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Diagnostics
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Capsule Endoscopy: Clinical Impacts and Innovation since 2001-Issue B
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Capsule Endoscopy: Clinical Impacts and Innovation since 2001-Issue B

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Imaging and Theranostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2023) | Viewed by 21542

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Yun Jeong Lim

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
Interests: artificial intelligence; capsule endoscopy; deep learning; lesion detection
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Since its introduction in 2001, capsule endoscopy (CE) has shown great progress over the past 19 years and has now established itself as the first-line diagnostic modality for the evaluation of the small intestine. It is also minimally invasive and does not require sedation; moreover, clinical applications have expanded to the large intestine and stomach. In recent years, innovative advances in CE have been made in terms of external locomotion using magnetic force, artificial intelligence-based automated interpretation, and image-enhancing technologies. The ultimate goal of these technological efforts is to improve the diagnostic yield of CE. This forthcoming Special Issue focuses on several key elements that are essential for an understanding of CE, recent advances, and their clinical impact. Invited topics may include:

  1. Diagnostic yields and clinical impacts of capsule endoscopy (CE);
  2. CE and AI (artificial intelligence);
  3. Active locomotion of CE;
  4. Image enhancement of CE;
  5. Quality control for CE;
  6. Colon and gastric CE.

Dr. Yun Jeong Lim
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • capsule endoscopy
  • diagnostic yield
  • clinical impact
  • artificial intelligence
  • locomotion
  • magnetic
  • image interpretation
  • quality control
  • deep learning

