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Diagnostics
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Advancements in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Gastrointestinal Diseases
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Advancements in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Gastrointestinal Diseases

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2024 | Viewed by 2131

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Giammarco Mocci

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Gastroenterology, “Brotzu” Hospital, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
Interests: inflammatory bowel disease; ulcerative colitis; gastrointestinal disease

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Exponential advances in the diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal diseases have been made in recent times. Researchers and scientists across the globe have helped in improving the diagnostics of various gastrointestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, acute and chronic pancreatitis, and gastrointestinal malignancies.

This Special Issue, titled "Advancements in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Gastrointestinal Diseases", aims to provide a comprehensive platform for researchers, gastroenterologists, and healthcare professionals to explore the latest developments and research findings in the field of gastrointestinal disease diagnosis and prognosis. Gastrointestinal diseases encompass a broad range of conditions affecting the digestive system, including the esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, and pancreas.

We invite original work and reviews that report developments in the improving the diagnosis and prognostication of gastrointestinal diseases.

Dr. Giammarco Mocci
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • inflammatory bowel disease
  • gastrointestinal tuberculosis
  • acute pancreatitis
  • chronic pancreatitis
  • celiac disease
  • biliary disease
  • gall bladder diseases
  • pancreatic cancer
  • colon cancer
  • diverticulitis
  • gastrointestinal infections
  • esophageal cancer
  • barrett esophagus

Published Papers (4 papers)

