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12 pages, 9011 KiB  
Case Report
Ruptured Intracranial Dermoid Cyst with Fat Dissemination: A Clinical Case Mimicking an Epidermoid Cyst and Review of the Literature
by Kalvis Verzemnieks, Roberts Tumelkans, Sintija Strautmane, Verners Roberts Kalejs, Egils Valeinis, Julija Dolgopolova, Tatjana Tone and Arturs Balodis
Diagnostics 2025, 15(6), 712; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15060712 - 12 Mar 2025
Viewed by 355
Abstract
Background and Clinical Significance: Intracranial dermoid cysts (IDCs) are rare benign congenital intracranial lesions. In the case of IDC rupture, these lesions may manifest clinically. Cysts may be visualized on non-enhanced computed tomography (NECT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), facilitating discussions between clinicians [...] Read more.
Background and Clinical Significance: Intracranial dermoid cysts (IDCs) are rare benign congenital intracranial lesions. In the case of IDC rupture, these lesions may manifest clinically. Cysts may be visualized on non-enhanced computed tomography (NECT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), facilitating discussions between clinicians and radiologists to determine cyst content and potential dissemination in cases of rupture. This case report describes an IDC rupture presenting as fat-containing lesions in the subarachnoid space and ventricular system, resembling a subarachnoid hemorrhage on MRI. Case Presentation: A thirty-two-year-old Caucasian male patient was admitted to the hospital due to recurrent headaches and visual impairment that began at the age of thirty-one. MRI revealed a lesion radiologically consistent with a ruptured dermoid or epidermoid cyst in the anterior fossa with a mass effect on the optic nerve intracranial segments, the chiasma opticum, and proximal optic tracts. The patient underwent a successful neurosurgical resection of the lesion, and histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of a dermoid cyst. The postoperative period was uneventful. MRI follow-up revealed residual tissue of the IDC without any volume increase. Multiple punctate fat-containing lesions were noted, similar to previous MRIs. The patient reported no complaints at discharge. Follow-up MRI imaging demonstrated no recurrence or progression of the dermoid cyst at 4 months, 1 year, and 2 years. Conclusions: IDC rupture is a rare event that may present clinically and appear as a blooming artifact on MRI, mimicking subarachnoid hemorrhage. Fat-containing lesions in the subarachnoid space and ventricular system can demonstrate findings indicative of an IDC rupture. MRI diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and decreased apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values may mimic an epidermoid cyst, a phenomenon rarely described in the literature, further complicating the diagnostic process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Neurology)
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9 pages, 4296 KiB  
Brief Report
Neuroimaging Correlates of Post-COVID-19 Symptoms: A Functional MRI Approach
by Marine M. Tanashyan, Polina I. Kuznetsova, Sofya N. Morozova, Vladislav A. Annushkin and Anton A. Raskurazhev
Diagnostics 2024, 14(19), 2180; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14192180 - 29 Sep 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2266
Abstract
Backgrounds and Purpose: Post-COVID syndrome is characterized by persistent symptoms, including fatigue and cognitive impairment. These symptoms may be experienced by up to 80% of patients. We aimed to identify possible patterns of brain activation underlying post-COVID fatigue. Methods: The study used functional [...] Read more.
Backgrounds and Purpose: Post-COVID syndrome is characterized by persistent symptoms, including fatigue and cognitive impairment. These symptoms may be experienced by up to 80% of patients. We aimed to identify possible patterns of brain activation underlying post-COVID fatigue. Methods: The study used functional MRI (Siemens MAGNETOM Prisma 3T scanner with a specially created protocol) of the brain in 30 patients with post-COVID fatigue syndrome and 20 healthy volunteers. Task functional MRI (fMRI) was performed using a cognitive paradigm (modified Stroop test). Eligible patients included adults aged 18–50 years with a >12 weeks before enrolment (less than 12 months) prior history of documented COVID-19 with symptoms of fatigue not attributable to any other cause, and with MFI-20 score > 30 and MoCA at first visit. Healthy control participants had no prior history of COVID-19 and negative tests for severe acute coronavirus respiratory syndrome with MFI-20 score < 30 and MoCA at first visit. Task fMRI data were processed using the SPM12 software package based on MATLAB R2022a. Results: Cognitive task fMRI analysis showed significantly higher activation in the post-COVID group versus healthy volunteers’ group. Between-group analysis showed significant activation differences. Using a threshold of T > 3 we identified eight clusters of statistically significant activation: supramarginal gyri, posterior cingulate cortex, opercular parts of precentral gyri and cerebellum posterior lobe bilaterally. Conclusions: Post-COVID fatigue syndrome associated with subjective cognitive impairment could show changes in brain functional activity in the areas connected with information processing speed and quality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Neurology)
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