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 2187 KiB  
Article
Automatic Classification of GI Organs in Wireless Capsule Endoscopy Using a No-Code Platform-Based Deep Learning Model
by Joowon Chung, Dong Jun Oh, Junseok Park, Su Hwan Kim and Yun Jeong Lim
Diagnostics 2023, 13(8), 1389; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13081389 - 11 Apr 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2576
Abstract
The first step in reading a capsule endoscopy (CE) is determining the gastrointestinal (GI) organ. Because CE produces too many inappropriate and repetitive images, automatic organ classification cannot be directly applied to CE videos. In this study, we developed a deep learning algorithm [...] Read more.
The first step in reading a capsule endoscopy (CE) is determining the gastrointestinal (GI) organ. Because CE produces too many inappropriate and repetitive images, automatic organ classification cannot be directly applied to CE videos. In this study, we developed a deep learning algorithm to classify GI organs (the esophagus, stomach, small bowel, and colon) using a no-code platform, applied it to CE videos, and proposed a novel method to visualize the transitional area of each GI organ. We used training data (37,307 images from 24 CE videos) and test data (39,781 images from 30 CE videos) for model development. This model was validated using 100 CE videos that included “normal”, “blood”, “inflamed”, “vascular”, and “polypoid” lesions. Our model achieved an overall accuracy of 0.98, precision of 0.89, recall of 0.97, and F1 score of 0.92. When we validated this model relative to the 100 CE videos, it produced average accuracies for the esophagus, stomach, small bowel, and colon of 0.98, 0.96, 0.87, and 0.87, respectively. Increasing the AI score’s cut-off improved most performance metrics in each organ (p < 0.05). To locate a transitional area, we visualized the predicted results over time, and setting the cut-off of the AI score to 99.9% resulted in a better intuitive presentation than the baseline. In conclusion, the GI organ classification AI model demonstrated high accuracy on CE videos. The transitional area could be more easily located by adjusting the cut-off of the AI score and visualization of its result over time. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Capsule Endoscopy: Clinical Impacts and Innovation since 2001-Issue B)
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9 pages, 758 KiB  
Article
Clinical Benefits and Challenges in Application of Novel Portable Gastric Capsule Endoscopy for Home Healthcare Patients
by Yang-Chao Lin, Ching-Lin Chen, Yi-Wei Kao, Ching-Yao Tsai, Mingchih Chen and Chih-Kuang Liu
Diagnostics 2022, 12(7), 1755; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12071755 - 20 Jul 2022
Viewed by 3797
Abstract
Portable magnetic-assisted capsule endoscopy (MACE) provides satisfactory patient experience and safety with comparable performance in diagnosis of organic lesions when compared to conventional upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. In this study, a total of 58 homecare patients were included for MACE either in the hospital [...] Read more.
Portable magnetic-assisted capsule endoscopy (MACE) provides satisfactory patient experience and safety with comparable performance in diagnosis of organic lesions when compared to conventional upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. In this study, a total of 58 homecare patients were included for MACE either in the hospital (n = 42) or at home (n = 16), with mean age of 71.1 ± 12.4 years. A total of 55 patients (94.83%) had completed the MACE with diagnosis of reflux esophagitis (43.6%), gastritis (54.5%), erosions (21.8%), fundic polyps (14.5%), peptic ulcers (25.9%), etc. Most patients (n = 47, 85.5%) were satisfied with the experience, and all patients who received MACE at home (n = 15, 100%) appreciated the convenience of endoscopy at home. Less than half of the patients (n = 24, 43.6%) could afford MACE if the expense was not covered by health insurance (USD 714). Time consumption from both traffic and capsule manipulation was also challenging for the physicians, as it took an average of 24.7 min to complete MACE, but it added up to a total of 92.7 min at home, which is about 15 times that of conventional endoscopy in hospital. More efforts are needed to ease the financial burden of patients, and optimization of workflow in community practice may help lift the obstacles revealed in this study. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Capsule Endoscopy: Clinical Impacts and Innovation since 2001-Issue B)
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10 pages, 2040 KiB  
Communication
Tracking the Traveled Distance of Capsule Endoscopes along a Gastrointestinal-Tract Model Using Differential Static Magnetic Localization
by Samuel Zeising, Lu Chen, Angelika Thalmayer, Maximilian Lübke, Georg Fischer and Jens Kirchner
Diagnostics 2022, 12(6), 1333; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12061333 - 27 May 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2466
Abstract
The traveled distance and orientation of capsule endoscopes for each video frame are not available in commercial systems, but they would be highly relevant for physicians. Furthermore, scientific approaches lack precisely tracking the capsules along curved trajectories within the typical gastrointestinal tract. Recently, [...] Read more.
The traveled distance and orientation of capsule endoscopes for each video frame are not available in commercial systems, but they would be highly relevant for physicians. Furthermore, scientific approaches lack precisely tracking the capsules along curved trajectories within the typical gastrointestinal tract. Recently, we showed that the differential static magnetic localisation method is suitable for the precise absolute localisation of permanent magnets assumed to be integrated into capsule endoscopes. Thus, in the present study, the differential method was employed to track permanent magnets in terms of traveled distance and orientation along a length trajectory of 487.5 mm, representing a model of the winding gastrointestinal tract. Permanent magnets with a diameter of 10 mm and different lengths were used to find a lower boundary for magnet size. Results reveal that the mean relative distance and orientation errors did not exceed 4.3 ± 3.3%, and 2 ± 0.6∘, respectively, when the magnet length was at least 5 mm. Thus, a 5 mm long magnet would be a good compromise between achievable tracking accuracy and magnet volume, which are essential for integration into small commercial capsules. Overall, the proposed tracking accuracy was better than that of the state of the art within a region covering the typical gastrointestinal-tract size. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Capsule Endoscopy: Clinical Impacts and Innovation since 2001-Issue B)
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Review