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9 pages, 245 KiB  
Article
Clinical Pathological and Immunohistochemical Correlations in Gastric Cancer
by Mihaela Andronic, Dragoș-Viorel Scripcariu, Mădălina Maria Palaghia, Ana-Maria Trofin, Valentin Bejan and Viorel Scripcariu
Diagnostics 2024, 14(13), 1367; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14131367 - 27 Jun 2024
Viewed by 383
Abstract
Due to its high aggressiveness and polyclonal tumor state, stomach cancer is considered a severe health problem. In this study, we analyzed Her2 and Ki67 in correlation with patient data for the possibility of prognostic factors. The study included 48 cases of gastric [...] Read more.
Due to its high aggressiveness and polyclonal tumor state, stomach cancer is considered a severe health problem. In this study, we analyzed Her2 and Ki67 in correlation with patient data for the possibility of prognostic factors. The study included 48 cases of gastric tumors that had been surgically treated in a period of five years. The percentage was statistically significant for intestinal-type adenocarcinomas located in the medio-gastric region (p = 0.05); in the diffuse subtype, there were no Her2 positive samples, and in the mixed subtype only one out of three samples was Her2 positive. Our results confirm the existing data, and we can conclude that this link can be considered a prognostic factor in the progression and treatment effectiveness. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Gastrointestinal Diseases)
13 pages, 1906 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Spectrum-Aided Visual Enhancer (SAVE) in Esophageal Cancer Detection Using YOLO Frameworks
by Chu-Kuang Chou, Riya Karmakar, Yu-Ming Tsao, Lim Wei Jie, Arvind Mukundan, Chien-Wei Huang, Tsung-Hsien Chen, Chau-Yuan Ko and Hsiang-Chen Wang
Diagnostics 2024, 14(11), 1129; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14111129 - 29 May 2024
Viewed by 528
Abstract
The early detection of esophageal cancer presents a substantial difficulty, which contributes to its status as a primary cause of cancer-related fatalities. This study used You Only Look Once (YOLO) frameworks, specifically YOLOv5 and YOLOv8, to predict and detect early-stage EC by using [...] Read more.
The early detection of esophageal cancer presents a substantial difficulty, which contributes to its status as a primary cause of cancer-related fatalities. This study used You Only Look Once (YOLO) frameworks, specifically YOLOv5 and YOLOv8, to predict and detect early-stage EC by using a dataset sourced from the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi Christian Hospital. The dataset comprised 2741 white-light images (WLI) and 2741 hyperspectral narrowband images (HSI-NBI). They were divided into 60% training, 20% validation, and 20% test sets to facilitate robust detection. The images were produced using a conversion method called the spectrum-aided vision enhancer (SAVE). This algorithm can transform a WLI into an NBI without requiring a spectrometer or spectral head. The main goal was to identify dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The model’s performance was evaluated using five essential metrics: precision, recall, F1-score, mAP, and the confusion matrix. The experimental results demonstrated that the HSI model exhibited improved learning capabilities for SCC characteristics compared with the original RGB images. Within the YOLO framework, YOLOv5 outperformed YOLOv8, indicating that YOLOv5’s design possessed superior feature-learning skills. The YOLOv5 model, when used in conjunction with HSI-NBI, demonstrated the best performance. It achieved a precision rate of 85.1% (CI95: 83.2–87.0%, p < 0.01) in diagnosing SCC and an F1-score of 52.5% (CI95: 50.1–54.9%, p < 0.01) in detecting dysplasia. The results of these figures were much better than those of YOLOv8. YOLOv8 achieved a precision rate of 81.7% (CI95: 79.6–83.8%, p < 0.01) and an F1-score of 49.4% (CI95: 47.0–51.8%, p < 0.05). The YOLOv5 model with HSI demonstrated greater performance than other models in multiple scenarios. This difference was statistically significant, suggesting that the YOLOv5 model with HSI significantly improved detection capabilities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Gastrointestinal Diseases)
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14 pages, 608 KiB  
Article
Hypertriglyceridemia-Induced Acute Pancreatitis—The Milky Way Constellation—The Seven-Year Experience of a Large Tertiary Centre
by Andrei Vicențiu Edu, Mihai Radu Pahomeanu, Andreea Irina Ghiță, Dalia Ioana Constantinescu, Daniela Gabriela Grigore, Andreea Daniela Bota, Daniela Maria Luta-Dumitrașcu, Cristian George Țieranu and Lucian Negreanu
Diagnostics 2024, 14(11), 1105; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14111105 - 26 May 2024
Viewed by 558
Abstract
(1) Background: Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is a well-known metabolic condition associated with an increased risk of acute pancreatitis. In this study, we tried to establish whether there are any significant disparities concerning recurrence rate, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, hospital (ICU and total) length [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is a well-known metabolic condition associated with an increased risk of acute pancreatitis. In this study, we tried to establish whether there are any significant disparities concerning recurrence rate, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, hospital (ICU and total) length of stay (LoS), morphology, severity and age between HTG-induced acute pancreatitis and any other known cause of pancreatitis (OAP). (2) Methods: The research was a retrospective unicentric cohort study, using information from the Bucharest Acute Pancreatitis Index (BUC-API) registry, a database of 1855 consecutive cases of acute pancreatitis. (3) Results: We found a weak association between HTG-AP and recurrence. The HTG-AP patients were younger, with a median of 44.5 years, and had a longer ICU stay than the OAP patients. In addition, we identified that the HTG-AP patients were more likely to develop acute peripancreatic fluid collection (APFC), to be admitted in ICU, to have a more severe course of disease and to be cared for in a gastroenterology ward. (4) Conclusions: Hypertriglyceridemia-induced APs have a more severe course. The typical patient with HTG-AP is a middle-aged male, with previous episodes of AP, admitted in the gastroenterology ward, with a longer ICU stay and longer length of hospitalization, more likely to evolve in a severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and with a higher probability of developing APFC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Gastrointestinal Diseases)
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7 pages, 2450 KiB  
Case Report
The Multifaceted Complexity of Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Periodic Syndrome (TRAPS): A Case Report Highlighting Atypical Gastrointestinal Manifestations
by Massimiliano Mancini, Giovanni Di Nardo, Emanuele Casciani, Maria Letizia Feudi, Lavinia Bargiacchi, Angelica Petraroli, Francesca Della Casa, Arianna Di Napoli and Andrea Vecchione
Diagnostics 2024, 14(13), 1337; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14131337 - 24 Jun 2024
Viewed by 401
Abstract
Background. Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Periodic Syndrome (TRAPS) is an autosomal dominant autoinflammatory disorder stemming from mutations in the TNFRSF1A gene affecting the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-1. These mutations lead to dysregulated inflammatory responses, primarily mediated by augmented interleukin (IL)-1β release. Case [...] Read more.
Background. Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Periodic Syndrome (TRAPS) is an autosomal dominant autoinflammatory disorder stemming from mutations in the TNFRSF1A gene affecting the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-1. These mutations lead to dysregulated inflammatory responses, primarily mediated by augmented interleukin (IL)-1β release. Case Presentation. We present the case of a 29-year-old woman with a history of recurrent febrile episodes, abdominal pain, and joint manifestations, eventually diagnosed with TRAPS following genetic testing revealing a heterozygous R92Q mutation in TNFRSF1A. Further genetic examinations unveiled additional clinically significant mutations, complicating the clinical picture. Our patient exhibited delayed colonic transit time and right colonic amyloidosis, a rare complication. Surgical intervention was required for overwhelming intestinal obstruction, revealing mucosal atrophy and dense lymphocytic infiltrates on histological examination. Discussion. Gastrointestinal involvement in TRAPS is common but can present diagnostic challenges. Following colon resection, histological examination revealed amyloid deposition, underscoring the importance of a comprehensive evaluation of these patients. Isolated colic amyloidosis has significant diagnostic and prognostic implications, warranting cautious monitoring and tailored management strategies. Treatment of TRAPS typically involves anti-inflammatory agents such as IL-1 inhibitors, with our patient experiencing clinical improvement on anakinra and canakinumab. Conclusion. This case report emphasizes the diverse manifestations of TRAPS and the importance of recognizing gastrointestinal complications, particularly isolated colic amyloidosis. Comprehensive evaluation, including histological examination, is crucial for identifying atypical disease presentations and guiding management decisions. Continued research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and optimize treatment strategies for TRAPS and its associated complications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Gastrointestinal Diseases)
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