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Diagnostics
Special Issues
Lung Imaging: Highlights of Recent Research and Clinical Applications
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Lung Imaging: Highlights of Recent Research and Clinical Applications

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Imaging and Theranostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2025) | Viewed by 1045

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Stefano Palmucci

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, Radiology I Unit, University Hospital “Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele”, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
Interests: chest imaging; HRCT; interstitial lung diseases; quantitative HRCT; functional MRI of the abdomen; liver and pancreatic diseases on imaging
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue, "Lung Imaging: Highlights of Recent Research and Clinical Applications", showcases cutting-edge advancements and innovative applications in the field of lung imaging. It encompasses a wide array of manuscripts, ranging from groundbreaking research on novel imaging techniques and algorithms to in-depth clinical studies exploring the diagnostic and therapeutic implications of these technologies. This Special Issue delves into areas such as CT, MRI, PET, and ultrasound imaging of the lungs, highlighting their roles in early disease detection, staging, treatment monitoring, and outcome prediction. It serves as a pivotal platform for experts and practitioners to exchange knowledge, fostering advancements in lung health care.

Dr. Stefano Palmucci
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • diagnosis
  • prognosis
  • lung imaging
  • markers
  • clinical practice and patient care

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 20778 KB  
Article
Pulmonary Fungal Infections in a Tertiary Cancer Center: A Morphological Correlation of 160 Cases with CT and PET Imaging
by Sebastian Lyos, Mylene T. Truong and Cesar A. Moran
Diagnostics 2025, 15(17), 2238; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15172238 - 3 Sep 2025
Viewed by 763
Abstract
Background: Pulmonary fungal infections can mimic malignancies, especially in patients with a prior cancer diagnosis. This study presents 160 patients who were suspected to have malignancies but were diagnosed with fungal infections. Methods: Clinical, radiological, and histopathological features were recorded for all 160 [...] Read more.
Background: Pulmonary fungal infections can mimic malignancies, especially in patients with a prior cancer diagnosis. This study presents 160 patients who were suspected to have malignancies but were diagnosed with fungal infections. Methods: Clinical, radiological, and histopathological features were recorded for all 160 patients. The patients included 61 women and 99 men, aged between 23 and 78 years (median age: 61 years). Diagnostic imaging identified either single or multiple pulmonary nodules. Tissue diagnosis was obtained in all cases, identifying various etiological agents, with Histoplasma, Cryptococcus, and Aspergillus being the top three infections. Results: Out of the 160 patients, 61 (38.1%) had a prior history of malignancy, and 29 (18.1%) had ongoing evidence of malignancy. Ninety-nine patients had no history of prior malignancy but presented with abnormal diagnostic imaging findings. The presence of single or multiple lesions in the lung, especially in patients with a history of malignancy, posed a diagnostic challenge, often raising the possibility of metastatic disease or primary lung malignancy. Conclusions: Patients with single or multiple pulmonary nodules, particularly those with a history of malignancy, should undergo tissue diagnosis to accurately define the process. This comprehensive assessment is crucial to determine whether the nodules are due to an infectious process or malignancy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lung Imaging: Highlights of Recent Research and Clinical Applications)
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Review

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26 pages, 1002 KB  
Review
The Role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in Monitoring Immunotherapy Response in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Current Evidence and Challenges: A Narrative Review
by Roxana Mladin, Cristian Oancea, Emil Robert Stoicescu, Agneta Maria Pusztai, Amalia Constantinescu, Emanuel Poplicean and Diana Manolescu
Diagnostics 2025, 15(21), 2754; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15212754 (registering DOI) - 30 Oct 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed treatment paradigms, but assessing response remains challenging due to atypical patterns such as pseudoprogression, hyperprogression and dissociated response. Conventional evaluation criteria, such as [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed treatment paradigms, but assessing response remains challenging due to atypical patterns such as pseudoprogression, hyperprogression and dissociated response. Conventional evaluation criteria, such as RECIST 1.1, may not fully capture these patterns, leading to potential misclassification and premature therapy discontinuation. This review explores the role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in assessing immunotherapy response and highlights novel imaging criteria to enhance clinical decision-making. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library, selecting relevant studies published between 2013 and 2024. The review focuses on the strengths and limitations of PET-based imaging in monitoring NSCLC immunotherapy outcomes. Specific attention was given to evolving evaluation frameworks, including iRECIST, PERCIST, imPERCIST, and iPERCIST, as well as metabolic biomarkers such as metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG). Results: Compared with anatomical-based assessment, metabolic imaging using 18F-FDG PET/CT may offer deeper insights into tumor behavior during immunotherapy. PET-derived parameters seem to improve the detection of immune-related response patterns, providing a more refined approach to differentiate true progression from pseudoprogression. Emerging evidence indicates that metabolic biomarkers such as metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) could serve as useful predictors of therapeutic efficacy and support treatment adaptation. Nevertheless, current findings are mainly based on small, heterogeneous, and predominantly retrospective studies, with variable PET timing and threshold definitions that limit the generalizability of these results. Conclusion: 18F-FDG PET/CT represents a promising complementary tool for assessing immunotherapy response in NSCLC. Its integration with advanced imaging criteria and metabolic tumor biomarkers may enhance response evaluation and assist clinical decision-making. Nonetheless, the current evidence remains preliminary, and further standardization and large prospective validation studies are required before its routine implementation in clinical practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lung Imaging: Highlights of Recent Research and Clinical Applications)
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