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17 pages, 10563 KiB  
Review
Colon Capsule Endoscopy in the Diagnosis of Colon Polyps: Who Needs a Colonoscopy?
by Apostolos Koffas, Apostolis Papaefthymiou, Faidon-Marios Laskaratos, Andreas Kapsoritakis and Owen Epstein
Diagnostics 2022, 12(9), 2093; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12092093 - 29 Aug 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 5842
Abstract
Colon screening programs have reduced colon cancer mortality. Population screening should be minimally invasive, safe, acceptably sensitive, cost-effective, and scalable. The range of screening modalities include guaiac or immunochemical fecal occult blood testing and CT colonography and colonoscopy. A number of carefully controlled [...] Read more.
Colon screening programs have reduced colon cancer mortality. Population screening should be minimally invasive, safe, acceptably sensitive, cost-effective, and scalable. The range of screening modalities include guaiac or immunochemical fecal occult blood testing and CT colonography and colonoscopy. A number of carefully controlled studies concur that second-generation capsule endoscopy has excellent sensitivity for polyp detection and a high negative predictive value. Colon capsules fulfill the screening expectation of safety, high sensitivity for polyp detection, and patient acceptance, and appear to straddle the divide between occult blood testing and colonoscopy. While meeting these criteria, there remains the challenges of scaling, capsule practitioner training, resource allocation, and implementing change of practice. Like CT colonography, capsule screening presents the clinician with a decision on the threshold for colonoscopy referral. Overall, colon capsules are an invaluable tool in polyp detection and colon screening and offer a filter that determines “who needs a colonoscopy?”. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Capsule Endoscopy: Clinical Impacts and Innovation since 2001-Issue B)
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10 pages, 1669 KiB  
Review
Virtual Chromoendoscopy in Capsule Endoscopy: A Narrative Review
by Alexandros Toskas, Faidon-Marios Laskaratos and Sergio Coda
Diagnostics 2022, 12(8), 1818; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12081818 - 28 Jul 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1915
Abstract
The usefulness of virtual chromoendoscopy (VC) in capsule endoscopy (CE) isa controversial issue, with conflicting studies regarding its efficacy. FICE and a blue filter were embedded in the PillCamTM software, with the aim to assist readers in identifying the source of obscure [...] Read more.
The usefulness of virtual chromoendoscopy (VC) in capsule endoscopy (CE) isa controversial issue, with conflicting studies regarding its efficacy. FICE and a blue filter were embedded in the PillCamTM software, with the aim to assist readers in identifying the source of obscure gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding (OGIB), coeliac disease mucosal changes and other small and large bowel lesions, including polyps and tumors. This review aims to summarize the existing evidence on the value of VC in the visualization and identification of different types of pathology. Overall, VC in CE with FICE 1 and 2 can be a useful adjunctive tool and may increase the visibility of pigmented lesions, such as angiectasias and ulcers. However, it does not appear to improve the detection of polyps or tumors. On the other hand, the role of FICE 3 and the blue filter appears to be limited. FICE may also be helpful in differentiating hyperplastic and adenomatous colonic polyps during colon capsule endoscopy, although more evidence is needed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Capsule Endoscopy: Clinical Impacts and Innovation since 2001-Issue B)
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Other

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13 pages, 1809 KiB  
Systematic Review
Indications, Detection, Completion and Retention Rates of Capsule Endoscopy in Two Decades of Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Pablo Cortegoso Valdivia, Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka, Alfonso Elosua, Martina Sciberras, Stefania Piccirelli, Maria Rullan, Trevor Tabone, Katarzyna Gawel, Adam Stachowski, Artur Lemiński, Wojciech Marlicz, Ignacio Fernández-Urién, Pierre Ellul, Cristiano Spada, Marco Pennazio, Ervin Toth and Anastasios Koulaouzidis
Diagnostics 2022, 12(5), 1105; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12051105 - 28 Apr 2022
Cited by 37 | Viewed by 3707
Abstract
Background: Capsule endoscopy (CE) has become a widespread modality for non-invasive evaluation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, with several CE models having been developed throughout the years. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate performance measures such as completion, [...] Read more.
Background: Capsule endoscopy (CE) has become a widespread modality for non-invasive evaluation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, with several CE models having been developed throughout the years. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate performance measures such as completion, detection and retention rates of CE. Methods: Literature through to August 2021 was screened for articles regarding all capsule types: small bowel, double-headed capsule for the colon or PillCam®Crohn’s capsule, magnetically-controlled capsule endoscopy, esophageal capsule and patency capsule. Primary outcomes included detection rate (DR), completion rate (CR) and capsule retention rate (RR). DR, CR and RR were also analyzed in relation to indications such as obscure GI bleeding (OGIB), known/suspected Crohn’s disease (CD), celiac disease (CeD), neoplastic lesions (NL) and clinical symptoms (CS). Results: 328 original articles involving 86,930 patients who underwent CE were included. OGIB was the most common indication (n = 44,750), followed by CS (n = 17,897), CD (n = 11,299), NL (n = 4989) and CeD (n = 947). The most used capsule type was small bowel CE in 236 studies. DR, CR and RR for all indications were 59%, 89.6% and 2%, respectively. According to specific indications: DR were 55%, 66%, 63%, 52% and 62%; CR were 90.6%, 86.5%, 78.2%, 94% and 92.8%; and RR were 2%, 4%, 1%, 6% and 2%. Conclusions: Pooled DR, CR and RR are acceptable for all capsule types. OGIB is the most common indication for CE. Technological advancements have expanded the scope of CE devices in detecting GI pathology with acceptable rates for a complete examination. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Capsule Endoscopy: Clinical Impacts and Innovation since 2001-Issue B)
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